outer

* checkout changes from autogen branch

* move assert

---------

Co-authored-by: George Hotz <[email protected]>

.github/actions/setup-tinygrad/action.yml

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ runs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ${{ github.workspace }}/.venv
-        key: venv-${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ steps.setup-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ inputs.deps }}-${{ inputs.pydeps }}-${{ hashFiles('**/setup.py') }}-${{ env.PYTHON_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: venv-${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ steps.setup-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ inputs.deps }}-${{ inputs.pydeps }}-${{ hashFiles('**/pyproject.toml') }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
 
     # **** Caching downloads ****
 
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ runs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ~/.cache/tinygrad/downloads/
-        key: downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
     - name: Cache downloads (macOS)
       if: inputs.key != '' && runner.os == 'macOS'
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ~/Library/Caches/tinygrad/downloads/
-        key: osx-downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: osx-downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
 
     # **** Python deps ****
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ runs:
       uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: /var/cache/apt/archives/
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-apt-${{ steps.apt-pkgs.outputs.hash }}-${{ env.APT_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-apt-${{ steps.apt-pkgs.outputs.hash }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
 
     - name: Run apt Update + Install
       if: runner.os == 'Linux' && (inputs.opencl == 'true' || inputs.amd == 'true' || inputs.cuda == 'true' || inputs.webgpu == 'true' || inputs.llvm == 'true')
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ runs:
         cache-name: cache-gpuocelot-build-1
       with:
         path: ${{ github.workspace }}/gpuocelot/ocelot
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-gpuocelot-b16039dc940dc6bc4ea0a98380495769ff35ed99-rebuild-${{ env.BUILD_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-gpuocelot-b16039dc940dc6bc4ea0a98380495769ff35ed99-rebuild-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
     - name: Clone/compile gpuocelot
       if: inputs.ocelot == 'true' && steps.cache-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       shell: bash

.github/workflows/autogen.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 name: Autogen
 env:
   # increment this when downloads substantially change to avoid the internet
-  DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION: '12'
-  PYTHON_CACHE_VERSION: '4'
-  APT_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
-  BUILD_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
+  CACHE_VERSION: '13'
   CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY: 1
   GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
   PYTHONPATH: ${{ github.workspace }}
@@ -14,15 +11,15 @@ on:
     branches:
       - master
   pull_request:
-    paths: 
+    paths:
     - 'tinygrad/runtime/autogen/**/*'
   workflow_dispatch:
-    paths: 
+    paths:
     - 'tinygrad/runtime/autogen/**/*'
 
 jobs:
   autogen:
-    name: Autogen
+    name: In-tree Autogen
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
@@ -34,64 +31,149 @@ jobs:
         opencl: 'true'
         amd: 'true'
         cuda: 'true'
-        webgpu: 'true'
         llvm: 'true'
-        pydeps: 'pyyaml mako'
+        webgpu: 'true'
+        mesa: 'true'
+        pydeps: 'clang>=20 pyyaml mako'
     - name: Install autogen support packages
-      run: sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends llvm-14-dev libclang-14-dev llvm-20-dev
+      run: sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libclang-20-dev llvm-20-dev hip-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev
     - name: Verify OpenCL autogen
       run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/opencl.py /tmp/opencl.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh opencl
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/opencl.py /tmp/opencl.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import opencl"
         diff /tmp/opencl.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/opencl.py
     - name: Verify CUDA autogen
       run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/cuda.py /tmp/cuda.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_gpu.py /tmp/nv_gpu.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh cuda
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh nv
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/cuda.py /tmp/cuda.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvrtc.py /tmp/nvrtc.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvjitlink.py /tmp/nvjitlink.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_570.py /tmp/nv_570.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv.py /tmp/nv.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import cuda, nvrtc, nvjitlink, nv_570, nv"
         diff /tmp/cuda.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/cuda.py
-        diff /tmp/nv_gpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_gpu.py
+        diff /tmp/nvrtc.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvrtc.py
+        diff /tmp/nvjitlink.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvjitlink.py
+        diff /tmp/nv_570.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_570.py
+        diff /tmp/nv.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv.py
     - name: Verify AMD autogen
       run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py /tmp/hsa.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py /tmp/kfd.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr.py /tmp/comgr.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/amd_gpu.py /tmp/amd_gpu.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/sqtt.py /tmp/sqtt.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh hsa
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh kfd
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh comgr
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh amd
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh sqtt
-        diff /tmp/hsa.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py
-        diff /tmp/kfd.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr.py /tmp/comgr.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py /tmp/hsa.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hip.py /tmp/hip.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/amd_gpu.py /tmp/amd_gpu.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/sqtt.py /tmp/sqtt.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/rocprof.py /tmp/rocprof.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/am.py /tmp/am_am.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_soc15.py /tmp/am_pm4_soc15.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_nv.py /tmp/am_pm4_nv.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_4_0_0.py /tmp/am_sdma_4_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_5_0_0.py /tmp/am_sdma_5_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_6_0_0.py /tmp/am_sdma_6_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v13_0_0.py /tmp/am_smu_v13_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v14_0_2.py /tmp/am_smu_v14_0_2.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import comgr, hsa, hip, amd_gpu, sqtt, rocprof; from tinygrad.runtime.autogen.am import am, pm4_soc15, pm4_nv, sdma_4_0_0, sdma_5_0_0, sdma_6_0_0, smu_v13_0_0, smu_v14_0_2"
         diff /tmp/comgr.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr.py
+        diff /tmp/hsa.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py
+        diff /tmp/hip.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hip.py
         diff /tmp/amd_gpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/amd_gpu.py
         diff /tmp/sqtt.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/sqtt.py
+        diff /tmp/rocprof.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/rocprof.py
+        diff /tmp/am_am.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/am.py
+        diff /tmp/am_pm4_soc15.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_soc15.py
+        diff /tmp/am_pm4_nv.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_nv.py
+        diff /tmp/am_sdma_4_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_4_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_sdma_5_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_5_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_sdma_6_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_6_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_smu_v13_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v13_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_smu_v14_0_2.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v14_0_2.py
     - name: Verify Linux autogen
       run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libc.py /tmp/libc.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/io_uring.py /tmp/io_uring.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/ib.py /tmp/ib.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh libc
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh io_uring
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh ib
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libc.py /tmp/libc.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py /tmp/kfd.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/io_uring.py /tmp/io_uring.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/ib.py /tmp/ib.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/pci.py /tmp/pci.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/vfio.py /tmp/vfio.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import libc, kfd, io_uring, ib, pci, vfio"
         diff /tmp/libc.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libc.py
+        diff /tmp/kfd.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py
         diff /tmp/io_uring.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/io_uring.py
         diff /tmp/ib.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/ib.py
-    - name: Verify WebGPU autogen
-      run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py /tmp/webgpu.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh webgpu
-        diff /tmp/webgpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py
+        diff /tmp/pci.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/pci.py
+        diff /tmp/vfio.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/vfio.py
     - name: Verify LLVM autogen
       run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/llvm.py /tmp/llvm.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh llvm
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/llvm.py /tmp/llvm.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import llvm"
         diff /tmp/llvm.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/llvm.py
+    - name: Verify WebGPU autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py /tmp/webgpu.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import webgpu"
+        diff /tmp/webgpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py
+    - name: Verify Qualcomm autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kgsl.py /tmp/kgsl.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/adreno.py /tmp/adreno.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/qcom_dsp.py /tmp/qcom_dsp.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import kgsl, adreno, qcom_dsp"
+        diff /tmp/kgsl.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kgsl.py
+        diff /tmp/adreno.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/adreno.py
+        diff /tmp/qcom_dsp.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/qcom_dsp.py
+    - name: Verify libusb autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libusb.py /tmp/libusb.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import libusb"
+        diff /tmp/libusb.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libusb.py
     - name: Verify mesa autogen
       run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/mesa.py /tmp/mesa.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh mesa
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/mesa.py /tmp/mesa.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import mesa"
         diff /tmp/mesa.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/mesa.py
+    - name: Verify libclang autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libclang.py /tmp/libclang.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import libclang"
+        diff /tmp/libclang.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libclang.py
+  autogen-mac:
+    name: In-tree Autogen (macos)
+    runs-on: macos-14
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout Code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Setup Environment
+      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
+      with:
+        llvm: 'true'
+        pydeps: 'clang>=20'
+    - name: Verify macos autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/metal.py /tmp/metal.py.bak
+        LIBCLANG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@20/lib/libclang.dylib python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import metal"
+        diff /tmp/metal.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/metal.py
+  autogen-comgr-3:
+    name: In-tree Autogen (comgr 3)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout Code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Setup Environment
+      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
+      with:
+        pydeps: 'clang>=20'
+    - name: Install autogen support packages
+      run: |
+        wget https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/rocm.gpg.key -O - | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg > /dev/null
+        sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rocm.list <<EOF
+        deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg] https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/6.4 $(lsb_release -cs) main
+        EOF
+        echo -e 'Package: *\nPin: release o=repo.radeon.com\nPin-Priority: 600' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/rocm-pin-600
+        sudo apt -qq update || true
+        sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libclang-20-dev comgr
+    - name: Verify comgr (3) autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr_3.py /tmp/comgr_3.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import comgr_3"
+        diff /tmp/comgr_3.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr_3.py

.github/workflows/benchmark.yml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Print macOS version
       run: sw_vers
     - name: Run Stable Diffusion
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=720 python3.11 examples/stable_diffusion.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=800 python3.11 examples/stable_diffusion.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd.txt
     - name: Run Stable Diffusion without fp16
       run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_fp32 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=800 python3.11 examples/stable_diffusion.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd_no_fp16.txt
     - name: Run Stable Diffusion v2
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Test speed vs torch
       run: NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 HALF=1 BIG=2 TORCHCUDA=1 python3 test/speed/external_test_speed_v_torch.py | tee torch_speed.txt
     - name: Test speed vs theoretical
-      run: NV=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
+      run: NV=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
     - name: Test benchmark allreduce
       run: NV=1 python test/external/external_benchmark_multitensor_allreduce.py
     - name: Test tensor cores
@@ -320,19 +320,20 @@ jobs:
     #   run: NV=1 NV_PTX=1 M_START=12 M_STOP=20 M_STEP=1 N_START=6 N_STOP=10 N_STEP=1 K_START=28 K_STOP=36 K_STEP=1 HALF=1 TC_OPT=2 python3 ./extra/gemm/fuzz_matmul.py
     - name: Train MNIST
       run: time PYTHONPATH=. NV=1 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=96.0 python3 examples/beautiful_mnist.py | tee beautiful_mnist.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
     - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=270 NV=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=240 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_bf16 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=270 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=1300 NV=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=240 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_bf16 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=270 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
     # TODO: too slow
     # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
     #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half_wino ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=350 NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 WINO=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu.txt
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu.txt
     - name: Run MLPerf resnet eval on training data
       run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=resnet_eval NV=1 MODEL=resnet python3 examples/mlperf/model_eval.py
     #- name: Run 10 MLPerf ResNet50 training steps (1 gpu)
@@ -409,7 +410,7 @@ jobs:
     #    python3 -c "import torch; print(torch.__version__)"
     #    LD_PRELOAD="/opt/rocm/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so" HSA=1 BIG=2 TORCHCUDA=1 python3 test/speed/external_test_speed_v_torch.py | tee torch_speed.txt
     - name: Test speed vs theoretical
-      run: AMD=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
+      run: AMD=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
     - name: Test tensor cores
       run: |
         AMD=1 AMD_LLVM=0 python3 test/opt/test_tensor_cores.py
@@ -524,17 +525,18 @@ jobs:
       run: test/external/process_replay/reset.py
     - name: Train MNIST
       run: time PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=96.0 python3 examples/beautiful_mnist.py | tee beautiful_mnist.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
     - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=330 AMD=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=390 AMD=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=2000 AMD=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=390 AMD=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
     # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
     #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_bf16 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=288 AMD=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
     # TODO: too slow
     # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
     #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half_wino ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=66 AMD=1 WINO=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
     #- name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS
     #  run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu.txt
     #- name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS (REMOTE)
@@ -623,24 +625,24 @@ jobs:
         rm -f /tmp/staging.db /tmp/staging.db-shm /tmp/staging.db-wal
     - name: reset process replay
       run: test/external/process_replay/reset.py
-    - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_vision
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_vision PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
-    - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_policy
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_policy PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
-    - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 dmonitoring
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
+    # - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_vision
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_vision PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
+    # - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_policy
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_policy PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
+    # - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 dmonitoring
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
     - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.0 driving_policy
       run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_0_policy PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=4 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.10.0/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
     - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.0 dmonitoring
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_0_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=12 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.10.0/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_0_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=11 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.10.0/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
+    - name: DEBUG=2 openpilot compile3 0.10.1 driving_vision
+      run: PYTHONPATH="." DEBUG=2 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
     - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.1 driving_vision
-      # TODO: ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=17
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_vision PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=21 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_vision PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=17 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
     - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.1 driving_policy
       run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_policy PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=4 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
     - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.1 dmonitoring
-      # TODO: ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=10
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=12 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=10 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
     - name: benchmark MobileNetV2 on DSP
       run: |
         # generate quantized weights
@@ -704,8 +706,9 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         AMD=1 GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 PYTHONPATH=. NSZ=8192 python3 test/speed/external_test_copy_speed.py TestCopySpeed.testCopyDefaulttoCPUJit
         AMD=1 GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 PYTHONPATH=. NSZ=8192 python3 test/speed/external_test_copy_speed.py TestCopySpeed.testCopyCPUtoDefaultJit
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee am_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee am_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
     # TODO: enable
     # - name: Run 10 MLPerf ResNet50 training steps (1 gpu)
     #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=resnet_10steps AMD=1 MNISTMOCK=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF BENCHMARK=10 BS=256 GPUS=1 MODEL=resnet python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee am_train_resnet_one_gpu.txt
@@ -767,8 +770,9 @@ jobs:
         NV=1 GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 PYTHONPATH=. NSZ=8192 python3 test/speed/external_test_copy_speed.py TestCopySpeed.testCopyCPUtoDefaultJit
     - name: Test LLAMA-3
       run: BENCHMARK_LOG=llama3_beam NV=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 python3 examples/llama3.py --size 8B --benchmark --temperature 0 | tee nv_llama3_beam.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee nv_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee nv_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
     #- name: Run 10 MLPerf ResNet50 training steps (1 gpu)
     #  run: BENCHMARK_LOG=resnet_10steps NV=1 MNISTMOCK=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF BENCHMARK=10 BS=256 GPUS=1 MODEL=resnet python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee nv_train_resnet_one_gpu.txt
     - name: Run 10 MLPerf Bert training steps (1 gpu)

.github/workflows/benchmark_search.yml

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run SDXL with new search
       # TODO: GCVM_L2_PROTECTION_FAULT_STATUS with llvm19
       run: |
-        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_sdxl PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1 python examples/sdxl.py --noshow --timing --seed 0
+        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_sdxl PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 python examples/sdxl.py --noshow --timing --seed 0
     - name: Run SDXL with cached search
       run: |
         BENCHMARK_LOG=search_sdxl_cached PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 JITBEAM=2 python examples/sdxl.py --noshow --timing --seed 0
     - name: Run winograd cifar with new search
       run: |
-        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_wino_cifar WINO=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF JITBEAM=4 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1 BS=1024 STEPS=500 python examples/hlb_cifar10.py
+        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_wino_cifar WINO=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF JITBEAM=4 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 BS=1024 STEPS=500 python examples/hlb_cifar10.py
     - name: Run winograd cifar with cached search
       run: |
         BENCHMARK_LOG=search_wino_cifar_cached WINO=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF JITBEAM=4 BS=1024 STEPS=500 python examples/hlb_cifar10.py

.github/workflows/python-publish.yml

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install setuptools wheel twine
+        pip install setuptools wheel build twine
     - name: Build and publish
       env:
         TWINE_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.PYPI_USERNAME }}
         TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PASSWORD }}
       run: |
-        python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+        python -m build
         twine upload dist/*

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 name: Unit Tests
 env:
   # increment this when downloads substantially change to avoid the internet
-  DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION: '12'
-  PYTHON_CACHE_VERSION: '4'
-  APT_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
-  BUILD_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
+  CACHE_VERSION: '13'
   CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY: 1
   GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
   PYTHONPATH: ${{ github.workspace }}
@@ -344,10 +341,11 @@ jobs:
           key: gpu-image
           deps: testing_minimal
           opencl: 'true'
-      - name: Test CL IMAGE=2 ops + training
+      - name: Test CL IMAGE=2 ops
         run: |
           CL=1 IMAGE=2 python -m pytest -n=auto test/test_ops.py --durations=20
-          CL=1 IMAGE=2 python test/models/test_end2end.py TestEnd2End.test_linear_mnist
+        # TODO: training is broken
+        # CL=1 IMAGE=2 python test/models/test_end2end.py TestEnd2End.test_linear_mnist
       - name: Run process replay tests
         uses: ./.github/actions/process-replay
 
@@ -392,7 +390,7 @@ jobs:
           llvm: 'true'
       - name: Test openpilot model kernel count and gate usage
         run: |
-          ALLOWED_KERNEL_COUNT=123 ALLOWED_READ_IMAGE=1452 ALLOWED_GATED_READ_IMAGE=122 FLOAT16=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/cf6376aa9a090f0da26c280ef69eabf9bbdd51d1faac9ed392919c3db69be916
+          ALLOWED_KERNEL_COUNT=123 ALLOWED_READ_IMAGE=1397 ALLOWED_GATED_READ_IMAGE=94 FLOAT16=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/cf6376aa9a090f0da26c280ef69eabf9bbdd51d1faac9ed392919c3db69be916
       - name: Test openpilot CL compile fp16
         run: FLOAT16=1 DEBUGCL=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/cf6376aa9a090f0da26c280ef69eabf9bbdd51d1faac9ed392919c3db69be916
       - name: Test openpilot CL compile fp32 (test correctness)

README.md

@@ -21,17 +21,38 @@ tinygrad: For something between [PyTorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch) an
 
 ---
 
-Despite tinygrad's size, it is a fully featured deep learning framework.
+tinygrad is an end-to-end deep learning stack:
 
-Due to its extreme simplicity, it is the easiest framework to add new accelerators to, with support for both inference and training. If XLA is CISC, tinygrad is RISC.
+- **Tensor library** with autograd
+- **IR and compiler** that fuse and lower kernels
+- **JIT + graph execution**
+- **nn / optim / datasets** for real training
 
-tinygrad is now beta software, we [raised some money](https://geohot.github.io/blog/jekyll/update/2023/05/24/the-tiny-corp-raised-5M.html) to make it good. Someday, we will tape out chips.
+It’s inspired by PyTorch (ergonomics), JAX (functional transforms and IR-based AD), and TVM (scheduling and codegen), but stays intentionally tiny and hackable.
 
