From 6fb038d109ce2e40287e8ae44559fb284e729b2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christopher Milan <chrismilan@ucla.edu>
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2026 20:07:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] replace CompilerSet with list (#15530)

* replace CompilerSet with list

* oops

* default Renderer list
---
 tinygrad/device.py              | 59 ++++++++++++++-------------------
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py     | 12 +++----
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_cl.py      |  4 +--
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py     |  8 ++---
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_cuda.py    | 13 ++++----
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_disk.py    |  2 +-
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_dsp.py     |  6 ++--
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_hip.py     |  5 ++-
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_metal.py   |  4 +--
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_npy.py     |  2 +-
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_null.py    | 12 +++----
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_nv.py      | 16 ++++-----
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_python.py  |  4 +--
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_qcom.py    | 10 +++---
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_tinyfs.py  |  2 +-
 tinygrad/runtime/ops_webgpu.py  |  4 +--
 tinygrad/runtime/support/hcq.py |  5 +--
 17 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tinygrad/device.py b/tinygrad/device.py
index 81b973e4e8..9ad8090b14 100644
--- a/tinygrad/device.py
+++ b/tinygrad/device.py
@@ -265,50 +265,39 @@ class Compiler:
     return lib
   def disassemble(self, lib:bytes): pass
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class CompilerSet: cset:list[tuple[type[Renderer]|functools.partial, ContextVar|None]]; ctrl_var:ContextVar|None = None # noqa: E702
-
 class Compiled:
   profile_events:list[ProfileEvent] = [ProfileDeviceEvent("CPU")] # NOTE: CPU is the default device.
 
-  def __init__(self, device:str, allocator:Allocator, compilers:CompilerSet|None, runtime, graph=None):
+  def __init__(self, device:str, allocator:Allocator, renderers:list[type[Renderer]|functools.partial], runtime, graph=None):
     from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
-
-    self.device, self.allocator, self.runtime, self.graph = device, allocator, runtime, graph
-
-    self.comps_ctrl_var = compilers.ctrl_var if compilers is not None else None
-    self.comp_sets:dict[str, tuple[ContextVar|None, type[Renderer]|functools.partial]] = {}
-    self.cached_pair:dict[Any, Renderer] = {}
-    for ren, var in (compilers.cset if compilers is not None else [(Renderer, None)]):
-      self.comp_sets[var.key.split('_', 1)[-1] if var is not None else self._compiler_name(ren)] = (var, ren)
+    self.device, self.allocator, self.runtime, self.graph, self.renderers = device, allocator, runtime, graph, renderers or [Renderer]
+    self.cached_renderer:dict[Any, Renderer] = {}
 
   @property
-  def renderer(self) -> Renderer: return self._select_compiler_pair()
+  def renderer(self) -> Renderer: return self._select_renderer()
 
   @property
   def compiler(self) -> Compiler:
     if (ret:=self.renderer.compiler) is None: raise RuntimeError(f"no compiler for {self.device}")
     return ret
 
-  def _compiler_name(self, r:type[Renderer]|functools.partial) -> str:
+  def _renderer_name(self, r:type[Renderer]|functools.partial) -> str:
     return unwrap_class_type(r).__name__.upper().removesuffix("RENDERER").removeprefix(devname:=self.device.split(':')[0].upper()) or devname
 
-  def _select_compiler_pair(self) -> Renderer:
+  def _renderer_var(self, r:type[Renderer]|functools.partial) -> ContextVar|None:
+    return ContextVar._cache.get(f"{self.device}_{self._renderer_name(r)}", None)
+
+  def _select_renderer(self) -> Renderer:
     # select forced compiler from global env var.
-    forced_comps = set([self.comp_sets[val][1]] if self.comps_ctrl_var is not None and (val:=self.comps_ctrl_var.value) else [])
+    forced_comps = set([r for r in self.renderers if self._renderer_name(r) == val] if
+                       (ctrl:=ContextVar._cache.get(f"{self.device}_CC", None)) is not None and (val:=ctrl.value) else [])
 