-## Features
+---
 
-### LLaMA and Stable Diffusion
+## How tinygrad compares
 
-tinygrad can run [LLaMA](/docs/showcase.md#llama) and [Stable Diffusion](/docs/showcase.md#stable-diffusion)!
+**PyTorch**
+
+- ✅ Similar: eager `Tensor` API, autograd, `optim`, basic datasets and layers.
+- ✅ You can write familiar training loops.
+- 🔁 Unlike PyTorch, the entire compiler and IR are visible and hackable.
+
+**JAX**
+
+- ✅ IR-based autodiff over primitives (like JAXPR + XLA).
+- ✅ Function-level JIT (`TinyJit`) that captures and replays kernels.
+- 🔁 Fewer functional transforms (no full `vmap`/`pmap` yet), but far easier to read.
+
+**TVM**
+
+- ✅ Multiple lowering passes, scheduling, and BEAM search over kernels.
+- ✅ Device “graphs” for batched execution.
+- 🔁 tinygrad also ships the **front-end framework** (tensors, nn, optim), not just the compiler.
+
+---
 
 ### Laziness
 

autogen_stubs.sh

@@ -1,568 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -e
-
-# setup instructions for clang2py
-if [[ ! $(clang2py -V) ]]; then
-  pushd .
-  cd /tmp
-  sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends clang
-  pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-  pip install clang==14.0.6
-  git clone https://github.com/nimlgen/ctypeslib.git
-  cd ctypeslib
-  pip install .
-  clang2py -V
-  popd
-fi
-
-BASE=tinygrad/runtime/autogen/
-
-fixup() {
-  sed -i '1s/^/# mypy: ignore-errors\n/' $1
-  sed -i 's/ *$//' $1
-  grep FIXME_STUB $1 || true
-}
-
-patch_dlopen() {
-  path=$1; shift
-  name=$1; shift
-  cat <<EOF | sed -i "/import ctypes.*/r /dev/stdin" $path
-PATHS_TO_TRY = [
-$(for p in "$@"; do echo "  $p,"; done)
-]
-def _try_dlopen_$name():
-  library = ctypes.util.find_library("$name")
-  if library:
-    try: return ctypes.CDLL(library)
-    except OSError: pass
-  for candidate in PATHS_TO_TRY:
-    try: return ctypes.CDLL(candidate)
-    except OSError: pass
-  return None
-EOF
-}
-
-generate_opencl() {
-  clang2py /usr/include/CL/cl.h -o $BASE/opencl.py -l /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOpenCL.so.1 -k cdefstum
-  fixup $BASE/opencl.py
-  # hot patches
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/opencl.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOpenCL.so.1')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('OpenCL'))\g" $BASE/opencl.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.opencl"
-}
-
-generate_hip() {
-  clang2py /opt/rocm/include/hip/hip_ext.h /opt/rocm/include/hip/hiprtc.h \
-  /opt/rocm/include/hip/hip_runtime_api.h /opt/rocm/include/hip/driver_types.h \
-  --clang-args="-D__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__ -I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" -o $BASE/hip.py -l /opt/rocm/lib/libamdhip64.so
-  echo "hipDeviceProp_t = hipDeviceProp_tR0600" >> $BASE/hip.py
-  echo "hipGetDeviceProperties = hipGetDevicePropertiesR0600" >> $BASE/hip.py
-  fixup $BASE/hip.py
-  # we can trust HIP is always at /opt/rocm/lib
-  #sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  #sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libhiprtc.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('hiprtc'))\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  #sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libamdhip64.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('amdhip64'))\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  sed -i "s\'/opt/rocm/\os.getenv('ROCM_PATH', '/opt/rocm/')+'/\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.hip"
-}
-
-generate_comgr() {
-  clang2py /opt/rocm/include/amd_comgr/amd_comgr.h \
-  --clang-args="-D__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__ -I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" -o $BASE/comgr.py -l /opt/rocm/lib/libamd_comgr.so
-  fixup $BASE/comgr.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/comgr.py
-  patch_dlopen $BASE/comgr.py amd_comgr "'/opt/rocm/lib/libamd_comgr.so'" "os.getenv('ROCM_PATH', '')+'/lib/libamd_comgr.so'" "'/usr/local/lib/libamd_comgr.dylib'" "'/opt/homebrew/lib/libamd_comgr.dylib'"
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libamd_comgr.so')\_try_dlopen_amd_comgr()\g" $BASE/comgr.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.comgr"
-}
-
-generate_kfd() {
-  clang2py /usr/include/linux/kfd_ioctl.h -o $BASE/kfd.py -k cdefstum
-
-  fixup $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/import ctypes/import ctypes, os/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/import fcntl, functools/import functools/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "/import functools/a from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import FileIOInterface" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/def _do_ioctl(__idir, __base, __nr, __user_struct, __fd, \*\*kwargs):/def _do_ioctl(__idir, __base, __nr, __user_struct, __fd:FileIOInterface, \*\*kwargs):/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/fcntl.ioctl(__fd, (__idir<<30)/__fd.ioctl((__idir<<30)/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/!!/not not /g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.kfd"
-}
-
-generate_cuda() {
-  clang2py /usr/include/cuda.h --clang-args="-D__CUDA_API_VERSION_INTERNAL" -o $BASE/cuda.py -l /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/cuda.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('cuda'))\g" $BASE/cuda.py
-  fixup $BASE/cuda.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.cuda"
-}
-
-generate_nvrtc() {
-  clang2py /usr/local/cuda/include/nvrtc.h /usr/local/cuda/include/nvJitLink.h -o $BASE/nvrtc.py -l /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvrtc.so -l /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvJitLink.so
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvrtc.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('nvrtc'))\g" $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvJitLink.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('nvJitLink'))\g" $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  fixup $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nvrtc"
-}
-
-generate_nv() {
-  NVKERN_COMMIT_HASH=81fe4fb417c8ac3b9bdcc1d56827d116743892a5
-  NVKERN_SRC=/tmp/open-gpu-kernel-modules-$NVKERN_COMMIT_HASH
-  if [ ! -d "$NVKERN_SRC" ]; then
-    git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/open-gpu-kernel-modules $NVKERN_SRC
-    pushd .
-    cd $NVKERN_SRC
-    git reset --hard $NVKERN_COMMIT_HASH
-    popd
-  fi
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/clc6c0qmd.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/clcec0qmd.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl0000.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl0080.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl2080.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl2080_notification.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc56f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc86f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc96f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc761.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl83de.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/generated/g_allclasses.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc6c0.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clcdc0.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/clc6b5.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/clc9b5.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/uvm_ioctl.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/uvm_linux_ioctl.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/hwref/ampere/ga100/dev_fault.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv_escape.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-ioctl.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-ioctl-numbers.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-ioctl-numa.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-unix-nvos-params-wrappers.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/alloc/alloc_channel.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvos.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl0000/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl0080/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl2080/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl83de/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrlc36f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrlcb33.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrla06c.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl90f1.h \
-    --clang-args="-include $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvtypes.h -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl" \
-    -o $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  fixup $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i "s\(0000000001)\1\g" $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i 's/#\?\s\([A-Za-z0-9_]\+\) = MW ( \([0-9]\+\) : \([0-9]\+\) )/\1 = (\2 , \3)/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py # NVC6C0_QMDV03_00 processing
-  sed -i 's/#\sdef NVC6C0_QMD\([A-Za-z0-9_()]\+\):/def NVC6C0_QMD\1:/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i 's/#\sdef NVCEC0_QMD\([A-Za-z0-9_()]\+\):/def NVCEC0_QMD\1:/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -E -i -n '/^def (NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE)(_ENABLE)\(i\):/{p;s//\1'"0"'\2=\1\2(0)\n\1'"1"'\2=\1\2(1)/;H;b};p;${x;s/^\n//;p}' "$BASE/nv_gpu.py"
-  sed -i 's/#\s*return MW(\([0-9i()*+]\+\):\([0-9i()*+]\+\))/    return (\1 , \2)/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i 's/#\?\s*\(.*\)\s*=\s*\(NV\)\?BIT\(32\)\?\s*(\s*\([0-9]\+\)\s*)/\1 = (1 << \4)/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py # name = BIT(x) -> name = (1 << x)
-  sed -i "s/UVM_\([A-Za-z0-9_]\+\) = \['i', '(', '\([0-9]\+\)', ')'\]/UVM_\1 = \2/" $BASE/nv_gpu.py # UVM_name = ['i', '(', '<num>', ')'] -> UVM_name = <num>
-
-  # Parse status codes
-  sed -n '1i\
-nv_status_codes = {}
-/^NV_STATUS_CODE/ { s/^NV_STATUS_CODE(\([^,]*\), *\([^,]*\), *"\([^"]*\)") *.*$/\1 = \2\nnv_status_codes[\1] = "\3"/; p }' $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvstatuscodes.h >> $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv_gpu"
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/gpu/fsp/kern_fsp_cot_payload.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/gsp/gspifpub.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/gsp/gsp_fw_wpr_meta.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/gsp/gsp_fw_sr_meta.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/gpu/gsp/gsp_init_args.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/gpu/gsp/gsp_init_args.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/uproc/os/common/include/libos_init_args.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/rmRiscvUcode.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/shared/msgq/inc/msgq/msgq_priv.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/vgpu/rpc_headers.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/vgpu/rpc_global_enums.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/generated/g_rpc-structures.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/fsp/fsp_nvdm_format.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/g_rpc-message-header.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/gsp_static_config.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/vbios.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/pci_exp_table.h \
-    --clang-args="-DRPC_MESSAGE_STRUCTURES -DRPC_STRUCTURES -include $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvtypes.h -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/generated -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/interface/ -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/libraries -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl" \
-    -o $BASE/nv/nv.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/nv/nv.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv.nv"
-}
-
-generate_amd() {
-  # clang2py broken when pass -x c++ to prev headers
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/nvd.h \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/gc_11_0_0_offset.h \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sienna_cichlid_ip_offset.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/amd_gpu.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/amd_gpu.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/amd_gpu.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.amd_gpu"
-}
-
-generate_hsa() {
-  clang2py \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ext_amd.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/amd_hsa_signal.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/amd_hsa_queue.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/amd_hsa_kernel_code.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ext_finalize.h /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ext_image.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ven_amd_aqlprofile.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include" \
-    -o $BASE/hsa.py -l /opt/rocm/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so
-
-  fixup $BASE/hsa.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/hsa.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so')\ctypes.CDLL(os.getenv('ROCM_PATH')+'/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so' if os.getenv('ROCM_PATH') else ctypes.util.find_library('hsa-runtime64'))\g" $BASE/hsa.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.hsa"
-}
-
-generate_io_uring() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/liburing.h \
-    /usr/include/linux/io_uring.h \
-    -o $BASE/io_uring.py
-
-  sed -r '/^#define __NR_io_uring/ s/^#define __(NR_io_uring[^ ]+) (.*)$/\1 = \2/; t; d' /usr/include/asm-generic/unistd.h >> $BASE/io_uring.py # io_uring syscalls numbers
-  fixup $BASE/io_uring.py
-}
-
-generate_ib() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/infiniband/verbs.h \
-    /usr/include/infiniband/verbs_api.h \
-    /usr/include/infiniband/ib_user_ioctl_verbs.h \
-    /usr/include/rdma/ib_user_verbs.h \
-    -o $BASE/ib.py
-
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" "$BASE/ib.py"
-  sed -i "s\FIXME_STUB\libibverbs\g" "$BASE/ib.py"
-  sed -i "s\FunctionFactoryStub()\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('ibverbs'), use_errno=True)\g" "$BASE/ib.py"
-
-  fixup $BASE/ib.py
-}
-
-generate_libc() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $(dpkg -L libc6-dev | grep sys/mman.h) \
-    $(dpkg -L libc6-dev | grep sys/syscall.h) \
-    /usr/include/string.h \
-    /usr/include/elf.h \
-    /usr/include/unistd.h \
-    /usr/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h \
-    -o $BASE/libc.py
-
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/libc.py
-  sed -i "s\FIXME_STUB\libc\g" $BASE/libc.py
-  sed -i "s\FunctionFactoryStub()\None if (libc_path := ctypes.util.find_library('c')) is None else ctypes.CDLL(libc_path, use_errno=True)\g" $BASE/libc.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/libc.py
-}
-
-generate_llvm() {
-  INC="$(llvm-config-14 --includedir)"
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $(find "$INC/llvm-c/" -type f -name '*.h' | sort) \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/Targets.def" \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def" \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def" \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def" \
-    --clang-args="$(llvm-config-14 --cflags)" \
-    -o "$BASE/llvm.py"
-
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, tinygrad.runtime.support.llvm as llvm_support\g" "$BASE/llvm.py"
-  sed -i "s\FIXME_STUB\llvm\g" "$BASE/llvm.py"
-  sed -i "s\FunctionFactoryStub()\ctypes.CDLL(llvm_support.LLVM_PATH)\g" "$BASE/llvm.py"
-
-  fixup "$BASE/llvm.py"
-}
-
-generate_kgsl() {
-  clang2py extra/qcom_gpu_driver/msm_kgsl.h -o $BASE/kgsl.py -k cdefstum
-  fixup $BASE/kgsl.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/kgsl.py
-  sed -nE 's/#define ([A-Za-z0-9_]+)_SHIFT\s*[^\S\r\n]*[0-9]*$/def \1(val): return (val << \1_SHIFT) \& \1_MASK/p' extra/qcom_gpu_driver/msm_kgsl.h >> $BASE/kgsl.py
-  sed -i "s\fcntl.ioctl(__fd, (__idir<<30)\__fd.ioctl((__idir<<30)\g" $BASE/kgsl.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.kgsl"
-}
-
-generate_adreno() {
-  clang2py extra/qcom_gpu_driver/a6xx.xml.h -o $BASE/adreno.py -k cestum
-  sed -nE 's/#define ([A-Za-z0-9_]+)__SHIFT\s*[^\S\r\n]*[0-9]*$/def \1(val): return (val << \1__SHIFT) \& \1__MASK/p' extra/qcom_gpu_driver/a6xx.xml.h >> $BASE/adreno.py
-  fixup $BASE/adreno.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/adreno.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.adreno"
-}
-
-generate_qcom() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/dsp/include/ion.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/msm_ion.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/adsprpc_shared.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/remote_default.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/apps_std.h \
-    -o $BASE/qcom_dsp.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/qcom_dsp.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.qcom_dsp"
-}
-
-generate_pci() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/linux/pci_regs.h \
-    -o $BASE/pci.py
-  fixup $BASE/pci.py
-}
-
-generate_vfio() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/linux/vfio.h \
-    -o $BASE/vfio.py
-  fixup $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\import fcntl, functools\import functools" $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes,os\a from tinygrad.runtime.support import FileIOInterface\g" $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\fcntl.ioctl(__fd, (__idir<<30)\return __fd.ioctl((__idir<<30)\g" $BASE/vfio.py
-}
-
-generate_am() {
-  AMKERN_COMMIT_HASH=ceb12c04e2b5b53ec0779362831f5ee40c4921e4
-  AMKERN_SRC=/tmp/ROCK-Kernel-Driver-$AMKERN_COMMIT_HASH
-  if [ ! -d "$AMKERN_SRC" ]; then
-    git clone https://github.com/ROCm/ROCK-Kernel-Driver $AMKERN_SRC --depth 1
-  fi
-  AMKERN_AMD=$AMKERN_SRC/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/
-  AMKERN_INC=$AMKERN_AMD/include/
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/v11_structs.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/v12_structs.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_vm.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/discovery.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_ucode.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/psp_gfx_if.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_psp.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_irq.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_doorbell.h \
-    $AMKERN_INC/soc15_ih_clientid.h \
-    --clang-args="-include stdint.h" \
-    -o $BASE/am/am.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/am.py
-  sed -i "s\(int64_t)\ \g" $BASE/am/am.py
-  sed -i "s\AMDGPU_PTE_MTYPE_VG10(2)\AMDGPU_PTE_MTYPE_VG10(0, 2)\g" $BASE/am/am.py # incorrect parsing (TODO: remove when clang2py is gone).
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdkfd/kfd_pm4_headers_ai.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/soc15d.h \
-    -o $BASE/am/pm4_soc15.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/pm4_soc15.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdkfd/kfd_pm4_headers_ai.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/nvd.h \
-    -o $BASE/am/pm4_nv.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/pm4_nv.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/vega10_sdma_pkt_open.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/am/sdma_4_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/sdma_4_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/navi10_sdma_pkt_open.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/am/sdma_5_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/sdma_5_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/sdma_v6_0_0_pkt_open.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/am/sdma_6_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/sdma_6_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu_v13_0_0_ppsmc.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu13_driver_if_v13_0_0.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_smu.h \
-    -o $BASE/am/smu_v13_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/smu_v13_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu_v14_0_0_pmfw.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu_v14_0_2_ppsmc.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu14_driver_if_v14_0.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_smu.h \
-    --clang-args="-include stdint.h" \
-    -o $BASE/am/smu_v14_0_2.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/smu_v14_0_2.py
-}
-
-generate_sqtt() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/sqtt/sqtt.h \
-    -o $BASE/sqtt.py
-  fixup $BASE/sqtt.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/sqtt.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.sqtt"
-
-  ROCPROF_COMMIT_HASH=dd0485100971522cc4cd8ae136bdda431061a04d
-  ROCPROF_SRC=/tmp/rocprof-trace-decoder-$ROCPROF_COMMIT_HASH
-  if [ ! -d "$ROCPROF_SRC" ]; then
-    git clone https://github.com/ROCm/rocprof-trace-decoder $ROCPROF_SRC
-    pushd .
-    cd $ROCPROF_SRC
-    git reset --hard $ROCPROF_COMMIT_HASH
-    popd
-  fi
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $ROCPROF_SRC/include/rocprof_trace_decoder.h \
-    $ROCPROF_SRC/include/trace_decoder_instrument.h \
-    $ROCPROF_SRC/include/trace_decoder_types.h \
-    -o $BASE/rocprof.py
-  fixup $BASE/rocprof.py
-  sed -i '1s/^/# pylint: skip-file\n/' $BASE/rocprof.py
-  sed -i "s/import ctypes/import ctypes, ctypes.util/g" $BASE/rocprof.py
-  patch_dlopen $BASE/rocprof.py rocprof-trace-decoder "'/usr/local/lib/librocprof-trace-decoder.so'" "'/usr/local/lib/librocprof-trace-decoder.dylib'"
-  sed -i "s/def _try_dlopen_rocprof-trace-decoder():/def _try_dlopen_rocprof_trace_decoder():/g" $BASE/rocprof.py
-  sed -i "s|FunctionFactoryStub()|_try_dlopen_rocprof_trace_decoder()|g" $BASE/rocprof.py
-}
-
-generate_webgpu() {
-  clang2py extra/webgpu/webgpu.h -o $BASE/webgpu.py
-  fixup $BASE/webgpu.py
-  sed -i "s/FIXME_STUB/webgpu/g" "$BASE/webgpu.py"
-  sed -i "s/FunctionFactoryStub()/ctypes.CDLL(webgpu_support.WEBGPU_PATH)/g" "$BASE/webgpu.py"
-  sed -i "s/import ctypes/import ctypes, tinygrad.runtime.support.webgpu as webgpu_support/g" "$BASE/webgpu.py"
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.webgpu"
-}
-
-generate_libusb() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/libusb-1.0/libusb.h \
-    -o $BASE/libusb.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/libusb.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/libusb.py
-  sed -i "s/FIXME_STUB/libusb/g" "$BASE/libusb.py"
-  sed -i "s/libusb_le16_to_cpu = libusb_cpu_to_le16//g" "$BASE/libusb.py"
-  sed -i "s/FunctionFactoryStub()/None if (lib_path:=os.getenv('LIBUSB_PATH', ctypes.util.find_library('usb-1.0'))) is None else ctypes.CDLL(lib_path)/g" "$BASE/libusb.py"
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.libusb"
-}
-
-generate_mesa() {
-  MESA_TAG="mesa-25.2.4"
-  MESA_SRC=/tmp/mesa-$MESA_TAG
-  TINYMESA_TAG=tinymesa-32dc66c
-  TINYMESA_DIR=/tmp/tinymesa-$MESA_TAG-$TINYMESA_TAG/
-  TINYMESA_SO=$TINYMESA_DIR/libtinymesa_cpu.so
-  if [ ! -d "$MESA_SRC" ]; then
-    git clone --depth 1 --branch $MESA_TAG https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa.git $MESA_SRC
-    pushd .
-    cd $MESA_SRC
-    git reset --hard $MESA_COMMIT_HASH
-    # clang 14 doesn't support packed enums
-    sed -i "s/enum \w\+ \(\w\+\);$/uint8_t \1;/" $MESA_SRC/src/nouveau/headers/nv_device_info.h
-    sed -i "s/enum \w\+ \(\w\+\);$/uint8_t \1;/" $MESA_SRC/src/nouveau/compiler/nak.h
-    sed -i "s/nir_instr_type \(\w\+\);/uint8_t \1;/" $MESA_SRC/src/compiler/nir/nir.h
-    mkdir -p gen/util/format
-    python3 src/util/format/u_format_table.py src/util/format/u_format.yaml --enums > gen/util/format/u_format_gen.h
-    python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_opcodes_h.py > gen/nir_opcodes.h
-    python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_intrinsics_h.py --outdir gen
-    python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_intrinsics_indices_h.py --outdir gen
-    python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_builder_opcodes_h.py > gen/nir_builder_opcodes.h
-    python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_intrinsics_h.py --outdir gen
-    python3 src/compiler/builtin_types_h.py gen/builtin_types.h
-    popd
-  fi
-
-  if [ ! -d "$TINYMESA_DIR" ]; then
-    mkdir $TINYMESA_DIR
-    curl -L https://github.com/sirhcm/tinymesa/releases/download/$TINYMESA_TAG/libtinymesa_cpu-$MESA_TAG-linux-amd64.so -o $TINYMESA_SO
-  fi
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstu \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/compiler/nir/nir.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/compiler/nir/nir_builder.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/compiler/nir/nir_shader_compiler_options.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/compiler/nir/nir_serialize.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/gen/nir_intrinsics.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/nouveau/headers/nv_device_info.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/nouveau/compiler/nak.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_passmgr.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_misc.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_type.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_init.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_nir.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_struct.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_jit_types.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_flow.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld_const.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/compiler/glsl_types.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/util/blob.h \
-    $MESA_SRC/src/util/ralloc.h \
-    --clang-args="-DHAVE_ENDIAN_H -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -DHAVE_PTHREAD -I$MESA_SRC/src -I$MESA_SRC/include -I$MESA_SRC/gen -I$MESA_SRC/src/compiler/nir -I$MESA_SRC/src/gallium/auxiliary -I$MESA_SRC/src/gallium/include -I$(llvm-config-20 --includedir)" \
-    -l $TINYMESA_SO \
-    -o $BASE/mesa.py
-
-  LVP_NIR_OPTIONS=$(./extra/mesa/lvp_nir_options.sh $MESA_SRC)
-
-  fixup $BASE/mesa.py
-  patch_dlopen $BASE/mesa.py tinymesa_cpu "(BASE:=os.getenv('MESA_PATH', f\"/usr{'/local/' if helpers.OSX else '/'}lib\"))+'/libtinymesa_cpu'+(EXT:='.dylib' if helpers.OSX else '.so')" "f'{BASE}/libtinymesa{EXT}'" "'/opt/homebrew/lib/libtinymesa_cpu.dylib'" "'/opt/homebrew/lib/libtinymesa.dylib'"
-  echo "lvp_nir_options = gzip.decompress(base64.b64decode('$LVP_NIR_OPTIONS'))" >> $BASE/mesa.py
-  sed -i "/in_dll/s/.*/try: &\nexcept (AttributeError, ValueError): pass/" $BASE/mesa.py
-  sed -i "s/import ctypes/import ctypes, ctypes.util, os, gzip, base64, subprocess, tinygrad.helpers as helpers/" $BASE/mesa.py
-  sed -i "s/ctypes.CDLL('.\+')/(dll := _try_dlopen_tinymesa_cpu())/" $BASE/mesa.py
-  echo "def __getattr__(nm): raise AttributeError('LLVMpipe requires tinymesa_cpu' if 'tinymesa_cpu' not in dll._name else f'attribute {nm} not found') if dll else FileNotFoundError(f'libtinymesa not found (MESA_PATH={BASE}). See https://github.com/sirhcm/tinymesa ($TINYMESA_TAG, $MESA_TAG)')" >> $BASE/mesa.py
-  sed -i "s/ctypes.glsl_base_type/glsl_base_type/" $BASE/mesa.py
-  # bitfield bug in clang2py
-  sed -i "s/('fp_fast_math', ctypes.c_bool, 9)/('fp_fast_math', ctypes.c_uint32, 9)/" $BASE/mesa.py
-  sed -i "s/('\(\w\+\)', pipe_shader_type, 8)/('\1', ctypes.c_ubyte)/" $BASE/mesa.py
-  sed -i "s/\([0-9]\+\)()/\1/" $BASE/mesa.py
-  sed -i '/struct_nir_builder._pack_ = 1 # source:False/d' "$BASE/mesa.py"
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.mesa"
-}
-
-if [ "$1" == "opencl" ]; then generate_opencl
-elif [ "$1" == "hip" ]; then generate_hip
-elif [ "$1" == "comgr" ]; then generate_comgr
-elif [ "$1" == "cuda" ]; then generate_cuda
-elif [ "$1" == "nvrtc" ]; then generate_nvrtc
-elif [ "$1" == "hsa" ]; then generate_hsa
-elif [ "$1" == "kfd" ]; then generate_kfd
-elif [ "$1" == "nv" ]; then generate_nv
-elif [ "$1" == "amd" ]; then generate_amd
-elif [ "$1" == "am" ]; then generate_am
-elif [ "$1" == "sqtt" ]; then generate_sqtt
-elif [ "$1" == "qcom" ]; then generate_qcom
-elif [ "$1" == "io_uring" ]; then generate_io_uring
-elif [ "$1" == "ib" ]; then generate_ib
-elif [ "$1" == "libc" ]; then generate_libc
-elif [ "$1" == "llvm" ]; then generate_llvm
-elif [ "$1" == "kgsl" ]; then generate_kgsl
-elif [ "$1" == "adreno" ]; then generate_adreno
-elif [ "$1" == "pci" ]; then generate_pci
-elif [ "$1" == "vfio" ]; then generate_vfio
-elif [ "$1" == "webgpu" ]; then generate_webgpu
-elif [ "$1" == "libusb" ]; then generate_libusb
-elif [ "$1" == "mesa" ]; then generate_mesa
-elif [ "$1" == "all" ]; then generate_opencl; generate_hip; generate_comgr; generate_cuda; generate_nvrtc; generate_hsa; generate_kfd; generate_nv; generate_amd; generate_io_uring; generate_libc; generate_am; generate_webgpu; generate_mesa
-else echo "usage: $0 <type>"
-fi

examples/openpilot/compile3.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os, sys, pickle, time, re
 import numpy as np
+if "JIT_BATCH_SIZE" not in os.environ: os.environ["JIT_BATCH_SIZE"] = "0"
 
 from tinygrad import fetch, Tensor, TinyJit, Context, GlobalCounters, Device, dtypes
 from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv

extra/bandwidth_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, GlobalCounters, Context, dtypes
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, colored
+
+SZ = 8_000_000_000
+GPUS = getenv("GPUS", 4) # TODO: expose a way in tinygrad to access this
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  # create tensors
+  tens = [Tensor.ones(SZ, dtype=dtypes.uint8, device=f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}").contiguous() for i in range(GPUS)]
+  Tensor.realize(*tens)
+
+  bw = [[0.0]*GPUS for _ in range(GPUS)]
+  for i in range(GPUS):
+    for j in range(GPUS):
+      GlobalCounters.reset()
+      with Context(DEBUG=2):
+        if i == j:
+          # this copy would be optimized out, just add 1
+          (tens[i]+1).realize()
+        else:
+          tens[i].to(f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{j}").realize()
+      t = max(GlobalCounters.time_sum_s, 1e-9)
+      bw[i][j] = SZ / t / 1e9  # GB/s
+
+  def fmt(x):
+    c = "green" if x > 50 else "yellow" if x > 20 else "red"
+    return colored(f"{x:6.1f}", c)
+
+  # header
+  print(" " * 8 + " ".join(f"{'d'+str(j):>6}" for j in range(GPUS)))
+  # rows
+  for i in range(GPUS):
+    print(f"{'s'+str(i):>6} -> " + " ".join(fmt(x) for x in bw[i]))

extra/gemm/mi350x_uop_matmul_2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import os
+import numpy as np
+np.set_printoptions(linewidth=1000000)
+os.environ["AMD_LLVM"] = "0"
+
+from tinygrad import Tensor, Context, dtypes, UOp, GlobalCounters
+from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv
+from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import sint, AxisType, KernelInfo, Ops
+
+WARP_SIZE = 64
+
+# Reg tile sizes (tensor cores)
+TC_M = 16
+TC_N = 16
+TC_K = 32
+
+N,M,K = 4096,4096,4096
+
+# Threadblock tile sizes (block-level tile of C that a block computes)
+BLOCK_M = 64
+BLOCK_N = 64
+BLOCK_K = 64
+
+WARPGROUP_SIZE = 1
+BLOCK_M = BLOCK_M * WARPGROUP_SIZE
+
+TID_SIZE = WARPGROUP_SIZE*WARP_SIZE
+
+def copy(dest:UOp, src:UOp, rng:int, set=False, upcast=()):
+  assert dest.shape == src.shape
+  rngs = [UOp.range(s, rng+i, AxisType.UPCAST if i in upcast else AxisType.LOOP) for i,s in enumerate(src.shape)]
+  copy = dest[*rngs].store(src[*rngs]).end(*rngs)
+  return dest.after(copy) if set else copy
+
+def compute_on_locals(acc:UOp, Asl:UOp, Bsl:UOp, rng:int, afters:tuple[UOp, ...], warpgroup, warp) -> UOp:
+  K_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_K//TC_K, rng, AxisType.REDUCE)
+
+  # load from locals into registers
+  Ar = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE,), dtypes.half.vec(8), slot=1, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+  Br = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_N//TC_N,), dtypes.half.vec(8), slot=2, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+
+  M_load_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, rng+10)
+  Asl = Asl.reshape(BLOCK_K//TC_K, TC_K, BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, WARPGROUP_SIZE, TC_M)
+  load_rng = UOp.range(8, rng+11, axis_type=AxisType.UPCAST)
+  A_in = Asl[K_inner_loop, (warp//16)*8+load_rng, M_load_loop, warpgroup, warp%16].contract(load_rng)
+  Ar = Ar[M_load_loop].set(A_in, end=M_load_loop)
+
+  N_load_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_N//TC_N, rng+20)
+  Bsl = Bsl.reshape(BLOCK_K//TC_K, TC_K, BLOCK_N//TC_N, TC_N)
+  load_rng = UOp.range(8, rng+21, axis_type=AxisType.UPCAST)
+  B_in = Bsl[K_inner_loop, (warp//16)*8+load_rng, N_load_loop, warp%16].contract(load_rng)
+  Br = Br[N_load_loop].set(B_in, end=N_load_loop)
+
+  M_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, rng+30)
+  N_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_N//TC_N, rng+31)
+
+  # load values
+  acc_after = acc.after(*afters, M_inner_loop, N_inner_loop, K_inner_loop)
+  acc_load = acc_after[N_inner_loop, M_inner_loop]
+
+  # do WMMA
+  wmma_arg = ('WMMA_16_16_32_half_float', (16, 16, 32), dtypes.half, dtypes.float, 'AMD', 64, ((), (), ((3, 2), (2, 2))), ())
+  out = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float.vec(4), (Ar[M_inner_loop], Br[N_inner_loop], acc_load), arg=wmma_arg)
+
+  # store back the acc
+  acc_store = acc[N_inner_loop, M_inner_loop].store(out)
+  return acc_store.end(M_inner_loop, N_inner_loop, K_inner_loop)
+
+def custom_gemm(C:UOp, A:UOp, B:UOp) -> UOp:
+  gx, gy = UOp.special(M//BLOCK_M, "gidx0"), UOp.special(N//BLOCK_N, "gidx1")
+  K_outer_loop = UOp.range(K//BLOCK_K, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
+
+  # split out the globals into blocks
+  C = C.src[0].cast(dtypes.float.vec(4).ptr(C.ptrdtype.size)).reshape((M//BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, N//BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N))
+  A = A.reshape((M//BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, K//BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K))[gx, :, K_outer_loop, :]
+  B = B.reshape((K//BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K, N//BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N))[K_outer_loop, :, gy, :]
+
+  # ---------------------------
+  # GLOBAL -> LOCAL (As, Bs)
+  # ---------------------------
+  tid = UOp.special(TID_SIZE, "lidx0")
+  warpgroup, warp = tid//WARP_SIZE, tid%WARP_SIZE
+
+  A_view = A.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+  B_view = B.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+
+  # A: read BM x BK tiles (permute on store into locals)
+  As = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_M), dtypes.half, slot=0, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL).shrink_to(BLOCK_K, BLOCK_M)
+  As_view = As.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+
+  Bs = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_N+4), dtypes.half, slot=1, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL).shrink_to(BLOCK_K, BLOCK_N)
+  Bs_view = Bs.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+
+  outer_copy = UOp.range(A_view.shape[0], 100, AxisType.UPCAST)
+  inner_copy = UOp.range(A_view.shape[2], 101, AxisType.UPCAST)
+  As_store = As_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy].store(A_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy])
+  Bs_store = Bs_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy].store(B_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy])
+
+  if getenv("NOLOAD"):
+    As_store = As[0,0].store(0)
+    Bs_store = Bs[0,0].store(0)
+
+  # TODO: can we automate barrier?
+  barrier = UOp.barrier(UOp.group(As_store, Bs_store).end(outer_copy, inner_copy))
+
+  if getenv("COMPUTE"):
+    As, Bs = As.after(barrier), Bs.after(barrier)
+
+    acc = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_N//TC_N, BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE), dtypes.float.vec(4), 0, AddrSpace.REG)
+
+    sink = compute_on_locals(acc, As, Bs, 200, afters=(barrier,), warpgroup=warpgroup, warp=warp)
+    sink = sink.end(K_outer_loop)
+
+    C_view = C[gx, :, gy, :].reshape(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, WARPGROUP_SIZE, TC_M, BLOCK_N//TC_N, TC_N)[:, warpgroup, warp%16, :, (warp//16)*4]
+    sink = copy(C_view, acc.after(sink), rng=300)
+  else:
+    sink = C.after(barrier.end(K_outer_loop))[0,0,0,0].store(As[0,0]+Bs[0,0])
+
+  return sink.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="custom_gemm", opts_to_apply=())).simplify()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  a = Tensor.randn(M, K, dtype=dtypes.half)
+  b = Tensor.randn(K, N, dtype=dtypes.half)
+  c = Tensor.empty(M, N, dtype=dtypes.float)
+  with Context(DEBUG=0): Tensor.realize(a,b)
+
+
+  GlobalCounters.reset()
+  with Context(DEBUG=max(2, DEBUG.value), DEVECTORIZE=2):
+    tst = Tensor.custom_kernel(c, a, b, fxn=custom_gemm)[0]
+    tst.realize()
+  print(f"{(N*M*K*2 / GlobalCounters.time_sum_s)*1e-12:.2f} REAL TFLOPS")
+
+
+  with Context(DEBUG=0):
+    ref = a.dot(b, dtype=dtypes.float)
+    ref.realize()
+    #print(ref.numpy())
+    #print(tst.numpy())
+    assert Tensor.isclose(ref, tst, atol=1e-2).all().item(), "matrix not close"

extra/gemm/torch_gemm.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ MPS = getenv("MPS", 0)
 if getenv("FP16_ACC"): torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_fp16_accumulation = True
 
 for dtype in [torch.float32, torch.float16, torch.bfloat16]:
-  for N in [256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096]:
+  for N in [256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096] + ([6144, 8192] if getenv("BIG") else []):
     FLOPS = N*N*N*2
 
     b = torch.rand((N,N), dtype=dtype)

extra/gpuburn.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, TinyJit, dtypes
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv
+
+GPUS = getenv("GPUS", 4) # TODO: expose a way in tinygrad to access this
+N = 6144
+
+@TinyJit
+def many_matmul(A, B):
+  out = A
+  for _ in range(8): out = out@B
+  return out
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  A = Tensor.ones(GPUS, N, N, dtype=dtypes.half).shard(devices=tuple([f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}" for i in range(GPUS)]), axis=0).contiguous()
+  B = Tensor.ones(GPUS, N, N, dtype=dtypes.half).shard(devices=tuple([f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}" for i in range(GPUS)]), axis=0).contiguous()
+  while 1: many_matmul(A, B)

extra/hcqfuzz/tools.py

@@ -51,11 +51,15 @@ def create_report(dev, test, result, stdout, stderr):
   dmesg_output = subprocess.check_output(["sudo", "dmesg", "--ctime", "--color=never"], text=True)
   with open(dmesg_path, "w") as f: f.write(dmesg_output)
 
+  env_vars = " ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in test.env.items())
+  reproduce_cmd = f"{env_vars} {test.cmd}"
+
   summary_path = os.path.join(report_path, "summary.txt")
   with open(summary_path, "w") as f:
     f.write(f"Test: {test.name()}\n")
     f.write(f"Dev params: {vars(dev)}\n")
     f.write(f"Test params: {vars(test)}\n")
+    f.write(f"Reproduce cmd: {reproduce_cmd}\n")
     f.write(f"Exit Code: {result}\n")
 
   print(f"Crash report saved to {report_path}")

extra/mesa/lvp_nir_options.sh

@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@ trap 'rm -f "$TMP"' EXIT
 EOF
   sed -n '/struct nir_shader_compiler_options/,/^}/{p;/^}/q}' $1/src/gallium/drivers/llvmpipe/lp_screen.c
   echo "int main(void) { write(1, &gallivm_nir_options, sizeof(gallivm_nir_options)); }"
-) | cc -x c -o $TMP - -I$1/src/compiler/nir -I$1/src -I$1/include && $TMP | gzip | base64 -w0
+) | cc -x c -o $TMP - -I$1/src/compiler/nir -I$1/src -I$1/include || exit 1
 
+printf 'lvp_nir_options = gzip.decompress(base64.b64decode("%s"))' $("$TMP" | gzip | base64 -w0)

extra/mmapeak/mmapeak.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def launchBenchmark(instruction, vgprIndices, dense=True, accum=False, extra="")
   src = src.replace("DIRECTIVE", DIRECTIVE)
   lib = COMPILER.compile(src)
   fxn = AMDProgram(DEV, "matmul", lib)
-  elapsed = fxn(global_size=(NUM_WORKGROUPS,1,1), local_size=(WAVE_SIZE*NUM_WAVES,1,1), wait=True)
+  elapsed = min([fxn(global_size=(NUM_WORKGROUPS,1,1), local_size=(WAVE_SIZE*NUM_WAVES,1,1), wait=True) for _ in range(2)])
   FLOPs = FLOPS_PER_MATMUL * NUM_WAVES * NUM_WORKGROUPS * INTERNAL_LOOP * INSTRUCTIONS_PER_LOOP
   print(f"{instruction:<29} : {FLOPs/elapsed/10**12:.2f} T(FL)OPS")
 

extra/mmapeak/template.s

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
     .p2align 8
     .type matmul,@function
 matmul:
-    s_mov_b32 s1, INTERNAL_LOOP
-    s_mov_b32 s2, 0
-    inner_loop:
-        INSTRUCTION
-        s_sub_u32 s1, s1, 1
-        s_cmp_lg_i32 s1, s2
-        s_cbranch_scc1 inner_loop
-    s_endpgm
+  s_mov_b32 s1, INTERNAL_LOOP
+  s_mov_b32 s2, 0
+  inner_loop:
+    INSTRUCTION
+    s_sub_u32 s1, s1, 1
+    s_cmp_lg_i32 s1, s2
+    s_cbranch_scc1 inner_loop
+  s_endpgm
 