     # add forced compilers from individual env vars (only if global env var is not set, as it takes precedence).
-    if not forced_comps: forced_comps |= set(rc for en, rc in self.comp_sets.values() if en is not None and en.value == 1)
+    if not forced_comps: forced_comps |= set(r for r in self.renderers if (en:=self._renderer_var(r)) is not None and en.value == 1)
     if len(forced_comps) > 1: raise RuntimeError(f"{self.device}: multiple compilers set in env {forced_comps}")
 
-    # select remaining compilers (all or forced only)
-    comps = list(rc for en, rc in self.comp_sets.values())
-
-    # remove disabled compilers
-    for en, rc in self.comp_sets.values():
-      if en is not None and en.value == 0 and en.key in os.environ and rc in comps: comps.remove(rc)
-
-    return select_first_inited(list(forced_comps) if len(forced_comps)>0 else comps, f"No compiler for {self.device} is available", self.cached_pair)
+    return select_first_inited(list(forced_comps) if len(forced_comps)>0 else self.renderers, f"No renderer for {self.device} is available",
+                               self.cached_renderer)
 
   def synchronize(self):
     """
@@ -384,23 +373,23 @@ def enumerate_devices_str() -> Generator[str, None, None]:
     compilers_results, any_works = [], False
     try:
       d = Device[device]
-      default_comp_pairs, default_compiler, cc_ctrl_var = d.comp_sets, d.compiler, d.comps_ctrl_var
+      default_renderers, default_renderer = d.renderers, d.renderer
       try:
-        for k,(en,r) in default_comp_pairs.items():
-          d.comp_sets = {k:(None,r)} # env var set to None, so it doesn't interfere
-          d.comps_ctrl_var = None
+        for r in default_renderers:
+          d.renderers = [r]
           try:
             # d.renderer, d.compiler = r(), c()
-            with Context(CACHELEVEL=0): test = (Tensor([1,2,3], device=device) * 2).tolist()
+            with Context(CACHELEVEL=0, **({f"{device}_CC": d._renderer_name(r)} if (ctrl:=f"{device}_CC") in ContextVar._cache else {})):
+              test = (Tensor([1,2,3], device=device) * 2).tolist()
             if test != [2,4,6]: raise ValueError(f"got {test} instead of [2, 4, 6]")
-            set_text = f'({cc_ctrl_var.key}={d._compiler_name(r)} to make default)' if cc_ctrl_var is not None else ''
-            default_text = '(default)' if type(default_compiler) is type(d.compiler) else set_text
-            compilers_results.append(f"{colored('+', 'green')} {d._compiler_name(r)} {default_text}")
+            set_text = f'({ctrl}={d._renderer_name(r)} to make default)' if (ctrl:=f"{device}_CC") in ContextVar._cache else ''
+            default_text = '(default)' if type(default_renderer) is type(d.renderer) else set_text
+            compilers_results.append(f"{colored('+', 'green')} {d._renderer_name(r)} {default_text}")
             any_works = True
-          except Exception as e: compilers_results.append(f"{colored('-', 'yellow')} {d._compiler_name(r)}: {e}")
+          except Exception as e: compilers_results.append(f"{colored('-', 'yellow')} {d._renderer_name(r)}: {e}")
       finally:
         # put the defaults back!
-        d.comp_sets, d.comps_ctrl_var = default_comp_pairs, cc_ctrl_var
+        d.renderers = default_renderers
       result = (colored('PASS', 'green') if any_works else f"{colored('FAIL', 'yellow')}") + ''.join([f'\n{" "*16} {x}' for x in compilers_results])
     except Exception as e:
       result = f"{colored('FAIL', 'red')} {e}"
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py
index ed0f5147a2..624e12280e 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import HCQCompiled, HCQAllocator, HCQBuffer, HWQueue, CLikeArgsState, HCQSignal, HCQProgram, FileIOInterface
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import MMIOInterface, BumpAllocator, hcq_filter_visible_devices
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import sint
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, BufferSpec, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, BufferSpec
+from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, round_up, data64_le, DEBUG, PROFILE, ProfileEvent, lo32, hi32, colored, prod, ContextVar
-from tinygrad.helpers import VIZ, AMD_CC, AMD_LLVM, AMD_HIPCC, ceildiv, unwrap
+from tinygrad.helpers import VIZ, ceildiv, unwrap
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import AMDHIPRenderer, AMDHIPCCRenderer
 from tinygrad.renderer.llvmir import AMDLLVMRenderer
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import kfd, hsa, sqtt, amdgpu_kd, amdgpu_drm
@@ -967,11 +968,10 @@ class AMDDevice(HCQCompiled):
     self.sdma_queues:dict = {}
     self.has_sdma_queue = self.sdma_queue(0) is not None
 