 .rodata
 .p2align 6

extra/nvJitLink.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * NVIDIA_COPYRIGHT_BEGIN
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * NVIDIA CORPORATION and its licensors retain all intellectual property
+ * and proprietary rights in and to this software, related documentation
+ * and any modifications thereto.  Any use, reproduction, disclosure or
+ * distribution of this software and related documentation without an express
+ * license agreement from NVIDIA CORPORATION is strictly prohibited.
+ *
+ * NVIDIA_COPYRIGHT_END
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef enum {
+  NVJITLINK_SUCCESS = 0,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_OPTION,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_MISSING_ARCH,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_PTX_COMPILE,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_NVVM_COMPILE,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_INTERNAL
+} nvJitLinkResult;
+
+typedef enum {
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_NONE = 0,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_CUBIN = 1,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_PTX,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_LTOIR,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_FATBIN,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_OBJECT,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_LIBRARY
+} nvJitLinkInputType;
+
+typedef struct nvJitLink* nvJitLinkHandle;
+
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkCreate(nvJitLinkHandle *handle, uint32_t numOptions, const char **options);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkDestroy(nvJitLinkHandle *handle);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkAddData(nvJitLinkHandle handle, nvJitLinkInputType inputType, const void *data, size_t size, const char *name);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkAddFile(nvJitLinkHandle handle, nvJitLinkInputType inputType, const char *fileName);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkComplete(nvJitLinkHandle handle);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin(nvJitLinkHandle handle, void *cubin);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *ptx);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetErrorLog(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *log);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetInfoLog(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *log);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkVersion(unsigned int *major, unsigned int *minor);

extra/nv_gpu_driver/clcec0qmd.h

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_GRID_HEIGHT_RESUME                        MW(271:256)
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_GRID_DEPTH_RESUME                         MW(287:272)
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE(i)                         MW((288+(i)*16):(288+(i)*16))
+#define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE0_ENABLE                           NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE(0)
+#define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE1_ENABLE                           NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE(1)
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE_FALSE                      0x00000000
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE_TRUE                       0x00000001
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_STRUCTURE_SIZE(i)                 MW((290+(i)*16):(289+(i)*16))

extra/nv_gpu_driver/nv_ioctl.py

@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ def install_hook(c_function, python_function):
   return orig_func
 
 # *** ioctl lib end ***
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv_gpu as nv_gpu
+from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import nv_570 as nv_gpu
 nvescs = {getattr(nv_gpu, x):x for x in dir(nv_gpu) if x.startswith("NV_ESC")}
 nvcmds = {getattr(nv_gpu, x):(x, getattr(nv_gpu, "struct_"+x+"_PARAMS", getattr(nv_gpu, "struct_"+x.replace("_CMD_", "_")+"_PARAMS", None))) for x in dir(nv_gpu) if \
           x.startswith("NV") and x[6:].startswith("_CTRL_") and isinstance(getattr(nv_gpu, x), int)}
 
 def get_classes():
-  hdrpy = (pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_gpu.py").read_text()
+  hdrpy = (pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_570.py").read_text()
   clss = re.search(r'NV01_ROOT.*?NV_SEMAPHORE_SURFACE = \(0x000000da\) # macro', hdrpy, re.DOTALL).group()
   pattern = r'([0-9a-zA-Z_]*) = +\((0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)\)'
   matches = re.findall(pattern, clss, re.MULTILINE)
@@ -272,4 +272,4 @@ def compare_launch_state(states, good_states):
 
   return True, "PASS"
 
-# IOCTL=1 CUDA=1 CUDA_PTX=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_tiny_add
+# IOCTL=1 CUDA=1 CUDA_PTX=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_tiny_add

extra/self_tokenize.py

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ import os, pathlib, argparse
 from examples.llama3 import Tokenizer
 from tabulate import tabulate
 from tinygrad import fetch
-from tinygrad.helpers import flatten
+from tinygrad.helpers import flatten, getenv
+from sz import NONCORE_DIRS
 
 # llama 3 tokenizer
 tokenizer = Tokenizer(fetch("https://huggingface.co/bofenghuang/Meta-Llama-3-8B/resolve/main/original/tokenizer.model").as_posix())
@@ -10,19 +11,15 @@ tokenizer = Tokenizer(fetch("https://huggingface.co/bofenghuang/Meta-Llama-3-8B/
 def read_code(base_path):
   ret = []
   for path, _, files in os.walk(os.path.join(base_path, "tinygrad")):
+    if not getenv("CORE") and any(path.split("./")[1].startswith(x) for x in NONCORE_DIRS): continue
     for name in files:
       if not name.endswith(".py"): continue
       if 'tinygrad/runtime/autogen' in path.replace('\\', '/'): continue
       fullpath = os.path.join(path, name)
       code = pathlib.Path(fullpath).read_text()
-      ret.append(("### " + fullpath.split("tinygrad/", 1)[1], code))
+      ret.append((fullpath.split("tinygrad/", 1)[1], code))
   return ret
 
-def write_code_to_file(filename, code_list):
-  """Writes the combined code to a specified file."""
-  with open(filename, 'w') as f:
-    f.write('\n'.join(flatten(code_list)))
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
   parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Analyze and optionally save tinygrad code.")
   parser.add_argument("--output", help="Output file to write the combined code to.")
@@ -32,10 +29,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
   table = []
   for name,code in ret:
-    table.append([name, len(tokenizer.encode(name+"\x00"+code))])
+    table.append([name, len(tokenizer.encode(code))])
   print(tabulate([["name", "llm tokens"]]+sorted(table, key=lambda x: -x[1]), headers="firstrow"))
 
-  code_str = '\x00'.join(flatten(ret))
+  banner = "#"*40
+  code_str = ''.join([f"{banner}\n# {name}\n{banner}\n\n{code}\n" for name,code in ret])
   print(f"code has {len(code_str)} chars")
   newline_count = code_str.count('\n')
   print(f"code has {newline_count} newlines")
@@ -44,5 +42,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
   print(f"code has {len(encoded)} tokens")
 
   if args.output:
-    write_code_to_file(args.output, ret)
-    print(f"Combined code written to {args.output}")
+    with open(args.output, 'w') as f: f.write(code_str)
+    print(f"Combined code written to {args.output}")

extra/sqtt/install_sqtt_decoder.py

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     lib = fp.parent/"rocprof-trace-decoder-macos-arm64-0.1.4-Darwin"/"lib"/"librocprof-trace-decoder.dylib"
     os.chmod(fp, 0o755)
     os.system(f"sudo {fp} --prefix={fp.parent} --include-subdir")
+    shutil.copy2(lib, DEST)
   else:
-    lib = fetch("https://github.com/ROCm/rocprof-trace-decoder/raw/43bf0fef74a83c3c25badfc5a09c0bd39ed8c6f9/releases/linux_glibc_2_28_x86_64/librocprof-trace-decoder.so", name="librocprof-trace-decoder.so")
-  shutil.copy2(lib, DEST)
+    lib = DEST/"librocprof-trace-decoder.so"
+    os.system("sudo curl -L https://github.com/ROCm/rocprof-trace-decoder/raw/43bf0fef74a83c3c25badfc5a09c0bd39ed8c6f9/releases/linux_glibc_2_28_x86_64/librocprof-trace-decoder.so -o"+str(lib))
+    os.system("sudo ldconfig")
   print(f"Installed {lib.name} to", DEST)

extra/sqtt/rgptool.py

@@ -185,9 +185,7 @@ class RGP:
       magic_number=sqtt.SQTT_FILE_MAGIC_NUMBER,
       version_major=sqtt.SQTT_FILE_VERSION_MAJOR,
       version_minor=sqtt.SQTT_FILE_VERSION_MINOR,
-      flags=sqtt.struct_sqtt_file_header_flags(
-        _0=sqtt.union_sqtt_file_header_flags_0(value=1),
-      ),
+      flags=sqtt.struct_sqtt_file_header_flags(value=1,),
       chunk_offset=ctypes.sizeof(sqtt.struct_sqtt_file_header),
     )
     chunks = [
@@ -265,7 +263,7 @@ class RGP:
         profiling_mode=sqtt.SQTT_PROFILING_MODE_PRESENT,
         instruction_trace_mode=sqtt.SQTT_INSTRUCTION_TRACE_FULL_FRAME if sqtt_itrace_enabled else sqtt.SQTT_INSTRUCTION_TRACE_DISABLED,
         instruction_trace_data=sqtt.union_sqtt_instruction_trace_data(
-          shader_engine_filter=sqtt.struct_sqtt_instruction_trace_data_shader_engine_filter(mask=sqtt_itrace_se_mask),
+          shader_engine_filter=sqtt.union_sqtt_instruction_trace_data_shader_engine_filter(mask=sqtt_itrace_se_mask),
         ),
       )),
       *flatten([(
@@ -276,13 +274,11 @@ class RGP:
           ),
           shader_engine_index=sqtt_event.se,
           sqtt_version={11: sqtt.SQTT_VERSION_3_2, 12: sqtt.SQTT_VERSION_3_3}.get(gfx_ver),
-          _0=sqtt.union_sqtt_file_chunk_sqtt_desc_0(
-            v1=sqtt.struct_sqtt_file_chunk_sqtt_desc_0_v1(
-              instrumentation_spec_version=1,
-              instrumentation_api_version=0,
-              compute_unit_index=0,
-            )
-          ),
+          v1=sqtt.struct_sqtt_file_chunk_sqtt_desc_0_v1(
+            instrumentation_spec_version=1,
+            instrumentation_api_version=0,
+            compute_unit_index=0,
+          )
         )),
         RGPChunk(sqtt.struct_sqtt_file_chunk_sqtt_data(
           header=sqtt.struct_sqtt_file_chunk_header(

extra/sqtt/roc.py

@@ -28,18 +28,6 @@ def llvm_disasm(arch:str, lib:bytes) -> dict[int, tuple[str, int]]:
     cur_off += instr_sz
   return addr_table
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass
-class InstInfo:
-  typ:str=""
-  inst:str=""
-  hit:int=0
-  lat:int=0
-  stall:int=0
-  def __str__(self): return f"{self.inst:>20} hits:{self.typ:>6} hits:{self.hit:>6} latency:{self.lat:>6} stall:{self.stall:>6}"
-
-  def on_ev(self, ev):
-    self.hit, self.lat, self.stall = self.hit + 1, self.lat + ev.duration, self.stall + ev.stall
-
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class InstExec:
   typ:str
@@ -48,25 +36,18 @@ class InstExec:
   dur:int
   time:int
 
-@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
-class PrgExec:
-  name:str
-  wave:int
-  cu:int
-  simd:int
-  def __str__(self): return f"{self.name},{self.wave},{self.cu},{self.simd}"
-
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class WaveExec:
   wave_id:int
   cu:int
   simd:int
+  begin_time:int
+  end_time:int
   insts:list[InstExec]
 
 class _ROCParseCtx:
   def __init__(self, dev_evs:dict[str, ProfileDeviceEvent], sqtt_evs:list[ProfileSQTTEvent], prog_evs:list[ProfileProgramEvent]):
     self.dev_evs, self.sqtt_evs, self.prog_evs = dev_evs, iter(sqtt_evs), prog_evs
-    self.wave_events:dict[PrgExec, dict[int, InstInfo]] = {}
     self.disasms:dict[tuple[str, int], tuple[str, int]] = {}
     self.inst_execs:dict[str, list[WaveExec]] = {}
 
@@ -79,7 +60,8 @@ class _ROCParseCtx:
     x = next(self.sqtt_evs, None)
     self.active_kern = x.kern if x is not None else None
     self.active_se = x.se if x is not None else None
-    return x
+    self.active_blob = (ctypes.c_ubyte * len(x.blob)).from_buffer_copy(x.blob) if x is not None else None
+    return self.active_blob
 
   def on_occupancy_ev(self, ev):
     if DEBUG >= 5: print("OCC", ev.time, self.active_se, ev.cu, ev.simd, ev.wave_id, ev.start)
@@ -87,19 +69,15 @@ class _ROCParseCtx:
   def on_wave_ev(self, ev):
     if DEBUG >= 5: print("WAVE", ev.wave_id, self.active_se, ev.cu, ev.simd, ev.contexts, ev.begin_time, ev.end_time)
 
-    asm:dict[int, InstInfo] = {}
     inst_execs:list[InstExec] = []
     for j in range(ev.instructions_size):
       inst_ev = ev.instructions_array[j]
-      inst_typ = rocprof.rocprofiler_thread_trace_decoder_inst_category_t__enumvalues[inst_ev.category]
+      inst_typ = rocprof.enum_rocprofiler_thread_trace_decoder_inst_category_t.get(inst_ev.category)
       inst_disasm = self.disasms[(unwrap(self.active_kern), unwrap(inst_ev.pc.address))][0]
-      asm.setdefault(inst_ev.pc.address, InstInfo(typ=inst_typ, inst=inst_disasm))
-      asm[inst_ev.pc.address].on_ev(inst_ev)
       inst_execs.append(InstExec(inst_typ, inst_disasm, inst_ev.stall, inst_ev.duration, inst_ev.time))
 
     if ev.instructions_size > 0:
-      self.wave_events[key:=PrgExec(unwrap(self.active_kern), ev.wave_id, ev.cu, ev.simd)] = asm
-      self.inst_execs.setdefault(key.name, []).append(WaveExec(ev.wave_id, ev.cu, ev.simd, inst_execs))
+      self.inst_execs.setdefault(unwrap(self.active_kern), []).append(WaveExec(ev.wave_id, ev.cu, ev.simd, ev.begin_time, ev.end_time, inst_execs))
 
 def decode(profile:list[ProfileEvent]) -> _ROCParseCtx:
   dev_events:dict[str, ProfileDeviceEvent] = {}
@@ -114,10 +92,10 @@ def decode(profile:list[ProfileEvent]) -> _ROCParseCtx:
 
   @rocprof.rocprof_trace_decoder_se_data_callback_t
   def copy_cb(buf, buf_size, data_ptr):
-    if (prof:=ROCParseCtx.next_sqtt()) is None: return 0
-    buf[0] = ctypes.cast((ctypes.c_ubyte * len(prof.blob)).from_buffer_copy(prof.blob), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte))
-    buf_size[0] = len(prof.blob)
-    return len(prof.blob)
+    if (prof_info:=ROCParseCtx.next_sqtt()) is None: return 0
+    buf[0] = ctypes.cast(prof_info, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte))
+    buf_size[0] = len(prof_info)
+    return len(prof_info)
 
   @rocprof.rocprof_trace_decoder_trace_callback_t
   def trace_cb(record_type, events_ptr, n, data_ptr):
@@ -127,7 +105,7 @@ def decode(profile:list[ProfileEvent]) -> _ROCParseCtx:
       case rocprof.ROCPROFILER_THREAD_TRACE_DECODER_RECORD_WAVE:
         for ev in (rocprof.rocprofiler_thread_trace_decoder_wave_t * n).from_address(events_ptr): ROCParseCtx.on_wave_ev(ev)
       case _:
-        if DEBUG >= 5: print(rocprof.rocprofiler_thread_trace_decoder_record_type_t__enumvalues[record_type], events_ptr, n)
+        if DEBUG >= 5: print(rocprof.enum_rocprofiler_thread_trace_decoder_record_type_t.get(record_type), events_ptr, n)
     return rocprof.ROCPROFILER_THREAD_TRACE_DECODER_STATUS_SUCCESS
 
   @rocprof.rocprof_trace_decoder_isa_callback_t
@@ -147,7 +125,7 @@ def decode(profile:list[ProfileEvent]) -> _ROCParseCtx:
 
   try:
     rocprof.rocprof_trace_decoder_parse_data(copy_cb, trace_cb, isa_cb, None)
-  except AttributeError as e: raise RuntimeError("Failed to find rocprof-trace-decoder. Run ./extra/sqtt/install_sqtt_decoder.py to install") from e
+  except AttributeError as e: raise RuntimeError("Failed to find rocprof-trace-decoder. Run sudo ./extra/sqtt/install_sqtt_decoder.py to install") from e
   return ROCParseCtx
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
@@ -157,7 +135,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
   with args.profile.open("rb") as f: profile = pickle.load(f)
   rctx = decode(profile)
-  print('SQTT:', rctx.wave_events.keys())
+  print('SQTT:', rctx.inst_execs.keys())
 
   for ev in profile:
     if not isinstance(ev, ProfilePMCEvent): continue

extra/sqtt/test_timing.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 os.environ["PYTHONPATH"] = "."
 os.environ["SQTT"] = "1"
-os.environ["AMD"] = "1"
+if "DEV" not in os.environ: os.environ["DEV"] = "AMD"
 os.environ["VIZ"] = "1"
 os.environ["AMD_LLVM"] = "0"
 
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ import sys, contextlib
 from tinygrad import Tensor
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes
 from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops, KernelInfo
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops, KernelInfo, AddrSpace
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner
 from tinygrad.device import Device, ProfileDeviceEvent
 
-from extra.sqtt.roc import decode, InstExec, PrgExec
+from extra.sqtt.roc import decode, WaveExec
 
-dev = Device["AMD"]
+dev = Device[os.environ["DEV"]]
 
 def custom(arg:str, s:UOp|None=None) -> UOp: return UOp(Ops.CUSTOM, src=(s,) if s is not None else (), arg=arg)
 
@@ -36,12 +36,13 @@ def asm_kernel(instrs:list[str], l:int=1, g:int=1) -> Tensor:
 def save_sqtt():
   # clear the old traces
   dev.profile_events.clear()
-  sqtt:dict[PrgExec, list[InstExec]] = {}
+  sqtt:dict[str, list[WaveExec]] = {}
   yield sqtt
   # decode sqtt
-  rctx = decode(dev.profile_events+[ProfileDeviceEvent("AMD", props=dev.device_props())])
-  assert len(rctx.inst_execs) > 0, "empty sqtt output"
-  sqtt.update(rctx.inst_execs)
+  if os.environ["DEV"] == "AMD":
+    rctx = decode(dev.profile_events+[ProfileDeviceEvent("AMD", props=dev.device_props())])
+    assert len(rctx.inst_execs) > 0, "empty sqtt output"
+    sqtt.update(rctx.inst_execs)
 
 class TestTiming(unittest.TestCase):
   def test_v_add(self):
@@ -62,18 +63,24 @@ class TestTiming(unittest.TestCase):
     assert all(s.stall == 0 for s in wave)
 
   def test_multi_cycle_inst(self):
+    def custom_vrcp(A, B):
+      op = custom("float a = 0.0;")
+      op = custom("float b = (*(data1_1+0));", op)
+      #op = custom('asm volatile("v_mul_f32_e32 %2 %2 %1" : "+v"(a) : "v"(b));', op)
+      op = custom('asm volatile("v_rcp_f32_e32 %2 %1" : "+v"(a) : "v"(b));', op)
+      op = custom('asm volatile("v_add_f32_e64 %1 %1 1.0" : "+v"(a));', op)
+      op = custom("*(data0_1+0) = a;", op)
+      return UOp.sink(op, A, B, arg=KernelInfo(name="custom_vrcp"))
+    out = Tensor([0.]).realize()
+    inp = Tensor([-2.0]).realize()
     with save_sqtt() as sqtt:
-      asm_kernel([
-        "v_mov_b32_e32 v4 0x3f800000",
-        "v_rcp_f32_e32 v5 v4",
-        "v_mul_f32_e32 v6 v5 v4",
-      ]).realize()
-    w = list(sqtt.values())[0]
-    rcp, mul = w[1], w[2]
-    self.assertGreater(rcp.dur, 1) # 4 cycles on gfx11
-    self.assertEqual(mul.dur, 1)
-    # mul depends on v5, how can it run before rcp is done?
-    self.assertGreaterEqual(mul.time, rcp.time+rcp.dur)
+      Tensor.custom_kernel(out, inp, fxn=custom_vrcp)[0].realize()
+
+    wave = list(sqtt.values())[0][0]
+    for i in range(len(wave.insts)):
+      if wave.insts[i].inst.startswith("global_store"):
+        print(f"store diff {wave.insts[i].time-(wave.insts[i-1].time)}")
+    self.assertEqual(out.item(), 0.5)
 
   def test_wmma(self):
     with save_sqtt() as sqtt:

extra/thunder/tiny/tk/group.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace, PtrDType
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, prod
 
 from extra.thunder.tiny.tk import WARP_THREADS
-from extra.thunder.tiny.tk.tiles import TILE_ROW_DIM, TILE_COL_DIM, RT_BASE_TILE_NEPT, slots
+from extra.thunder.tiny.tk.tiles import ALL_TILES, GL, ST, RT, RV
 
 class Group:
   def __init__(self, warps:int, ker):
@@ -27,23 +27,26 @@ class Group:
   # ops that only work on a single warp
 
   clear_rid = 1000
-  def clear(self, reg:UOp, value:float=0):
+  def clear(self, reg:ALL_TILES, value:float=0):
+    reg = cast(UOp, reg)
     assert self.warps == 1
 
-    i = UOp.range(reg.size, Group.clear_rid)
-    Group.clear_rid += 1
-    return reg.reshape((reg.size,))[i].set(value, end=i).after(reg).reshape(reg.shape)
+    rngs_for_shape = tuple(UOp.range(dim, Group.clear_rid + i) for i, dim in enumerate(reg.shape))
+    Group.clear_rid += len(reg.shape)
 
-  def zero(self, reg:UOp): return self.clear(reg, 0)
-  def neg_inf(self, reg:UOp): return self.clear(reg, -math.inf)
+    reg_store = reg[*rngs_for_shape].store(value).end(*rngs_for_shape)
+
+    self.ker.push_store(reg_store, reg)
+    return reg.after(reg_store).reshape(reg.shape)
+
+  def zero(self, reg:ALL_TILES): return self.clear(reg, 0)
+  def neg_inf(self, reg:ALL_TILES): return self.clear(reg, -math.inf)
 
   copy_rid = 300
-  def copy(self, dst:UOp, src:UOp):
+  def copy(self, dst:ALL_TILES, src:ALL_TILES):
+    dst, src = cast(UOp, dst), cast(UOp, src)
     assert self.warps == 1
-
     assert dst.shape == src.shape
-    assert cast(PtrDType, dst.dtype).addrspace == AddrSpace.REG
-    assert cast(PtrDType, src.dtype).addrspace == AddrSpace.REG
 
     rngs_for_shape = tuple(UOp.range(dim, Group.copy_rid + i) for i, dim in enumerate(dst.shape))
     Group.copy_rid += len(dst.shape)
@@ -53,57 +56,55 @@ class Group:
     self.ker.push_store(dst_store, dst)
     return dst.after(dst_store).reshape(dst.shape)
 
-  mma_rid = 600
-  def mma_AB(self, c:UOp, a:UOp, b:UOp, after=True):
+  def mma_AB(self, c:UOp|RT, a:UOp|RT, b:UOp|RT, after=True):
+    c, a, b = cast(UOp, c), cast(UOp, a), cast(UOp, b)
     assert self.warps == 1
 
-    mma_i_height = UOp.range(c.shape[-3], Group.mma_rid)
-    mma_i_width = UOp.range(c.shape[-2], Group.mma_rid+1)
-    mma_i_inner = UOp.range(a.shape[-2], Group.mma_rid+2, AxisType.REDUCE)
-    Group.mma_rid += 3
+    for height in self.ker.range(c.shape[-3], track=False):
+      for width in self.ker.range(c.shape[-2], track=False):
+        for inner in self.ker.range(a.shape[-2], AxisType.REDUCE, track=False):
+          wmma_arg = ("WMMA_8_16_16_bfloat16_float", (8, 16, 16), dtypes.bfloat16, dtypes.float, "CUDA", 32, (((4, 2), (3, 2), (8, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2))), ())
 
-    wmma_arg = ("WMMA_8_16_16_bfloat16_float", (8, 16, 16), dtypes.bfloat16, dtypes.float, "CUDA", 32, (((4, 2), (3, 2), (8, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2))), ())
+          a_in = UOp.vectorize(*[a[height, inner, i] for i in range(8)])
+          b_in1 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[inner, width, i] for i in range(2)] + [b[inner, width, 4+i] for i in range(2)]))
+          c_out1 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[height, width, i] for i in range(4)])
+          b_in2 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[inner, width, 2+i] for i in range(2)] + [b[inner, width, 6+i] for i in range(2)]))
+          c_out2 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[height, width, 4+i] for i in range(4)])
 
-    a_in = UOp.vectorize(*[a[mma_i_height, mma_i_inner, i] for i in range(8)])
-    b_in1 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[mma_i_inner, mma_i_width, i] for i in range(2)] + [b[mma_i_inner, mma_i_width, 4+i] for i in range(2)]))
-    c_out1 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, i] for i in range(4)])
-    b_in2 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[mma_i_inner, mma_i_width, 2+i] for i in range(2)] + [b[mma_i_inner, mma_i_width, 6+i] for i in range(2)]))
-    c_out2 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, 4+i] for i in range(4)])
-
-    out1 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in1, c_out1), arg=wmma_arg)
-    out2 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in2, c_out2), arg=wmma_arg)
-    c_i = [c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, i].store(out1.gep(i)) for i in range(4)] + [c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, 4+i].store(out2.gep(i)) for i in range(4)]
-    c_store = UOp.group(*c_i).end(mma_i_height, mma_i_width, mma_i_inner)
+          out1 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in1, c_out1), arg=wmma_arg)
+          out2 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in2, c_out2), arg=wmma_arg)
+          c_i = [c[height, width, i].store(out1.gep(i)) for i in range(4)] + [c[height, width, 4+i].store(out2.gep(i)) for i in range(4)]
+          c_store = UOp.group(*c_i).end(height, width, inner)
 
     self.ker.push_store(c_store, c)
     return c.after(c_store).reshape(c.shape) if after else c_store
 
-  def mma_ABt(self, c:UOp, a:UOp, b:UOp, after=True):
+  def mma_ABt(self, c:UOp|RT, a:UOp|RT, b:UOp|RT, after=True):
+    c, a, b = cast(UOp, c), cast(UOp, a), cast(UOp, b)
     assert self.warps == 1
 
-    mma_i_height = UOp.range(c.shape[-3], Group.mma_rid)
-    mma_i_width = UOp.range(c.shape[-2], Group.mma_rid+1)
-    mma_i_inner = UOp.range(a.shape[-2], Group.mma_rid+2, AxisType.REDUCE)
-    Group.mma_rid += 3
+    for height in self.ker.range(c.shape[-3], track=False):
+      for width in self.ker.range(c.shape[-2], track=False):
+        for inner in self.ker.range(a.shape[-2], AxisType.REDUCE, track=False):
+          wmma_arg = ("WMMA_8_16_16_bfloat16_float", (8, 16, 16), dtypes.bfloat16, dtypes.float, "CUDA", 32, (((4, 2), (3, 2), (8, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2))), ())
 
-    wmma_arg = ("WMMA_8_16_16_bfloat16_float", (8, 16, 16), dtypes.bfloat16, dtypes.float, "CUDA", 32, (((4, 2), (3, 2), (8, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2)), ((4, 2), (3, 2))), ())
+          a_in = UOp.vectorize(*[a[height, inner, i] for i in range(8)])
+          b_in1 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[width, inner, i] for i in range(2)] + [b[width, inner, 4+i] for i in range(2)]))
+          c_out1 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[height, width, i] for i in range(4)])
+          b_in2 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[width, inner, 2+i] for i in range(2)] + [b[width, inner, 6+i] for i in range(2)]))
+          c_out2 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[height, width, 4+i] for i in range(4)])
 
-    a_in = UOp.vectorize(*[a[mma_i_height, mma_i_inner, i] for i in range(8)])
-    b_in1 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[mma_i_width, mma_i_inner, i] for i in range(2)] + [b[mma_i_width, mma_i_inner, 4+i] for i in range(2)]))
-    c_out1 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, i] for i in range(4)])
-    b_in2 = UOp.vectorize(*([b[mma_i_width, mma_i_inner, 2+i] for i in range(2)] + [b[mma_i_width, mma_i_inner, 6+i] for i in range(2)]))
-    c_out2 = UOp.vectorize(*[c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, 4+i] for i in range(4)])
-
-    out1 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in1, c_out1), arg=wmma_arg)
-    out2 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in2, c_out2), arg=wmma_arg)
-    c_i = [c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, i].store(out1.gep(i)) for i in range(4)] + [c[mma_i_height, mma_i_width, 4+i].store(out2.gep(i)) for i in range(4)]
-    c_store = UOp.group(*c_i).end(mma_i_height, mma_i_width, mma_i_inner)
+          out1 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in1, c_out1), arg=wmma_arg)
+          out2 = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float32.vec(4), (a_in, b_in2, c_out2), arg=wmma_arg)
+          c_i = [c[height, width, i].store(out1.gep(i)) for i in range(4)] + [c[height, width, 4+i].store(out2.gep(i)) for i in range(4)]
+          c_store = UOp.group(*c_i).end(height, width, inner)
 
     self.ker.push_store(c_store, c)
     return c.after(c_store).reshape(c.shape) if after else c_store
 
   map_rid = 400
-  def map(self, a:UOp, op:Callable[[UOp], UOp]|Callable[[UOp, tuple], UOp]):
+  def map(self, a:ALL_TILES, op:Callable[[UOp], UOp]|Callable[[UOp, tuple], UOp]):
+    a = cast(UOp, a)
     assert self.warps == 1
 
     rngs_for_shape = tuple(UOp.range(dim, Group.map_rid + i) for i, dim in enumerate(a.shape))
@@ -119,30 +120,42 @@ class Group:
     self.ker.push_store(a_store, a)
     return a.after(a_store).reshape(a.shape)
 
-  def row_reduce(self, vec:UOp, src:UOp, op:Callable[[UOp, UOp], UOp]):
+  def row_reduce(self, vec:UOp|RV, src:UOp|RT, op:Callable[[UOp, UOp], UOp]):
+    vec, src = cast(UOp, vec), cast(UOp, src)
     assert self.warps == 1
 
-    red_local = UOp.placeholder((self.group_threads, 2), src.dtype.base, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL, slot=slots.shared_slot)
-    slots.shared_slot += 1
+    red_local = self.ker.alloc((self.group_threads, 2), src.dtype.base, AddrSpace.LOCAL)
+    red_reg = self.ker.alloc((2,), src.dtype.base, AddrSpace.REG)
 
     for height in self.ker.range(src.shape[-3], track=False):
-      for i_outer in self.ker.range(2, track=False):
+      i = UOp.range(red_reg.size, Group.clear_rid)
+      Group.clear_rid += 1
+      red_reg = red_reg.after(height, *[tkr._rng for tkr in self.ker.range_stack])
+      reg_store = red_reg.flatten()[i].store(0.).end(i)
+      red_reg = red_reg.after(reg_store).reshape(red_reg.shape)
+
+      for outer in self.ker.range(2, track=False):
         for width in self.ker.range(src.shape[-2], AxisType.REDUCE, track=False):
-          for i_inner in self.ker.range(4, AxisType.REDUCE, track=False):
-            elem_index = i_inner + 2 * (i_inner // 2) + i_outer * 2
-            vec_store = vec[height, 0, i_outer].store(op(vec[height, 0, i_outer], src[height, width, elem_index])).end(width, i_inner, i_outer)
-            vec = vec.after(vec_store).reshape(vec.shape)
+          for inner in self.ker.range(4, AxisType.REDUCE, track=False):
+            elem_index = inner + 2 * (inner // 2) + outer * 2
+            reg_store = red_reg[outer].store(op(red_reg[outer], src[height, width, elem_index])).end(inner, width, outer)
+            red_reg = red_reg.after(reg_store).reshape(red_reg.shape)
 
       # store to shared memory
-      for i_outer in self.ker.range(2, track=False):
-        red_local_store = red_local[self.laneid, i_outer].store(vec[height, 0, i_outer]).end(i_outer)
-        red_local = red_local.after(red_local_store).reshape(red_local.shape)
+      for outer in self.ker.range(2, track=False):
+        red_local_store = red_local[self.laneid, outer].store(red_reg[outer]).end(outer)
+        red_local = red_local.after(red_local_store.barrier()).reshape(red_local.shape)
 
       # reduce from shared memory
-      for i_outer in self.ker.range(2, track=False):
-        for i_inner in self.ker.range(3, AxisType.REDUCE, track=False):
-          offset = (self.laneid // 4) * 4 + ((self.laneid + 1 + i_inner) % 4)
-          vec_store = vec[height, 0, i_outer].store(op(vec[height, 0, i_outer], red_local[offset, i_outer])).end(i_inner, i_outer)
+      for outer in self.ker.range(2, track=False):
+        for inner in self.ker.range(3, AxisType.REDUCE, track=False):
+          offset = (self.laneid // 4) * 4 + ((self.laneid + inner + 1) % 4)
+          reg_store = red_reg[outer].store(op(red_reg[outer], red_local[offset, outer])).end(inner, outer)
+          red_reg = red_reg.after(reg_store).reshape(red_reg.shape)
+
+      # reduce with vec
+      for outer in self.ker.range(2, track=False):
+        vec_store = vec[height, 0, outer].store(op(vec[height, 0, outer], red_reg[outer])).end(outer, height)
 
     self.ker.push_store(vec_store, vec)
     return vec.after(vec_store).reshape(vec.shape)
@@ -150,39 +163,37 @@ class Group:
   # ops that can work across multiple warps
 
   LOAD_INNER = 8
-  load_rid = 100
-  def load(self, dst:UOp, src:UOp, dst_idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), axis:int=0, transpose:bool=False):
+  def load(self, dst:ALL_TILES, src:ALL_TILES, dst_idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), axis:int=0, transpose:bool=False):
+    dst, src = cast(UOp, dst), cast(UOp, src)
     assert isinstance(dst.dtype, PtrDType) and isinstance(src.dtype, PtrDType)
     dst_dtype, src_dtype = cast(PtrDType, dst.dtype), cast(PtrDType, src.dtype)
     if dst_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.REG and src_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.LOCAL:
       srcf = src.flatten(-2)
 
-      load_i_height = UOp.range(dst.shape[-3], Group.load_rid)
-      load_i_width = UOp.range(dst.shape[-2], Group.load_rid+1)
-      load_i_inner = UOp.range(RT_BASE_TILE_NEPT, Group.load_rid+2)
-      Group.load_rid += 3
-
       if self.warps % 4 == 0: local_warpid = (self.warpid // 4) + (self.warpid % 4) * (self.warps // 4)
       else: local_warpid = self.warpid
       warp_laneid = self.threadIdx_x % WARP_THREADS
 
-      if not transpose:
-        row = (local_warpid * dst.shape[-3] + load_i_height) * TILE_ROW_DIM + (warp_laneid // 4)
-        col = load_i_width * TILE_COL_DIM + 2 * (warp_laneid % 4)
+      for height in self.ker.range(dst.shape[-3], track=False):
+        for width in self.ker.range(dst.shape[-2], track=False):
+          for inner in self.ker.range(RT.BASE_TILE_NEPT, track=False):
+            if not transpose:
+              row = (local_warpid * dst.shape[-3] + height) * RT.BASE_TILE_ROWS + (warp_laneid // 4)
+              col = width * RT.BASE_TILE_COLS + 2 * (warp_laneid % 4)
 
-        row_offset = ((load_i_inner % 4) // 2) * 8
-        col_offset = (load_i_inner % 2) + (load_i_inner // 4) * 8
-      else:
-        row = (local_warpid * dst.shape[-3] + load_i_height) * TILE_ROW_DIM + 2 * (warp_laneid % 4)
-        col = load_i_width * TILE_COL_DIM + (warp_laneid // 4)
+              row_offset = ((inner % 4) // 2) * 8
+              col_offset = (inner % 2) + (inner // 4) * 8
+            else:
+              row = (local_warpid * dst.shape[-3] + height) * RT.BASE_TILE_ROWS + 2 * (warp_laneid % 4)
+              col = width * RT.BASE_TILE_COLS + (warp_laneid // 4)
 
-        row_offset = (load_i_inner % 2) + (load_i_inner // 4) * 8
-        col_offset = ((load_i_inner % 4) // 2) * 8
+              row_offset = (inner % 2) + (inner // 4) * 8
+              col_offset = ((inner % 4) // 2) * 8
 
-      src_i_last = (row + row_offset) * src.shape[-1] + col + col_offset
+            src_i_last = (row + row_offset) * src.shape[-1] + col + col_offset
 
-      dst_store = dst[*dst_idxs, load_i_height, load_i_width, load_i_inner].store(srcf[*idxs[:-2], src_i_last])
-      dst_store = dst_store.end(load_i_height, load_i_width, load_i_inner)
+            dst_store = dst[*dst_idxs, height, width, inner].store(srcf[*idxs[:-2], src_i_last])
+            dst_store = dst_store.end(height, width, inner)
     elif dst_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.LOCAL and src_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.GLOBAL:
       dstf = dst.flatten(-2)
 
@@ -196,50 +207,46 @@ class Group:
       memcpy_per_row = dst.shape[-1] // Group.LOAD_INNER
       total_calls = prod(dst.shape[-2:]) // (self.group_threads * Group.LOAD_INNER)
 
-      load_i_outer = UOp.range(total_calls, Group.load_rid)
-      load_i_inner = UOp.range(Group.LOAD_INNER, Group.load_rid+1)
-      Group.load_rid += 2
+      for outer in self.ker.range(total_calls, track=False):
+        for inner in self.ker.range(Group.LOAD_INNER, track=False):
+          load_idx = outer * self.group_threads + self.laneid
+          row = load_idx // memcpy_per_row
+          col = (load_idx * Group.LOAD_INNER) % dst.shape[-1]
 
-      load_idx = load_i_outer * self.group_threads + self.laneid
-      row = load_idx // memcpy_per_row
-      col = (load_idx * Group.LOAD_INNER) % dst.shape[-1]
+          dst_i = row * dst.shape[-1] + col + inner
+          src_i += row * row_stride + col + inner
 
-      dst_i = row * dst.shape[-1] + col + load_i_inner
-      src_i += row * row_stride + col + load_i_inner
-
-      dst_store = dstf[*dst_idxs, dst_i].store(srcf[src_i]).end(load_i_outer, load_i_inner)
+          dst_store = dstf[*dst_idxs, dst_i].store(srcf[src_i]).end(outer, inner)
     else:
       raise NotImplementedError(f"load from {src_dtype.addrspace} to {dst_dtype.addrspace} not implemented")
 
     return dst.after(dst_store.barrier()).reshape(dst.shape)
 
   STORE_INNER = 8
-  store_rid = 200
-  def store(self, dst:UOp, src:UOp, idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), src_idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), axis=0, after=True):
+  def store(self, dst:ALL_TILES, src:ALL_TILES, idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), src_idxs:tuple[UOp|int,...]=(), axis=0, after=True):
+    dst, src = cast(UOp, dst), cast(UOp, src)
     assert isinstance(dst.dtype, PtrDType) and isinstance(src.dtype, PtrDType)
     dst_dtype, src_dtype = cast(PtrDType, dst.dtype), cast(PtrDType, src.dtype)
     if src_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.REG and dst_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.LOCAL:
       dstf = dst.flatten(-2)
 