-    compilers = CompilerSet([(functools.partial(AMDHIPRenderer, self.arch), None),
-                             (functools.partial(AMDLLVMRenderer, self.arch), AMD_LLVM),
-                             (functools.partial(AMDHIPCCRenderer, self.arch), AMD_HIPCC)], ctrl_var=AMD_CC)
+    renderers:list[type[Renderer]|functools.partial] = [functools.partial(AMDHIPRenderer, self.arch), functools.partial(AMDLLVMRenderer, self.arch),
+                                                        functools.partial(AMDHIPCCRenderer, self.arch)]
 
-    super().__init__(device, AMDAllocator(self), compilers, functools.partial(AMDProgram, self), AMDSignal,
+    super().__init__(device, AMDAllocator(self), renderers, functools.partial(AMDProgram, self), AMDSignal,
                      functools.partial(AMDComputeAQLQueue if self.is_aql else AMDComputeQueue, self),
                      functools.partial(AMDCopyQueue, self, max_copy_size=self.max_copy_size) if self.has_sdma_queue else None,
                      kernargs_size=(8 << 10) if self.is_usb() else (16 << 20), sigalloc_size=0x100 if self.is_usb() else 0x1000,
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cl.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cl.py
index face2a21f3..2a6d031b0e 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cl.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cl.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import opencl as cl
 from tinygrad.runtime.support import c
 from tinygrad.helpers import to_char_p_p, from_mv, OSX, DEBUG, mv_address, suppress_finalizing
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import OpenCLRenderer, IntelRenderer
-from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, LRUAllocator, Compiled, Compiler, CompileError, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, LRUAllocator, Compiled, Compiler, CompileError
 from tinygrad.dtype import ImageDType
 
 CC_CB = c.CFUNCTYPE[None, [c.POINTER[ctypes.c_char], c.POINTER[None], cl.size_t, c.POINTER[None]]]
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class CLDevice(Compiled):
 
     renderer = IntelRenderer if "cl_intel_subgroup_matrix_multiply_accumulate" in self.device_exts else OpenCLRenderer
     self.cl_compiler = CLCompiler(self, f"{hashlib.md5(self.device_name.encode() + self.driver_version.encode()).hexdigest()}")
-    super().__init__(device, CLAllocator(self), CompilerSet([(renderer, None)]), functools.partial(CLProgram, self))
+    super().__init__(device, CLAllocator(self), [renderer], functools.partial(CLProgram, self))
 