-      store_i_height = UOp.range(src.shape[-3], Group.store_rid)
-      store_i_width = UOp.range(src.shape[-2], Group.store_rid+1)
-      store_i_inner = UOp.range(RT_BASE_TILE_NEPT, Group.store_rid+2)
-      Group.store_rid += 3
-
       if self.warps % 4 == 0: local_warpid = (self.warpid // 4) + (self.warpid % 4) * (self.warps // 4)
       else: local_warpid = self.warpid
       warp_laneid = self.threadIdx_x % WARP_THREADS
 
-      row = (local_warpid * src.shape[-3] + store_i_height) * TILE_ROW_DIM + (warp_laneid // 4)
-      col = store_i_width * TILE_COL_DIM + 2 * (warp_laneid % 4)
+      for height in self.ker.range(src.shape[-3], track=False):
+        for width in self.ker.range(src.shape[-2], track=False):
+          for inner in self.ker.range(RT.BASE_TILE_NEPT, track=False):
+            row = (local_warpid * src.shape[-3] + height) * RT.BASE_TILE_ROWS + (warp_laneid // 4)
+            col = width * RT.BASE_TILE_COLS + 2 * (warp_laneid % 4)
 
-      row_offset = ((store_i_inner % 4) // 2) * 8
-      col_offset = (store_i_inner % 2) + (store_i_inner // 4) * 8
+            row_offset = ((inner % 4) // 2) * 8
+            col_offset = (inner % 2) + (inner // 4) * 8
 
-      dst_i_last = (row + row_offset) * dst.shape[-1] + col + col_offset
+            dst_i_last = (row + row_offset) * dst.shape[-1] + col + col_offset
 
-      dst_store = dstf[*idxs[:-2], dst_i_last].store(src[*src_idxs, store_i_height, store_i_width, store_i_inner])
-      dst_store = dst_store.end(store_i_height, store_i_width, store_i_inner)
+            dst_store = dstf[*idxs[:-2], dst_i_last].store(src[*src_idxs, height, width, inner])
+            dst_store = dst_store.end(height, width, inner)
     elif src_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.LOCAL and dst_dtype.addrspace == AddrSpace.GLOBAL:
       dstf = dst.flatten()
       row_stride = prod(dst.shape[axis+1:])
@@ -253,18 +260,16 @@ class Group:
       memcpy_per_row = src.shape[-1] // Group.STORE_INNER
       total_calls = prod(src.shape[-2:]) // (self.group_threads * Group.STORE_INNER)
 
-      store_i_outer = UOp.range(total_calls, Group.store_rid)
-      store_i_inner = UOp.range(Group.STORE_INNER, Group.store_rid+1)
-      Group.store_rid += 2
+      for outer in self.ker.range(total_calls, track=False):
+        for inner in self.ker.range(Group.STORE_INNER, track=False):
+          load_idx = outer * self.group_threads + self.laneid
+          row = load_idx // memcpy_per_row
+          col = (load_idx * Group.STORE_INNER) % src.shape[-1]
 
-      load_idx = store_i_outer * self.group_threads + self.laneid
-      row = load_idx // memcpy_per_row
-      col = (load_idx * Group.STORE_INNER) % src.shape[-1]
+          src_i = row * src.shape[-1] + col + inner
+          dst_i += row * row_stride + col + inner
 
-      src_i = row * src.shape[-1] + col + store_i_inner
-      dst_i += row * row_stride + col + store_i_inner
-
-      dst_store = dstf[dst_i].store(srcf[*src_idxs, src_i]).end(store_i_outer, store_i_inner)
+          dst_store = dstf[dst_i].store(srcf[*src_idxs, src_i]).end(outer, inner)
     else:
       raise NotImplementedError(f"store from {src_dtype.addrspace} to {dst_dtype.addrspace} not implemented")
 

extra/thunder/tiny/tk/kernel.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, KernelInfo, AxisType
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, KernelInfo, AxisType, AddrSpace
 from extra.thunder.tiny.tk import WARP_THREADS
 from extra.thunder.tiny.tk.group import Group
+from extra.thunder.tiny.tk.tiles import GL, ST, RT, RV
 
 class _tk_range:
   user_rid = 0
@@ -25,6 +26,11 @@ class Kernel(AbstractContextManager):
     self.range_stack = []
     self.store_stack = []
 
+    self.global_slot = 0
+    self.shared_slot = 0
+    self.register_slot = 0
+    self.allocs = {}
+
   @property
   def warpid(self): return self.threadIdx_x // WARP_THREADS
 
@@ -42,6 +48,31 @@ class Kernel(AbstractContextManager):
     if track: self.range_stack.append(rng)
     return rng
 
+  def alloc(self, shape, dtype, addrspace:AddrSpace, name:str|None=None):
+    match addrspace:
+      case AddrSpace.GLOBAL:
+        slot = self.global_slot
+        self.global_slot += 1
+      case AddrSpace.LOCAL:
+        slot = self.shared_slot
+        self.shared_slot += 1
+      case AddrSpace.REG:
+        slot = self.register_slot
+        self.register_slot += 1
+
+    uop = UOp.placeholder(shape, dtype, slot=slot, addrspace=addrspace)
+
+    if name:
+      if (name, shape) in self.allocs: return self.allocs[(name, shape)]
+      self.allocs[(name, shape)] = uop
+
+    return uop
+
+  def gl(self, shape, dtype): return GL.create(shape, dtype, self)
+  def st(self, shape, dtype): return ST.create(shape, dtype, self)
+  def rt(self, shape, dtype): return RT.create(shape, dtype, self)
+  def rv(self, length, dtype, layout="naive"): return RV.create(length, dtype, layout, self)
+
   def push_store(self, store:UOp, uop:UOp): self.store_stack.append((store, uop))
 
   def finish(self):
@@ -49,7 +80,7 @@ class Kernel(AbstractContextManager):
     rngs = []
     while self.range_stack: rngs.append(self.range_stack.pop(0)._rng)
 
-    return self.store_stack.pop()[0].end(*rngs).sink(arg=KernelInfo(opts_to_apply=())).simplify()
+    return self.store_stack.pop()[0]._uop.end(*rngs).sink(arg=KernelInfo(opts_to_apply=())).simplify()
 
   def endrange(self):
     last_store = self.store_stack.pop()

extra/thunder/tiny/tk/tiles.py

@@ -1,52 +1,143 @@
-import math
-from typing import cast, Callable
-from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, Context, GlobalCounters, dtypes
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import AxisType, UOp, KernelInfo, Ops
-from tinygrad.engine.realize import ExecItem, get_runner
-from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace, PtrDType
-from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, prod
+import functools
+from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace
+from tinygrad.mixin import MathMixin
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops
 
 from extra.thunder.tiny.tk import WARP_THREADS
 
-class _Slots:
-  def __init__(self):
-    self.global_slot = 0
-    self.shared_slot = 0
-    self.register_slot = 0
-slots = _Slots()
+def unwrap(x):
+  if hasattr(x, "_uop"): return x._uop
+  if isinstance(x, (list, tuple)): return type(x)(unwrap(y) for y in x)
+  if isinstance(x, dict): return {k: unwrap(v) for k,v in x.items()}
+  return x
 
-def gl(shape, dtype):
-  slots.global_slot += 1
-  return UOp.placeholder(shape, dtype, slot=slots.global_slot-1)
+def wrap(x, ker, cls):
+  if isinstance(x, UOp): return cls(x, ker)
+  if isinstance(x, (list, tuple)): return type(x)(wrap(y, ker, cls) for y in x)
+  return x
 
-shared_slot = 0
-def st(shape, dtype):
-  slots.shared_slot += 1
-  return UOp.placeholder(shape, dtype, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL, slot=slots.shared_slot-1)
+def autowrap(source_cls, blacklist=None):
+  if blacklist is None:
+    blacklist = {
+      "__init__", "__new__", "__str__", "__del__", "__repr__", "__dict__", "__getattribute__",
+      "__setattr__", "__delattr__", "__weakref__", "__slots__", "__class__",
+      "__reduce__", "__reduce_ex__", "__getstate__", "__setstate__", "__hash__"
+    }
 
-TILE_ROW_DIM, TILE_COL_DIM = 16, 16
-RT_BASE_TILE_NE = TILE_ROW_DIM * TILE_COL_DIM
-RT_BASE_TILE_NEPT = RT_BASE_TILE_NE // WARP_THREADS
-register_slot = 0
-def rt(shape, dtype):
-  assert len(shape) == 2
+  def decorator(cls):
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+      uop = object.__getattribute__(self, "_uop")
+      val = getattr(uop, name)
+      if callable(val):
+        @functools.wraps(val)
+        def proxy(*args, **kwargs):
+          return wrap(val(*unwrap(args), **unwrap(kwargs)), self.ker, cls)
+        return proxy
+      if name in UOp.__slots__: return val
+      return wrap(val, self.ker, cls)
+    cls.__getattr__ = __getattr__
 
-  height = shape[0] // TILE_ROW_DIM
-  width = shape[1] // TILE_COL_DIM
+    for name in dir(source_cls):
+      if name in blacklist or not name.startswith("__"): continue
 
-  slots.register_slot += 1
-  return UOp.placeholder((height, width, RT_BASE_TILE_NEPT), dtype, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG, slot=slots.register_slot-1)
+      for base in cls.mro():
+        if base is source_cls: break
+        if name in base.__dict__: break
+      else:
+        original = getattr(source_cls, name)
+        if callable(original):
+          def make_proxy(op_name, func):
+            def proxy(self, *args, **kwargs):
+              return wrap(func(self._uop, *unwrap(args), **unwrap(kwargs)), self.ker, cls)
+            return proxy
+          setattr(cls, name, make_proxy(name, original))
 
-def rv(length, dtype, layout="naive"):
-  tiles = length // TILE_ROW_DIM
-  match layout:
-    case "naive":
-      inner_dim = 1
-      outer_dim = (tiles + 1) // 2
-    case "ortho":
-      inner_dim = 1
-      outer_dim = tiles
-    case _: raise NotImplementedError(f"rv layout {layout} not implemented")
+    return cls
+  return decorator
 
-  slots.register_slot += 1
-  return UOp.placeholder((outer_dim, inner_dim, 2), dtype, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG, slot=slots.register_slot-1)
+class TileMathMixin(MathMixin):
+  def alu(self, op, *src, inner_op=lambda x:x):
+    assert isinstance(self, (RT, RV))
+    if len(src) == 0:
+      if self._uop._shape is None: uop = UOp.alu(self._uop, op)
+      else: uop = self.ker.warp.map(self._uop, lambda x: UOp.alu(x, op))
+    elif len(src) == 1:
+      if self._uop._shape is None: uop = UOp.alu(self._uop, op, inner_op(self._uop.ufix(src[0])))
+      elif isinstance(src[0], (int,float,bool)): uop = self.ker.warp.map(self._uop, lambda x: UOp.alu(x, op, inner_op(x.ufix(src[0]))))
+      elif src[0]._shape is None: uop = UOp.alu(self._uop, op, inner_op(self._uop.ufix(src[0])))
+      else:
+        if isinstance(self, RT) and isinstance(src[0], RV): uop = self.ker.warp.map(self._uop, lambda x, idx: UOp.alu(x, op, inner_op(src[0]._uop[idx[0], 0, (idx[2]%4)//2])))
+        else: uop = self.ker.warp.map(self._uop, lambda x, idx: UOp.alu(x, op, inner_op(src[0]._uop[*idx])))
+    else: raise NotImplementedError
+    return type(self)(uop, self.ker)
+  def const_like(self, b): return b
+
+  # override ops that do compute on the src uop
+  def sub(self, x, reverse=False):
+    return self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.ADD, self, inner_op=lambda y: -y) if reverse else self.alu(Ops.ADD, self.ufix(x), inner_op=lambda y: -y)
+  def div(self, x, reverse=False):
+    return self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.MUL, self, inner_op=lambda y: 1/y) if reverse else self.alu(Ops.MUL, self.ufix(x), inner_op=lambda y: 1/y)
+
+@autowrap(UOp)
+class GL:
+  def __init__(self, uop, ker):
+    self._uop, self.ker = uop, ker
+
+  @classmethod
+  def create(cls, shape, dtype, ker):
+    uop = ker.alloc(shape, dtype, AddrSpace.GLOBAL)
+    return cls(uop, ker)
+
+@autowrap(UOp)
+class ST:
+  def __init__(self, uop, ker):
+    self._uop, self.ker = uop, ker
+
+  @classmethod
+  def create(cls, shape, dtype, ker):
+    uop = ker.alloc(shape, dtype, AddrSpace.LOCAL)
+    return cls(uop, ker)
+
+@autowrap(UOp)
+class RT(TileMathMixin):
+  BASE_TILE_ROWS, BASE_TILE_COLS = 16, 16
+  BASE_TILE_NE = BASE_TILE_ROWS * BASE_TILE_COLS
+  BASE_TILE_NEPT = BASE_TILE_NE // WARP_THREADS
+
+  def __init__(self, uop, ker):
+    self._uop, self.ker = uop, ker
+
+  @classmethod
+  def create(cls, shape, dtype, ker):
+    assert len(shape) == 2
+    assert shape[0] % RT.BASE_TILE_ROWS == 0
+    assert shape[1] % RT.BASE_TILE_COLS == 0
+
+    height = shape[0] // RT.BASE_TILE_ROWS
+    width = shape[1] // RT.BASE_TILE_COLS
+
+    uop = ker.alloc((height, width, RT.BASE_TILE_NEPT), dtype, AddrSpace.REG)
+    return cls(uop, ker)
+
+@autowrap(UOp)
+class RV(TileMathMixin):
+  def __init__(self, uop, ker):
+    self._uop, self.ker = uop, ker
+
+  @classmethod
+  def create(cls, length, dtype, layout, ker):
+    tiles = length // RT.BASE_TILE_ROWS
+
+    match layout:
+      case "naive":
+        inner_dim = 1
+        outer_dim = (tiles + 1) // 2
+      case "ortho":
+        inner_dim = 1
+        outer_dim = tiles
+      case _: raise NotImplementedError(f"rv layout {layout} not implemented")
+
+    uop = ker.alloc((outer_dim, inner_dim, 2), dtype, AddrSpace.REG)
+    return RV(uop, ker)
+
+ALL_TILES = UOp | GL | ST | RT | RV

extra/usbgpu/patch.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 import sys, os, zlib, struct, hashlib
-from hexdump import hexdump
 from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv, fetch
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.usb import USB3
 

mypy.ini

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[mypy]
-warn_unused_configs = True
-files = tinygrad
-ignore_missing_imports = True
-check_untyped_defs = True
-explicit_package_bases = True
-warn_unreachable = True
-warn_redundant_casts = True
-# NOTE: had to comment this out to make mypy pass on both CI and OSX
-#warn_unused_ignores = True

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+[project]
+name = "tinygrad"
+version = "0.11.0"
+description = "You like pytorch? You like micrograd? You love tinygrad! <3"
+authors = [{ name = "George Hotz" }]
+
+classifiers = ["Programming Language :: Python :: 3"]
+
+license = 'MIT'
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
+dependencies = []
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+include-package-data = true
+packages = [
+  'tinygrad',
+  'tinygrad.apps',
+  'tinygrad.codegen',
+  'tinygrad.codegen.opt',
+  'tinygrad.codegen.late',
+  'tinygrad.engine',
+  'tinygrad.mixin',
+  'tinygrad.nn',
+  'tinygrad.renderer',
+  'tinygrad.runtime',
+  'tinygrad.runtime.autogen',
+  'tinygrad.runtime.autogen.am',
+  'tinygrad.runtime.graph',
+  'tinygrad.runtime.support',
+  'tinygrad.runtime.support.am',
+  'tinygrad.runtime.support.nv',
+  'tinygrad.schedule',
+  'tinygrad.uop',
+  'tinygrad.viz',
+]
+
+[tool.setuptools.package-data]
+tinygrad = ["py.typed"]
+"tinygrad.viz" = ["index.html", "assets/**/*", "js/*"]
+
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+arm = ["unicorn"]
+triton = ["triton-nightly>=2.1.0.dev20231014192330"]
+linting = [
+  "pylint",
+  "mypy==1.18.1",
+  "typing-extensions",
+  "pre-commit",
+  "ruff",
+  "numpy",
+  "typeguard",
+]
+# mlperf = [
+#   "mlperf-logging @ git+https://github.com/mlperf/[email protected]",
+# ]
+testing_minimal = [
+  "numpy",
+  "torch==2.9.0",
+  "pytest",
+  "pytest-xdist",
+  "pytest-timeout",
+  "pytest-split",
+  "hypothesis",
+  "z3-solver",
+]
+testing_unit = ["tinygrad[testing_minimal]", "tqdm", "safetensors", "tabulate"]
+testing = [
+  "tinygrad[testing_minimal]",
+  "pillow",
+  "onnx==1.18.0",
+  "onnx2torch",
+  "onnxruntime",
+  "opencv-python",
+  "tabulate",
+  "tqdm",
+  "safetensors",
+  "transformers",
+  "sentencepiece",
+  "tiktoken",
+  "blobfile",
+  "librosa",
+  # librosa needs numba but uv ignores python upper bounds and some numba versions require <python3.10
+  "numba>=0.55",
+  "networkx",
+  "nibabel",
+  "bottle",
+  "ggml-python",
+  "capstone",
+  "pycocotools",
+  "boto3",
+  "pandas",
+  "influxdb3-python",
+]
+docs = [
+  "mkdocs",
+  "mkdocs-material",
+  "mkdocstrings[python]",
+  "markdown-callouts",
+  "markdown-exec[ansi]",
+  "black",
+  "numpy",
+]
+
+
+[tool.mutmut]
+paths_to_mutate = ["tinygrad/"]
+do_not_mutate = [
+  "tinygrad/apps/*",
+  "tinygrad/codegen/*",
+  "tinygrad/engine/*",
+  "tinygrad/nn/*",
+  "tinygrad/renderer/*",
+  "tinygrad/runtime/*",
+  "tinygrad/schedule/*",
+  "tinygrad/uop/*",
+  "tinygrad/viz/*",
+  "tinygrad/device.py",
+  "tinygrad/dtype.py",
+  "tinygrad/gradient.py",
+  "tinygrad/helpers.py",
+  "tinygrad/tensor.py",
+]
+tests_dir = ["test/test_tiny.py", "test/test_ops.py"]
+debug = true
+
+
+[tool.mypy]
+warn_unused_configs = true
+files = ["tinygrad"]
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+check_untyped_defs = true
+explicit_package_bases = true
+warn_unreachable = true
+warn_redundant_casts = true
+# NOTE: had to comment this out to make mypy pass on both CI and OSX
+#warn_unused_ignores = true
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+norecursedirs = [
+  "extra",
+  ".hypothesis",
+  ".git",
+]
+timeout = 300
+timeout_method = "thread"
+timeout_func_only = true
+testpaths = ["test"]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+preview = true
+target-version = "py311"
+line-length = 150
+indent-width = 2
+exclude = [
+  ".git/",
+  "docs/",
+  "extra/",
+  "test/external/mlperf_resnet",
+  "test/external/mlperf_unet3d",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+  "F",  # Pyflakes
+  "W6",
+  "E71",
+  "E72",
+  "E112",   # no-indented-block
+  "E113",   # unexpected-indentation
+  # "E124",
+  "E203",   # whitespace-before-punctuation
+  "E272",   # multiple-spaces-before-keyword
+  "E275",   # missing-whitespace-after-keyword
+  "E303",   # too-many-blank-lines
+  "E304",   # blank-line-after-decorator
+  "E501",   # line-too-long
+  # "E502",
+  "E702",   # multiple-statements-on-one-line-semicolon
+  "E703",   # useless-semicolon
+  "E731",   # lambda-assignment
+  "W191",   # tab-indentation
+  "W291",   # trailing-whitespace
+  "W293",   # blank-line-with-whitespace
+  "UP039",  # unnecessary-class-parentheses
+  "C416",   # unnecessary-comprehension
+  "RET506", # superfluous-else-raise
+  "RET507", # superfluous-else-continue
+  "A",      # builtin-variable-shadowing, builtin-argument-shadowing, builtin-attribute-shadowing
+  "FURB110",# if-exp-instead-of-or-operator
+  "RUF018", # assignment-in-assert
+]
+
+# detect unused imports in examples
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+"examples/**/*.py" = [
+  "W6",
+  "E71",
+  "E72",
+  "E112",
+  "E113",
+  "E203",
+  "E272",
+  "E275",
+  "E303",
+  "E304",
+  "E501",
+  "E702",
+  "E703",
+  "E731",
+  "W191",
+  "W291",
+  "W293",
+  "UP039",
+  "C416",
+  "RET506",
+  "RET507",
+  "A",
+  "FURB110",
+  "RUF018",
+  "F541",
+  "F841",
+]
+"tinygrad/runtime/autogen/**/*.py" = ["E501", "F401", "E722", "E731", "F821", "A006"]
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+exclude = ["*"]

pytest.ini

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-norecursedirs =
-    extra
-    .hypothesis
-    .git
-timeout = 300
-timeout_method = thread
-timeout_func_only = true
-testpaths = test

ruff.toml

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-indent-width = 2
-preview = true
-target-version = "py311"
-
-lint.select = [
-  "F",  # Pyflakes
-  "W6",
-  "E71",
-  "E72",
-  "E112",   # no-indented-block
-  "E113",   # unexpected-indentation
-  # "E124",
-  "E203",   # whitespace-before-punctuation
-  "E272",   # multiple-spaces-before-keyword
-  "E275",   # missing-whitespace-after-keyword
-  "E303",   # too-many-blank-lines
-  "E304",   # blank-line-after-decorator
-  "E501",   # line-too-long
-  # "E502",
-  "E702",   # multiple-statements-on-one-line-semicolon
-  "E703",   # useless-semicolon
-  "E731",   # lambda-assignment
-  "W191",   # tab-indentation
-  "W291",   # trailing-whitespace
-  "W293",   # blank-line-with-whitespace
-  "UP039",  # unnecessary-class-parentheses
-  "C416",   # unnecessary-comprehension
-  "RET506", # superfluous-else-raise
-  "RET507", # superfluous-else-continue
-  "A",      # builtin-variable-shadowing, builtin-argument-shadowing, builtin-attribute-shadowing
-  "FURB110",# if-exp-instead-of-or-operator
-  "RUF018", # assignment-in-assert
-]
-
-line-length = 150
-
-exclude = [
-  ".git/",
-  "docs/",
-  "extra/",
-  "tinygrad/runtime/autogen",
-  "test/external/mlperf_resnet",
-  "test/external/mlperf_unet3d",
-]
-
-# detect unused imports in examples
-[lint.per-file-ignores]
-"examples/**/*.py" = [
-  "W6", "E71", "E72", "E112", "E113", "E203", "E272", "E275",
-  "E303", "E304", "E501", "E702", "E703", "E731", "W191",
-  "W291", "W293", "UP039", "C416", "RET506", "RET507", "A",
-  "FURB110", "RUF018", "F541", "F841"
-]
-
-[format]
-exclude = ["*"]

setup.cfg

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-[mutmut]
-paths_to_mutate=tinygrad
-do_not_mutate=
-  tinygrad/apps/*
-  tinygrad/codegen/*
-  tinygrad/engine/*
-  tinygrad/nn/*
-  tinygrad/renderer/*
-  tinygrad/runtime/*
-  tinygrad/schedule/*
-  tinygrad/uop/*
-  tinygrad/viz/*
-  tinygrad/device.py
-  tinygrad/dtype.py
-  tinygrad/gradient.py
-  tinygrad/helpers.py
-  tinygrad/tensor.py
-tests_dir=
-  test/test_tiny.py
-  test/test_ops.py
-debug=true

setup.py

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-from pathlib import Path
-from setuptools import setup
-
-directory = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
-with open(directory / 'README.md', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-  long_description = f.read()
-
-testing_minimal = [
-  "numpy",
-  "torch==2.9.0",
-  "pytest",
-  "pytest-xdist",
-  "pytest-timeout",
-  "pytest-split",
-  "hypothesis",
-  "z3-solver",
-]
-
-setup(name='tinygrad',
-      version='0.11.0',
-      description='You like pytorch? You like micrograd? You love tinygrad! <3',
-      author='George Hotz',
-      license='MIT',
-      long_description=long_description,
-      long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
-      packages = [
-        'tinygrad',
-        'tinygrad.apps',
-        'tinygrad.codegen',
-        'tinygrad.codegen.opt',
-        'tinygrad.codegen.late',
-        'tinygrad.engine',
-        'tinygrad.mixin',
-        'tinygrad.nn',
-        'tinygrad.renderer',
-        'tinygrad.runtime',
-        'tinygrad.runtime.autogen',
-        'tinygrad.runtime.autogen.am',
-        'tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv',
-        'tinygrad.runtime.graph',
-        'tinygrad.runtime.support',
-        'tinygrad.runtime.support.am',
-        'tinygrad.runtime.support.nv',
-        'tinygrad.schedule',
-        'tinygrad.uop',
-        'tinygrad.viz',
-      ],
-      package_data = {'tinygrad': ['py.typed'], 'tinygrad.viz': ['index.html', 'assets/**/*', 'js/*']},
-      classifiers=[
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-        "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License"
-      ],
-      install_requires=[],
-      python_requires='>=3.11',
-      extras_require={
-        'arm': ["unicorn"],
-        'triton': ["triton-nightly>=2.1.0.dev20231014192330"],
-        'linting': [
-            "pylint",
-            "mypy==1.18.1",
-            "typing-extensions",
-            "pre-commit",
-            "ruff",
-            "numpy",
-            "typeguard",
-        ],
-        #'mlperf': ["mlperf-logging @ git+https://github.com/mlperf/[email protected]"],
-        'testing_minimal': testing_minimal,
-        'testing_unit': testing_minimal + [
-            "tqdm",
-            "safetensors",
-            "tabulate",  # for sz.py
-        ],
-        'testing': testing_minimal + [
-            "pillow",
-            "onnx==1.18.0",
-            "onnx2torch",
-            "onnxruntime",
-            "opencv-python",
-            "tabulate",
-            "tqdm",
-            "safetensors",
-            "transformers",
-            "sentencepiece",
-            "tiktoken",
-            "blobfile",
-            "librosa",
-            "numba>=0.55",  # librosa needs numba but uv ignores python upper bounds and some numba versions require <python3.10
-            "networkx",
-            "nibabel",
-            "bottle",
-            "ggml-python",
-            "capstone",
-            "pycocotools",
-            "boto3",
-            "pandas",
-            "influxdb3-python"
-        ],
-        'docs': [
-            "mkdocs",
-            "mkdocs-material",
-            "mkdocstrings[python]",
-            "markdown-callouts",
-            "markdown-exec[ansi]",
-            "black",
-            "numpy",
-        ],
-      },
-      include_package_data=True)

test/external/external_benchmark_op_cat.py

@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-# ruff: noqa: E501 E712
-from tinygrad import dtypes, Device
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, AxisType, Ops, KernelInfo
-from tinygrad.codegen import full_rewrite
-from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
-from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner
-from tinygrad.helpers import dedup
-from tinygrad.device import Buffer
-from tinygrad.dtype import ImageDType, Invalid
-
-c0 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(1576), (), 0)
-c2 = UOp.range(1576, 20, AxisType.LOOP)
-c5 = c2<55
-c6 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 16, 4)), (), 1)
-c8 = UOp.range(16, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c11 = UOp.range(4, 1, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c14 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((14, 64, 4)), (), 2)
-c25 = c5.where((c2%4*4+c11+c8*16+c2//4*256), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c27 = c6.index((c8*4+c11))*c14.index(c25)
-c29 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(55), (), 3)
-c30 = c5.where(c2, UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c34 = c5.where((c27.reduce(c8, c11, arg=Ops.ADD)+c29.index(c30)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c38 = c2<87
-c39 = (c5!=True)&c38
-c40 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 8, 4)), (), 4)
-c42 = UOp.range(8, 2, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c44 = UOp.range(4, 3, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c47 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((8, 32, 4)), (), 5)
-c49 = c2+1
-c51 = c49%4*4
-c57 = c49//4*128
-c61 = c39.where((c51+c44+c42*16+c57+-1792), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c63 = c40.index((c42*4+c44))*c47.index(c61)
-c65 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(32), (), 6)
-c68 = c39.where((c2+-55), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c71 = c39.where((c63.reduce(c42, c44, arg=Ops.ADD)+c65.index(c68)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c75 = c2<99
-c76 = (c38!=True)&c75
-c77 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 8, 4)), (), 7)
-c78 = UOp.range(8, 4, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c80 = UOp.range(4, 5, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c83 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((3, 32, 4)), (), 8)
-c90 = c76.where((c51+c80+c78*16+c57+-2816), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c92 = c77.index((c78*4+c80))*c83.index(c90)
-c94 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(12), (), 9)
-c97 = c76.where((c2+-87), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c100 = c76.where((c92.reduce(c78, c80, arg=Ops.ADD)+c94.index(c97)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c104 = c2<105
-c105 = (c75!=True)&c104
-c106 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 8, 4)), (), 10)
-c107 = UOp.range(8, 6, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c109 = UOp.range(4, 7, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c112 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((2, 32, 4)), (), 11)
-c119 = c105.where((c51+c109+c107*16+c57+-3200), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c121 = c106.index((c107*4+c109))*c112.index(c119)
-c123 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(6), (), 12)
-c126 = c105.where((c2+-99), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c129 = c105.where((c121.reduce(c107, c109, arg=Ops.ADD)+c123.index(c126)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c133 = c2<117
-c134 = (c104!=True)&c133
-c135 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 8, 4)), (), 13)
-c136 = UOp.range(8, 8, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c138 = UOp.range(4, 9, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c141 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((3, 32, 4)), (), 14)
-c143 = c2+3
-c145 = c143%4*4
-c149 = c143//4
-c150 = c149*128
-c154 = c134.where((c145+c138+c136*16+c150+-3456), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c156 = c135.index((c136*4+c138))*c141.index(c154)
-c158 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(12), (), 15)
-c161 = c134.where((c2+-105), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c164 = c134.where((c156.reduce(c136, c138, arg=Ops.ADD)+c158.index(c161)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c168 = c2<645
-c169 = (c133!=True)&c168
-c170 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 16, 4)), (), 16)
-c171 = UOp.range(16, 10, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c173 = UOp.range(4, 11, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c176 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((132, 64, 4)), (), 17)
-c180 = c149*256
-c184 = c169.where((c145+c173+c171*16+c180+-7680), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c186 = c170.index((c171*4+c173))*c176.index(c184)
-c188 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(528), (), 18)
-c191 = c169.where((c2+-117), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c194 = c169.where((c186.reduce(c171, c173, arg=Ops.ADD)+c188.index(c191)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c198 = c2<653
-c199 = (c168!=True)&c198
-c200 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 4, 4)), (), 19)
-c201 = UOp.range(4, 12, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c203 = UOp.range(4, 13, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c206 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((2, 16, 4)), (), 20)
-c215 = c199.where((c145+c203+c201*16+c149*64+-10368), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c217 = c200.index((c201*4+c203))*c206.index(c215)
-c219 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(8), (), 21)
-c222 = c199.where((c2+-645), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c225 = c199.where((c217.reduce(c201, c203, arg=Ops.ADD)+c219.index(c222)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c229 = c2<917
-c230 = (c198!=True)&c229
-c231 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 8, 4)), (), 22)
-c232 = UOp.range(8, 14, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c234 = UOp.range(4, 15, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c237 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((66, 32, 4)), (), 23)
-c244 = c230.where((c145+c234+c232*16+c150+-20992), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c246 = c231.index((c232*4+c234))*c237.index(c244)
-c248 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(264), (), 24)
-c251 = c230.where((c2+-653), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c254 = c230.where((c246.reduce(c232, c234, arg=Ops.ADD)+c248.index(c251)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c258 = c2<1061
-c259 = (c229!=True)&c258
-c260 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 16, 4)), (), 25)
-c261 = UOp.range(16, 16, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c263 = UOp.range(4, 17, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c266 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((36, 64, 4)), (), 26)
-c273 = c259.where((c145+c263+c261*16+c180+-58880), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c275 = c260.index((c261*4+c263))*c266.index(c273)
-c277 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(144), (), 27)
-c280 = c259.where((c2+-917), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c283 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(144), (), 28)
-c286 = c259.where(((c275.reduce(c261, c263, arg=Ops.ADD)+c277.index(c280))*c283.index(c280)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c290 = c2<1064
-c291 = (c258!=True)&c290
-c292 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 4, 4)), (), 29)
-c293 = UOp.range(4, 18, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c295 = UOp.range(4, 19, AxisType.REDUCE)
-c298 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 16, 4)), (), 30)
-c305 = c291.where((c2*4+c295+c293*16+-4244), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c307 = c292.index((c293*4+c295))*c298.index(c305)
-c309 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(3), (), 31)
-c312 = c291.where((c2+-1061), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c315 = c291.where((c307.reduce(c293, c295, arg=Ops.ADD)+c309.index(c312)), UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0))
-c317 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 128, 4)), (), 32)
-c321 = (c290!=True).where((c2+-1064), UOp.const(dtypes.index, Invalid))
-c323 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(1), (), 33)
-c328 = c290.where(UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0), (c317.index(c321)*c323.index(UOp.const(dtypes.index, 0)).reciprocal()))
-c329 = c34+c71+c100+c129+c164+c194+c225+c254+c286+c315+c328
-c331 = c0.index(c2, ptr=True).store(c329).end(c2)
-ast = c331.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="cat", opts_to_apply=None))
-
-compiler = Device.default.compiler
-renderer = Device.default.renderer
-allocator = Device.default.allocator
-
-uops = full_rewrite(ast, renderer)
-src = renderer.render(uops)
-
-# NOLOCALS=1 IMAGE=2 DEV=CL
-lib = compiler.compile(src)
-
-ps = ProgramSpec("cat", src, Device.DEFAULT, ast, uops)
-# print(ps.src)
-# print(ps.applied_opts)
-# NOTE: this is faster with no GROUP and with NOLOCALS
-# (Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=1, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=19, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=17, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=15, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=13, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=11, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=9, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=7, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=5, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=3, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=1, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.NOLOCALS, axis=None, arg=None))
-cr = CompiledRunner(ps, precompiled=lib)
-
-gs = sorted(dedup([u for u in ast.toposort() if u.op is Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL]), key=lambda u: u.arg)
-print(len(gs))
-print([g.dtype for g in gs])
-
-bufs = [Buffer(ps.device, g.size, g.dtype if isinstance(g.dtype, ImageDType) else g.dtype._base).ensure_allocated() for g in gs]
-
-t = cr(bufs, wait=True)
-print(f"{t*1e6:.2f} us")

test/external/external_benchmark_op_conv.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# ruff: noqa: E501 E712
+# ruff: noqa: E501 E712 F401
 from tinygrad import dtypes, Device
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, AxisType, Ops, KernelInfo
 from tinygrad.codegen import full_rewrite
-# from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt, OptOps
+from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt, OptOps # pylint: disable=unused-import
 from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner
 from tinygrad.helpers import dedup, getenv
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ def vision_conv_143():
   c67 = c0.index((c2*128+c5+c8*4096), ptr=True).store(c65).end(c8, c2, c5)
 
   opts = None
+  # JITBEAM=2
+  # (Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=2, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.NOLOCALS, axis=None, arg=None), Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=2, arg=2), Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=1, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.SWAP, axis=1, arg=2))
   return c67.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="conv", opts_to_apply=opts))
 
 def vision_conv_153():
@@ -57,9 +59,32 @@ def vision_conv_153():
   c67 = c0.index((c2*256+c5+c8*4096), ptr=True).store(c65).end(c8, c2, c5)
 
   opts = None
+  # JITBEAM=2
+  # (Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=2, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.NOLOCALS, axis=None, arg=None), Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=2, arg=2), Opt(op=OptOps.SWAP, axis=1, arg=2))
   return c67.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="conv", opts_to_apply=opts))
 
-ast = vision_conv_143() if getenv("NUM", 143) == 143 else vision_conv_153()
+def dm_conv_172():
+  c0 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((1, 240, 4)), (), 0)
+  c2 = UOp.range(960, 4, AxisType.LOOP)
+  c5 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((8, 384, 4)), (), 1)
+  c7 = UOp.range(32, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
+  c10 = UOp.range(4, 1, AxisType.REDUCE)
+  c13 = UOp.range(12, 3, AxisType.REDUCE)
+  c18 = UOp.range(8, 2, AxisType.REDUCE)
+  c23 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.imageh((240, 128, 4)), (), 2)
+  c35 = c5.index((c7*4+c10+c13*128+c18*1536))*c23.index((c10*4+c2%4+c7*16+c2//4*512))
+  c37 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(960), (), 3)
+  c39 = c35.reduce(c7, c10, arg=Ops.ADD)+c37.index(c2)
+  c50 = (1.0+((c39+0.044708251953125*(c39*(c39*c39)))*-2.3021129851685216).exp2()).reciprocal()*c39
+  c53 = c50.reduce(c18, c13, arg=Ops.ADD)*0.010416666666666666
+  c55 = c0.index(c2, ptr=True).store(c53).end(c2)
+
+  opts = None
+  # JITBEAM=2
+  # (Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=0, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.GROUPTOP, axis=1, arg=32), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=1, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.LOCAL, axis=0, arg=8), Opt(op=OptOps.UNROLL, axis=0, arg=4), Opt(op=OptOps.GROUP, axis=1, arg=0))
+  return c55.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="conv", opts_to_apply=opts))
+
+ast = {143: vision_conv_143, 153: vision_conv_153, 172: dm_conv_172}[getenv("NUM", 143)]()
 
 compiler = Device.default.compiler
 renderer = Device.default.renderer

test/external/external_openpilot_image_warp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import time
+from tinygrad.tensor import Tensor, Device
+
+MODEL_WIDTH = 512
+MODEL_HEIGHT = 256
+MODEL_FRAME_SIZE = MODEL_WIDTH * MODEL_HEIGHT * 3 // 2
+IMG_INPUT_SHAPE = (1, 12, 128, 256)
+
+def tensor_arange(end): return Tensor([float(i) for i in range(end)])
+def tensor_round(tensor:Tensor): return (tensor + 0.5).floor()
+
+h_src, w_src = 1208, 1928
+h_dst, w_dst = MODEL_HEIGHT, MODEL_WIDTH
+x = tensor_arange(w_dst).reshape(1, w_dst).expand(h_dst, w_dst)
+y = tensor_arange(h_dst).reshape(h_dst, 1).expand(h_dst, w_dst)
+ones = Tensor.ones_like(x)
+dst_coords = x.reshape((1,-1)).cat(y.reshape((1,-1))).cat(ones.reshape((1,-1)))
+
+def warp_perspective_tinygrad(src:Tensor, M_inv:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+  src_coords = M_inv @ dst_coords
+  src_coords = src_coords / src_coords[2:3, :]
+
+  x_src = src_coords[0].reshape(h_dst, w_dst)
+  y_src = src_coords[1].reshape(h_dst, w_dst)
+
+  x_nearest = tensor_round(x_src).clip(0, w_src - 1).cast('int')
+  y_nearest = tensor_round(y_src).clip(0, h_src - 1).cast('int')
+
+  # TODO: make 2d indexing fast
+  idx = y_nearest*src.shape[1] + x_nearest
+  dst = src.flatten()[idx]
+  return dst.reshape(h_dst, w_dst)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  from tinygrad.engine.jit import TinyJit
+  update_img_jit = TinyJit(warp_perspective_tinygrad, prune=True)
+
+  step_times = []
+  for _ in range(10):
+    # regenerate inputs
+    inputs = [Tensor.randn(1928,1208), Tensor.randn(3,3)]
+    Tensor.realize(*inputs)
+    Device.default.synchronize()
+
+    # do the warp
+    st = time.perf_counter()
+    out = update_img_jit(*inputs)
+    mt = time.perf_counter()
+    val = out.contiguous().realize()
+    Device.default.synchronize()
+    et = time.perf_counter()
+
+    # measure the time
+    step_times.append((et-st)*1e3)
+    print(f"enqueue {(mt-st)*1e3:6.2f} ms -- total run {step_times[-1]:6.2f} ms")

test/external/external_test_onnx_backend.py

@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ backend_test.exclude('test_dequantizelinear_e5m2_cpu')
 backend_test.exclude('test_dequantizelinear_float4e2m1_cpu')
 