   def synchronize(self):
     check(cl.clFinish(self.queue))
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py
index 8d44ef711d..3a3a5fcdc5 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import platform, sys, ctypes, functools, time, mmap, threading, queue
 from tinygrad.helpers import to_mv, OSX, WIN, mv_address, suppress_finalizing, unwrap, data64_le
-from tinygrad.helpers import CPU_CC, CPU_LVP, CPU_LLVM
-from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec
+from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import HCQCompiled, HCQAllocator, HCQBuffer, HWQueue, HCQArgsState, HCQSignal, HCQProgram, MMIOInterface
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import CLikeArgsState
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import ClangJITRenderer
@@ -136,5 +136,5 @@ class CPUDevice(HCQCompiled):
   def __init__(self, device:str=""):
     self.tasks:queue.Queue = queue.Queue()
     CPUWorker(self, self.tasks, thread_id=0).start()
-    compilers = CompilerSet([(ClangJITRenderer, None), (CPULLVMRenderer, CPU_LLVM), (LVPRenderer, CPU_LVP)], ctrl_var=CPU_CC)
-    super().__init__(device, CPUAllocator(self), compilers, functools.partial(CPUProgram, self), CPUSignal, CPUComputeQueue)
+    renderers:list[type[Renderer]|functools.partial] = [ClangJITRenderer, CPULLVMRenderer, LVPRenderer]
+    super().__init__(device, CPUAllocator(self), renderers, functools.partial(CPUProgram, self), CPUSignal, CPUComputeQueue)
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cuda.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cuda.py
index 311f918eaf..fddd944c56 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cuda.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cuda.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import ctypes, functools
-from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv, mv_address, suppress_finalizing, CUDA_CC, CUDA_PTX, CUDA_NVCC
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, BufferSpec, LRUAllocator, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv, mv_address, suppress_finalizing
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, BufferSpec, LRUAllocator
+from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import CUDARenderer
 from tinygrad.renderer.ptx import PTXRenderer
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import cuda
@@ -118,10 +119,10 @@ class CUDADevice(Compiled):
     CUDADevice.devices.append(self)
 
     from tinygrad.runtime.graph.cuda import CUDAGraph
-    compilers = CompilerSet([(functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch, device="CUDA"), None),
-                             (functools.partial(PTXRenderer, self.arch, device="CUDA"), CUDA_PTX),
-                             (functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch, device="CUDA", use_nvcc=True), CUDA_NVCC)], ctrl_var=CUDA_CC)
-    super().__init__(device, CUDAAllocator(self), compilers, functools.partial(CUDAProgram, self), None if MOCKGPU else CUDAGraph)
+    renderers:list[type[Renderer]|functools.partial] = [functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch, device="CUDA"),
+                                                        functools.partial(PTXRenderer, self.arch, device="CUDA"),
+                                                        functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch, device="CUDA", use_nvcc=True)]
+    super().__init__(device, CUDAAllocator(self), renderers, functools.partial(CUDAProgram, self), None if MOCKGPU else CUDAGraph)
 
   def synchronize(self):
     check(cuda.cuCtxSetCurrent(self.context))
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_disk.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_disk.py
index 89475a1957..750b4a5709 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_disk.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_disk.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class DiskDevice(Compiled):
     self.size: int|None = None
     self.fd: int|None = None
     self.count = 0
-    super().__init__(device, DiskAllocator(self), None, None)
+    super().__init__(device, DiskAllocator(self), [], None)
   def _might_open(self, size:int):
     assert self.size is None or size <= self.size, f"can't reopen Disk tensor with larger size, opened with {self.size}, tried to open with {size}"
     if self.size is not None and hasattr(self, "mem"):
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_dsp.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_dsp.py
index 44fd550303..26acd0f282 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_dsp.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_dsp.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import ctypes, os, mmap, tempfile, pathlib, array, functools, threading, contextlib, sys, subprocess, struct
 assert sys.platform != 'win32'
-from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, Compiled, Allocator, Compiler, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, Compiled, Allocator, Compiler
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes, DType, PtrDType
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, UOp
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, round_up, mv_address, to_mv, cpu_objdump, system, DEBUG, suppress_finalizing
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ class DSPCompiler(Compiler):
 
 class DSPDevice(Compiled):
   def __init__(self, device:str=""):
-    if getenv("MOCKDSP"): super().__init__(device, DSPAllocator(self), CompilerSet([(MockDSPRenderer, None)]), MockDSPProgram)
+    if getenv("MOCKDSP"): super().__init__(device, DSPAllocator(self), [MockDSPRenderer], MockDSPProgram)
     else:
       self.ion_fd = os.open('/dev/ion', os.O_RDONLY)
-      super().__init__(device, DSPAllocator(self), CompilerSet([(DSPRenderer, None)]), functools.partial(DSPProgram, self))
+      super().__init__(device, DSPAllocator(self), [DSPRenderer], functools.partial(DSPProgram, self))
       fastrpc_shell = memoryview(bytearray(pathlib.Path('/dsp/cdsp/fastrpc_shell_3').read_bytes()))
       self.shell_buf = self.allocator.alloc(round_up(fastrpc_shell.nbytes, 0x1000), BufferSpec(nolru=True))
       ctypes.memmove(self.shell_buf.va_addr, mv_address(fastrpc_shell), fastrpc_shell.nbytes)
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_hip.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_hip.py
index 0586062088..75b13b21ad 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_hip.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_hip.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import ctypes, functools
 from tinygrad.helpers import mv_address, getenv, suppress_finalizing
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, LRUAllocator, BufferSpec, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, LRUAllocator, BufferSpec
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import hip
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import HIPRenderer
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.c import init_c_var, init_c_struct_t
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ class HIPDevice(Compiled):
     self.arch = init_c_var(hip.hipDeviceProp_t, lambda x: check(hip.hipGetDeviceProperties(x, self.device_id))).gcnArchName.decode()
     self.time_event_st, self.time_event_en = [init_c_var(hip.hipEvent_t, lambda x: hip.hipEventCreate(ctypes.byref(x), 0)) for _ in range(2)]
 
-    compilers = CompilerSet([(functools.partial(HIPRenderer, self.arch), None)])
-    super().__init__(device, HIPAllocator(self), compilers, functools.partial(HIPProgram, self))
+    super().__init__(device, HIPAllocator(self), [functools.partial(HIPRenderer, self.arch)], functools.partial(HIPProgram, self))
   def synchronize(self):
     check(hip.hipSetDevice(self.device_id))
     check(hip.hipDeviceSynchronize())
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_metal.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_metal.py
index 158234c441..e3a245c96c 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_metal.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_metal.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import subprocess, pathlib, struct, ctypes, tempfile, functools, decimal, platform
 from tinygrad.helpers import prod, to_mv, round_up, cache_dir, PROFILE, ProfileRangeEvent, cpu_profile, unwrap, suppress_finalizing
 import tinygrad.runtime.support.objc as objc
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Compiler, CompileError, LRUAllocator, ProfileDeviceEvent, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Compiler, CompileError, LRUAllocator, ProfileDeviceEvent
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import MetalRenderer
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import metal
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.c import DLL
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class MetalDevice(Compiled):
     from tinygrad.runtime.graph.metal import MetalGraph
     # NOTE: GitHub CI macOS runners use paravirtualized metal which is broken with graph.
     # This can be reproduced locally with any virtualization software (like utm) that can create macOS VMs with apple's own virtualization framework.
-    super().__init__(device, MetalAllocator(self), CompilerSet([(MetalRenderer, None)]),
+    super().__init__(device, MetalAllocator(self), [MetalRenderer],
       functools.partial(MetalProgram, self), MetalGraph if 'virtual' not in from_ns_str(self.sysdevice.name()).lower() else None)
 
   def synchronize(self):
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_npy.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_npy.py
index d92309ba52..b7ef4e47fb 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_npy.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_npy.py
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ class NpyAllocator(Allocator['NpyDevice']):
   def _copyout(self, dest:memoryview, src:np.ndarray): dest[:] = self._as_buffer(src)
 
 class NpyDevice(Compiled):
-  def __init__(self, device:str): super().__init__(device, NpyAllocator(self), None, None)
+  def __init__(self, device:str): super().__init__(device, NpyAllocator(self), [], None)
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_null.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_null.py
index 8436d75f23..87605da50a 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_null.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_null.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import functools
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Allocator, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Allocator
 from tinygrad.engine.jit import MultiGraphRunner
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import Renderer, CStyleLanguage, AMDHIPRenderer, QCOMCLRenderer
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops
-from tinygrad.helpers import cpu_profile, EMULATE, NULL_QCOMCL, NULL_IR3, NULL_NAK, NULL_ALLOW_COPYOUT
+from tinygrad.helpers import cpu_profile, EMULATE, NULL_ALLOW_COPYOUT
 from tinygrad.renderer.nir import IR3Renderer, NAKRenderer
 
 class NullRenderer(CStyleLanguage):
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class NullDevice(Compiled):
       case "AMD_CDNA4": renderer = functools.partial(AMDHIPRenderer, "gfx950")
       case "": renderer = NullRenderer
       case _: raise RuntimeError(f"can't EMULATE device: {EMULATE.value}")
-    compilers = CompilerSet([(renderer, None), (functools.partial(QCOMCLRenderer, 0x6030001), NULL_QCOMCL), # adreno 630
-                             (functools.partial(IR3Renderer, 0x6030001), NULL_IR3), # adreno 630
-                             (functools.partial(NAKRenderer, "sm_120", 48), NULL_NAK)]) # 5090
-    super().__init__(device, NullAllocator(self), compilers, functools.partial(NullProgram, device), NullGraph)
+    # adreno 630, 5090
+    renderers:list[type[Renderer]|functools.partial] = [renderer, functools.partial(QCOMCLRenderer, 0x6030001),
+                                                        functools.partial(IR3Renderer, 0x6030001), functools.partial(NAKRenderer, "sm_120", 48)]
+    super().__init__(device, NullAllocator(self), renderers, functools.partial(NullProgram, device), NullGraph)
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_nv.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_nv.py
index 7f4dd40f8f..b9a750255d 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_nv.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_nv.py
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import HCQCompiled, HCQAllocator, HCQBuffer, HWQueue, CLikeArgsState, HCQProgram, HCQSignal, BumpAllocator
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import MMIOInterface, FileIOInterface, MOCKGPU, hcq_filter_visible_devices, hcq_profile
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import sint
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, BufferSpec, CompilerSet
-from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, mv_address, round_up, data64, data64_le, prod, OSX, hi32, lo32, NV_CC, NV_PTX, NV_NAK, NV_NVCC, PROFILE
-from tinygrad.helpers import ContextVar, VIZ, ProfileEvent
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, BufferSpec
+from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, mv_address, round_up, data64, data64_le, prod, OSX, hi32, lo32, PROFILE, ContextVar, VIZ, ProfileEvent
 from tinygrad.renderer.ptx import PTXRenderer
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import CUDARenderer
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import nv_570, nv_580, mesa
@@ -618,11 +618,11 @@ class NVDevice(HCQCompiled[NVSignal]):
     self.arch: str = "sm_120" if self.sm_version==0xa04 else f"sm_{(self.sm_version>>8)&0xff}{(val>>4) if (val:=self.sm_version&0xff) > 0xf else val}"
     self.sass_version = ((self.sm_version & 0xf00) >> 4) | (self.sm_version & 0xf)
 
-    compilers = CompilerSet(ctrl_var=NV_CC, cset=[(functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch), None),
-       (functools.partial(PTXRenderer, self.arch, device="NV"), NV_PTX),
-       (functools.partial(NAKRenderer, self.arch, self.max_warps_per_sm), NV_NAK),
-       (functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch, use_nvcc=True), NV_NVCC)])
-    super().__init__(device, NVAllocator(self), compilers, functools.partial(NVProgram, self), NVSignal, NVComputeQueue, NVCopyQueue)
+    renderers:list[type[Renderer]|functools.partial] = [
+      functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch), functools.partial(PTXRenderer, self.arch, device="NV"),
+      functools.partial(NAKRenderer, self.arch, self.max_warps_per_sm), functools.partial(CUDARenderer, self.arch, use_nvcc=True)
+    ]
+    super().__init__(device, NVAllocator(self), renderers, functools.partial(NVProgram, self), NVSignal, NVComputeQueue, NVCopyQueue)
 
     self.pma_enabled = PMA.value > 0 and PROFILE >= 1
     if self.pma_enabled: self._prof_init()
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_python.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_python.py
index ce8225cc49..cc975b1232 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_python.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_python.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any, TYPE_CHECKING
 import pickle, base64, itertools, time, sys, functools
 from tinygrad.dtype import DType, dtypes, ImageDType, PtrDType, truncate, storage_fmt_for_dtype, to_storage_scalar, from_storage_scalar
 from tinygrad.helpers import all_same, getenv, flatten, get_single_element, EMULATE
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Compiler, Allocator, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Compiler, Allocator
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt import tc
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import exec_alu, python_alu, Ops, UOp, GroupOp, bitcast
 from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
@@ -231,4 +231,4 @@ class PythonAllocator(Allocator['PythonDevice']):
 
 class PythonDevice(Compiled):
   def __init__(self, device:str):
-    super().__init__(device, PythonAllocator(self), CompilerSet([(PythonRenderer, None)]), PythonProgram)
+    super().__init__(device, PythonAllocator(self), [PythonRenderer], PythonProgram)
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_qcom.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_qcom.py
index 154b69e9ba..d92d75d78e 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_qcom.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_qcom.py
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os, ctypes, functools, mmap, struct, array, math, sys, weakref, contextlib
 assert sys.platform != 'win32'
 from typing import Any, cast
-from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, CompilerSet, Device
+from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, Device
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import HCQBuffer, HWQueue, HCQProgram, HCQCompiled, HCQAllocatorBase, HCQSignal, HCQArgsState, BumpAllocator
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import FileIOInterface, MMIOInterface
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import kgsl, mesa
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import QCOMCLRenderer
 from tinygrad.renderer.nir import IR3Renderer
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, mv_address, to_mv, round_up, data64_le, ceildiv, prod, cpu_profile, lo32, suppress_finalizing
-from tinygrad.helpers import next_power2, flatten, QCOM_IR3, QCOM_CC, PROFILE
+from tinygrad.helpers import next_power2, flatten, PROFILE
 from tinygrad.dtype import ImageDType, dtypes
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.system import System
 if getenv("IOCTL"): import extra.qcom_gpu_driver.opencl_ioctl  # noqa: F401  # pylint: disable=unused-import
@@ -378,10 +378,8 @@ class QCOMDevice(HCQCompiled):
     if PROFILE and self.gpu_id[:2] < (7, 3):
       System.write_sysfs("/sys/class/kgsl/kgsl-3d0/idle_timer", value="4000000000", msg="Failed to disable suspend mode", expected="4294967276")
 
-    compilers = CompilerSet(ctrl_var=QCOM_CC, cset=[(functools.partial(QCOMCLRenderer, info.chip_id), None),
-                                                    (functools.partial(IR3Renderer, info.chip_id), QCOM_IR3)])
-    super().__init__(device, QCOMAllocator(self), compilers, functools.partial(QCOMProgram, self), QCOMSignal,
-                     functools.partial(QCOMComputeQueue, self), None)
+    super().__init__(device, QCOMAllocator(self), [functools.partial(QCOMCLRenderer, info.chip_id), functools.partial(IR3Renderer, info.chip_id)],
+                     functools.partial(QCOMProgram, self), QCOMSignal, functools.partial(QCOMComputeQueue, self), None)
 
   def _gpu_alloc(self, size:int, flags:int=0, uncached=False, fill_zeroes=False) -> HCQBuffer:
     flags |= flag("KGSL_MEMALIGN", alignment_hint:=12) | kgsl.KGSL_MEMFLAGS_USE_CPU_MAP
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_tinyfs.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_tinyfs.py
index 95af79e3e9..c8e41113da 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_tinyfs.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_tinyfs.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ TINYFS_TIMEOUT = getenv("TINYFS_TIMEOUT", 60)
 class TinyFSDevice(Compiled):
   def __init__(self, device:str):
     self.op = device[len("tinyfs:"):].upper()
-    super().__init__(device, TinyFSAllocator(self), None, None, None)
+    super().__init__(device, TinyFSAllocator(self), [], None, None)
 
     self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
     self.sock.connect((TINYFS_ENDPOINT.rsplit(":", 1)[0], int(TINYFS_ENDPOINT.rsplit(":", 1)[1])))
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_webgpu.py b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_webgpu.py
index c41014b198..2e861a0dff 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/ops_webgpu.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/ops_webgpu.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import functools, struct
-from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Allocator, BufferSpec, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import Compiled, Allocator, BufferSpec
 from tinygrad.renderer.wgsl import WGSLRenderer
 from tinygrad.helpers import round_up, suppress_finalizing
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import webgpu
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class WebGpuDevice(Compiled):
     self.device_res = _run(webgpu.wgpuAdapterRequestDeviceF, webgpu.WGPURequestDeviceCallbackInfo, webgpu.WGPURequestDeviceCallback,
       webgpu.WGPURequestDeviceStatus, 1, 2, adapter_res, dev_desc)
 
-    super().__init__(device, WebGpuAllocator(self), CompilerSet([(WGSLRenderer, None)]),
+    super().__init__(device, WebGpuAllocator(self), [WGSLRenderer],
       functools.partial(WebGPUProgram, (self.device_res, webgpu.WGPUFeatureName_TimestampQuery in supported)))
 
   def synchronize(self):
diff --git a/tinygrad/runtime/support/hcq.py b/tinygrad/runtime/support/hcq.py
index 96027d77c2..b638913ede 100644
--- a/tinygrad/runtime/support/hcq.py
+++ b/tinygrad/runtime/support/hcq.py
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ try: import fcntl # windows misses that
 except ImportError: fcntl = None #type:ignore[assignment]
 from tinygrad.helpers import PROFILE, getenv, to_mv, from_mv, cpu_profile, ProfileRangeEvent, select_first_inited, unwrap, suppress_finalizing
 from tinygrad.helpers import TracingKey
-from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, Compiled, LRUAllocator, ProfileDeviceEvent, ProfileProgramEvent, CompilerSet
+from tinygrad.device import BufferSpec, Compiled, LRUAllocator, ProfileDeviceEvent, ProfileProgramEvent
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import sym_infer, sint, UOp
 from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import libc
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.memory import BumpAllocator
+from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
 
 class MMIOInterface:
   def __init__(self, addr:int, nbytes:int, fmt='B'): self.mv, self.addr, self.nbytes, self.fmt = to_mv(addr, nbytes).cast(fmt), addr, nbytes, fmt
@@ -361,7 +362,7 @@ class HCQCompiled(Compiled, Generic[SignalType]):
   signal_pool: dict[str, list[HCQBuffer]] = collections.defaultdict(list) # per peer group
   cpu_devices: list[HCQCompiled] = []
 
-  def __init__(self, device:str, allocator:HCQAllocatorBase, compilers:CompilerSet, runtime, signal_t:Type[SignalType],
+  def __init__(self, device:str, allocator:HCQAllocatorBase, compilers:list[type[Renderer]|functools.partial], runtime, signal_t:Type[SignalType],
                comp_queue_t:Callable[..., HWQueue], copy_queue_t:Callable[..., HWQueue]|None=None, kernargs_size=(16 << 20), sigalloc_size=0x1000,
                can_recover:bool=False):
     self.device_id:int = int(device.split(":")[1]) if ":" in device else 0