 # we don't support indexes
-backend_test.exclude('test_nonzero_*')
 
 # no support for int pow
 backend_test.exclude('test_pow_types_int32_int32_cpu')

test/mockgpu/amd/amdgpu.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ remu = _try_dlopen_remu()
 def create_sdma_packets():
   # TODO: clean up this, if we want to keep it
   structs = {}
-  for name,pkt in [(name,s) for name,s in amd_gpu.__dict__.items() if name.startswith("struct_SDMA_PKT_") and name.endswith("_TAG")]:
+  for name,pkt in [(name,s) for name,s in amd_gpu.__dict__.items() if name.startswith("rocr_AMD_SDMA_PKT_") and name.endswith("_TAG")]:
     names = set()
     fields = []
     for pkt_fields in pkt._fields_:
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def create_sdma_packets():
           # merge together 64-bit fields, otherwise just append them
           if fname.endswith("_63_32") and fields[-1][0].endswith("_31_0"): fields[-1] = tuple([fname[:-6], ctypes.c_ulong, 64])
           else: fields.append(tuple([fname, *union_fields[1:]]))
-    new_name = name[16:-4].lower()
+    new_name = name[18:-4].lower()
     structs[new_name] = init_c_struct_t(tuple(fields))
     assert ctypes.sizeof(structs[new_name]) == ctypes.sizeof(pkt), f"{ctypes.sizeof(structs[new_name])} != {ctypes.sizeof(pkt)}"
   return type("SDMA_PKTS", (object, ), structs)

test/mockgpu/cuda/cuda.py

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def cuStreamWaitEvent(stream: Any, event, flags: int) -> int: return orig_cuda.C
 def cuCtxSynchronize() -> int: return orig_cuda.CUDA_SUCCESS
 
 def cuGetErrorString(error: int, pStr) -> int:
-  error_str = orig_cuda.cudaError_enum__enumvalues.get(error, "Unknown CUDA error").encode()
+  error_str = orig_cuda.enum_cudaError_enum.get(error, "Unknown CUDA error").encode()
   buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(error_str)
   # Set the pointer to point to our error string buffer
   pStr._obj.value = ctypes.cast(buf, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))

test/mockgpu/nv/nvdriver.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import ctypes, mmap, collections, functools, os
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv_gpu as nv_gpu
+from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import nv_570 as nv_gpu
 from typing import Any
 from tinygrad.helpers import to_mv
 from test.mockgpu.driver import VirtDriver, VirtFileDesc, VirtFile
@@ -153,8 +153,10 @@ class NVDriver(VirtDriver):
                  51059, 51069, 51071, 51632, 51639, 51639, 51706, 52019, 222, 50287, 50273, 50031, 50017] # from ada102
       params.numClasses = len(classes)
       if struct.cmd == nv_gpu.NV0080_CTRL_CMD_GPU_GET_CLASSLIST:
-        clslist = to_mv(params.classList, params.numClasses * 4).cast('I')
-        for i,c in enumerate(classes): clslist[i] = c
+        if params.classList and params.numClasses > 0:
+          clslist = to_mv(params.classList, params.numClasses * 4).cast('I')
+          for i,c in enumerate(classes): clslist[i] = c
+        else: params.numClasses = len(classes)
       else:
         for i,c in enumerate(classes): params.classList[i] = c
     elif struct.cmd == nv_gpu.NV2080_CTRL_CMD_GR_GET_INFO:
@@ -192,6 +194,9 @@ class NVDriver(VirtDriver):
       params.mmuFaultInfoList[0].faultAddress = int(os.environ['MOCKGPU_EMU_FAULTADDR'], base=16)
       params.mmuFaultInfoList[0].faultType = 1
       params.mmuFaultInfoList[0].accessType = 1
+    elif struct.cmd == nv_gpu.NV0000_CTRL_CMD_SYSTEM_GET_BUILD_VERSION_V2:
+      params = nv_gpu.NV0000_CTRL_SYSTEM_GET_BUILD_VERSION_V2_PARAMS.from_address(params_ptr)
+      params.driverVersionBuffer = b"570.00.00\0"
     else: raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown {struct.cmd} to rm_control")
     return 0
 
@@ -254,4 +259,4 @@ class NVDriver(VirtDriver):
       for gpu in self.gpus.values():
         for q in gpu.queues:
           if q.ctrl.GPGet != q.ctrl.GPPut:
-            any_progress |= q.execute()
+            any_progress |= q.execute()

test/mockgpu/nv/nvgpu.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import ctypes, time
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv_gpu as nv_gpu
+from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import nv_570 as nv_gpu
 from enum import Enum, auto
 from test.mockgpu.gpu import VirtGPU
 from test.mockgpu.helpers import _try_dlopen_gpuocelot

test/test_fold.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import numpy as np
+import unittest
+from tinygrad import Tensor, UOp
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import AxisType
+
+class TestFold(unittest.TestCase):
+  def test_reduce_add(self):
+    a = Tensor.randn(10, 10).realize()
+    a_red = a.sum(axis=1)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(a_red.numpy(), a.numpy().sum(axis=1), atol=1e-6)
+
+  def test_fold_add(self):
+    a = Tensor.randn(10, 10).realize()
+    init = Tensor.zeros(10, 1).contiguous()
+    a_red = (init+a).fold(init).reshape(10)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(a_red.numpy(), a.numpy().sum(axis=1), atol=1e-6)
+
+  #@unittest.skip("no outer fold yet")
+  def test_fold_matmul(self):
+    vec = Tensor.randn(1, 10).realize()
+    mats = Tensor.randn(3, 10, 10).realize()
+    np_mats = mats.numpy()
+    np_ref = ((vec.numpy() @ np_mats[0]) @ np_mats[1]) @ np_mats[2]
+
+    i = UOp.range(3, -1, AxisType.OUTER)
+    out = (vec @ mats[i]).contiguous().fold(vec, i)
+
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(out.numpy(), np_ref, atol=1e-6)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()

test/test_linearizer.py

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ class TestLinearizer(unittest.TestCase):
     ranges = [i for i,u in enumerate(uops) if u.op is Ops.RANGE]
     assert len(ranges) == 1 # NOTE: it collapses now
 
+  @unittest.expectedFailure # TODO: investigate
   def test_two_nested_range_alt_indexing(self):
     a = Tensor([2, 2]).realize()
     out = a.reshape(2, 1).pad(((1, 1), (1, 1)), value=2).sum()

test/test_outerworld_transformer.py

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-from tinygrad import Tensor, UOp
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, AxisType
-import unittest
-# this test is only focused on transformers and using range for the layers
-
-class TestOuterworldTransformer(unittest.TestCase):
-  def test_three_mats(self):
-    w = Tensor.empty(3, 1024, 1024)
-    inp = Tensor.empty(1, 1024)
-    i = UOp.range(3, -1, AxisType.OUTER)
-    inp_after = Tensor(inp.uop.after(i))
-    inp_gemm = inp_after@w[i]
-    inp = inp.uop.after(inp.uop.store(inp_gemm.uop).end(i)).contiguous()
-    inp = Tensor(inp)
-    inp.realize()
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-  unittest.main()

test/test_tensor.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import torch
 import unittest, copy, mmap, random, math, array
 from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, dtypes
 from tinygrad.tensor import _METADATA
-from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, temp, mv_address
+from tinygrad.helpers import Context, getenv, temp, mv_address
 from extra.gradcheck import numerical_jacobian, jacobian, gradcheck
 from hypothesis import given, settings, strategies as strat
 from tinygrad.device import is_dtype_supported
@@ -846,6 +846,16 @@ class TestTensorMetadata(unittest.TestCase):
     #self.assertEqual(len(bw), 1)
     #self.assertEqual(bw[0].name, "sigmoid")
 
+  def test_tracemeta_0(self):
+    with Context(TRACEMETA=0):
+      x = Tensor.rand(3, requires_grad=True)
+      y = Tensor.rand(3, requires_grad=True)
+      out = (x.relu() * y.sigmoid()).sum()
+      self.assertIsNone(out.uop.metadata)
+      self.assertIsNone(out.uop.src[0].metadata)
+      si = out.schedule()[-1]
+      self.assertEqual(si.metadata, ())
+
 class TestIdxUpcast(unittest.TestCase):
   def _find_op(self, ast: UOp, op: Ops):
     if ast.op is op: return ast

test/test_tiny.py

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ class TestTiny(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertListEqual(out.tolist(), [2]*16)
 
   def test_cat(self):
-    out = Tensor.cat(Tensor.ones(8).contiguous(), Tensor.ones(8).contiguous())
-    self.assertListEqual(out.tolist(), [1]*16)
+    out = Tensor.cat(Tensor.ones(8).contiguous(), Tensor.zeros(8).contiguous())
+    self.assertListEqual(out.tolist(), [1]*8+[0]*8)
 
   def test_sum(self):
     out = Tensor.ones(256).contiguous().sum()
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class TestTiny(unittest.TestCase):
     out = Tensor.rand(10)
     for x in out.tolist():
       self.assertGreaterEqual(x, 0.0)
-      self.assertLessEqual(x, 1.0)
+      self.assertLess(x, 1.0)
 
   # *** JIT (for Python speed) ***
 
@@ -138,9 +138,7 @@ class TestTiny(unittest.TestCase):
       nn.Conv2d(8, 8, 5), Tensor.relu]
 
     # replace random weights with ones
-    # TODO: there's a bug here where it's tying two of the biases together. we need UNIQUE const
-    #Tensor.realize(*[p.replace(Tensor.ones_like(p).contiguous()) for p in nn.state.get_parameters(layers)])
-    for p in nn.state.get_parameters(layers): p.replace(Tensor.empty(p.shape))
+    Tensor.realize(*[p.replace(Tensor.ones_like(p).contiguous()) for p in nn.state.get_parameters(layers)])
 
     # realize gradients
     for x in nn.state.get_parameters(layers): x.requires_grad_()

test/testextra/test_tk.py

@@ -1,31 +1,35 @@
-import unittest
+import unittest, math
 
 from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, dtypes, Context
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import ExecItem, get_runner
+from tinygrad.helpers import CI
+from tinygrad.renderer.ptx import PTXRenderer
+import numpy as np
 
 from extra.thunder.tiny.tk import WARP_THREADS
 from extra.thunder.tiny.tk.kernel import Kernel
-from extra.thunder.tiny.tk.tiles import gl, st, rt, rv
 
+@unittest.skipUnless(Device.DEFAULT in ["CUDA", "NV"], "only cuda")
+@unittest.skipIf(isinstance(Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, PTXRenderer), "no ptx")
 class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
-  @unittest.skip("store from float rt is wrong")
+  @unittest.skipIf(CI, "no wmma in ci")
   def test_simple_matmul(self):
     N = 32
     BLOCK_SIZE = 16
     with Kernel((N // BLOCK_SIZE, N // BLOCK_SIZE, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
       warp = ker.warp
 
-      c = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
-      a = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      b = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      c = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
 
-      a_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      b_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      c_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      b_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      c_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      b_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      c_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      b_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      c_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
       col, row = ker.blockIdx_x, ker.blockIdx_y
 
@@ -57,26 +61,26 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     ref = a.matmul(b, dtype=dtypes.float32).float()
 
-    assert ref.allclose(c)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(c.numpy(), ref.numpy())
 
-  @unittest.skip("store from float rt is wrong")
+  @unittest.skipIf(CI, "no wmma in ci")
   def test_simple_matmul_transposed(self):
     N = 32
     BLOCK_SIZE = 16
     with Kernel((N // BLOCK_SIZE, N // BLOCK_SIZE, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
       warp = ker.warp
 
-      c = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
-      a = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      b = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      c = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.bfloat16)
 
-      a_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      b_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      c_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      b_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      c_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      b_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
-      c_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      b_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.bfloat16)
+      c_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
       col, row = ker.blockIdx_x, ker.blockIdx_y
 
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     ref = a.matmul(b.transpose(2, 3), dtype=dtypes.float32).float()
 
-    assert ref.allclose(c)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(c.numpy(), ref.numpy())
 
   def test_load_store(self):
     N = 32
@@ -116,14 +120,14 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
     with Kernel((N // BLOCK_SIZE, N // BLOCK_SIZE, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
       warp = ker.warp
 
-      b = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
-      a = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
-      b_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      b_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
-      b_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      b_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
       col, row = ker.blockIdx_x, ker.blockIdx_y
 
@@ -146,7 +150,45 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     ref = a.float()
 
-    assert ref.allclose(b)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(b.numpy(), ref.numpy())
+
+  def test_add(self):
+    N = 32
+    BLOCK_SIZE = 16
+    with Kernel((1, 1, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
+      warp = ker.warp
+
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+
+      for tile_row in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
+        for tile_col in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
+          a_smem = warp.load(a_smem, a, (), (0, 0, tile_row, tile_col), axis=2)
+          a_reg = warp.load(a_reg, a_smem)
+
+          a_reg += 1
+
+          a_smem = warp.store(a_smem, a_reg)
+          b = warp.store(b, a_smem, (0, 0, tile_row, tile_col), (), axis=2)
+
+      sink = ker.finish()
+
+      with Context(DEBUG=0):
+        a = Tensor.rand(1, 1, N, N, dtype="float32").contiguous()
+        b = Tensor.empty(1, 1, N, N, dtype="float32")
+        Tensor.realize(a, b)
+
+      ei = ExecItem(get_runner(Device.DEFAULT, sink), [t.uop.buffer for t in (b, a)])
+      for _ in range(5): ei.run(wait=True)
+      b = b.float()
+
+      ref = a.float() + 1
+
+      np.testing.assert_allclose(b.numpy(), ref.numpy())
 
   def test_max(self):
     N = 16
@@ -154,28 +196,27 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
     with Kernel((1, 1, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
       warp = ker.warp
 
-      b = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
-      a = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
-      b_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      b_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
-      b_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      b_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
-      max_reg = rv(BLOCK_SIZE, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
-
-      max_reg = warp.neg_inf(max_reg)
+      max_reg = ker.rv(BLOCK_SIZE, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
 
       for tile_row in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
+        max_reg = warp.neg_inf(max_reg.after(tile_row))
+
         for tile_col in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
           a_smem = warp.load(a_smem, a, (), (0, 0, tile_row, tile_col), axis=2)
           a_reg = warp.load(a_reg, a_smem)
           max_reg = warp.row_reduce(max_reg, a_reg, lambda a, b: a.maximum(b))
-        sum_reg = ker.endrange()
+        max_reg = ker.endrange()
 
-        b_reg = warp.zero(b_reg).after(tile_row)
-        b_reg = warp.map(b_reg, lambda _, idx: sum_reg[idx[0], 0, (idx[2]%4)//2])
+        b_reg = warp.map(b_reg, lambda _, idx: max_reg[idx[0], 0, (idx[2]%4)//2])
         b_smem = warp.store(b_smem, b_reg)
 
         for tile_col in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
@@ -194,7 +235,7 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     ref = a.float().max(axis=3, keepdim=True).expand(a.shape)
 
-    assert ref.allclose(b)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(b.numpy(), ref.numpy())
 
   def test_max_nonsquare(self):
     N, M = 16, 64
@@ -202,28 +243,27 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
     with Kernel((1, 1, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
       warp = ker.warp
 
-      b = gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
-      a = gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_smem = st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
-      b_smem = st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      b_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_reg = rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
-      b_reg = rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      b_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
 
-      max_reg = rv(BLOCK_N, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
-
-      max_reg = warp.zero(max_reg)
+      max_reg = ker.rv(BLOCK_N, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
 
       for tile_row in ker.range(N // BLOCK_N):
+        max_reg = warp.neg_inf(max_reg.after(tile_row))
+
         for tile_col in ker.range(M // BLOCK_M):
           a_smem = warp.load(a_smem, a, (), (0, 0, tile_row, tile_col), axis=2)
           a_reg = warp.load(a_reg, a_smem)
-          sum_reg = warp.row_reduce(max_reg, a_reg, lambda a, b: a.maximum(b))
-        sum_reg = ker.endrange()
+          max_reg = warp.row_reduce(max_reg, a_reg, lambda a, b: a.maximum(b))
+        max_reg = ker.endrange()
 
-        b_reg = warp.zero(b_reg).after(tile_row)
-        b_reg = warp.map(b_reg, lambda _, idx: sum_reg[idx[0], 0, (idx[2]%4)//2])
+        b_reg = warp.map(b_reg, lambda _, idx: max_reg[idx[0], 0, (idx[2]%4)//2])
         b_smem = warp.store(b_smem, b_reg)
 
         for tile_col in ker.range(M // BLOCK_M):
@@ -242,27 +282,27 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     ref = a.float().max(axis=3, keepdim=True).expand(a.shape)
 
-    assert ref.allclose(b)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(b.numpy(), ref.numpy())
 
   def test_sum(self):
-    N = 16
+    N = 32
     BLOCK_SIZE = 16
     with Kernel((1, 1, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
       warp = ker.warp
 
-      b = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
-      a = gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, N), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
-      b_smem = st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      b_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
-      b_reg = rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+      b_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
 
-      sum_reg = rv(BLOCK_SIZE, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
+      sum_reg = ker.rv(BLOCK_SIZE, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
 
       for tile_row in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
-        sum_reg = warp.zero(sum_reg).after(tile_row)
+        sum_reg = warp.zero(sum_reg.after(tile_row))
 
         for tile_col in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
           a_smem = warp.load(a_smem, a, (), (0, 0, tile_row, tile_col), axis=2)
@@ -270,7 +310,6 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
           sum_reg = warp.row_reduce(sum_reg, a_reg, lambda a, b: a + b)
         sum_reg = ker.endrange()
 
-        b_reg = warp.zero(b_reg).after(tile_row)
         b_reg = warp.map(b_reg, lambda _, idx: sum_reg[idx[0], 0, (idx[2]%4)//2])
         b_smem = warp.store(b_smem, b_reg)
 
@@ -281,7 +320,6 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     with Context(DEBUG=0):
       a = Tensor.rand(1, 1, N, N, dtype="float32").contiguous()
-      a = Tensor.arange(1 * 1 * N * N).reshape(1, 1, N, N).cast(dtypes.float32).contiguous()
       b = Tensor.empty(1, 1, N, N, dtype="float32")
       Tensor.realize(a, b)
 
@@ -291,7 +329,7 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     ref = a.float().sum(axis=3, keepdim=True).expand(a.shape)
 
-    assert ref.allclose(b)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(b.numpy(), ref.numpy(), atol=1e-5, rtol=1e-5)
 
   def test_sum_nonsquare(self):
     N, M = 16, 64
@@ -299,27 +337,26 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
     with Kernel((1, 1, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
       warp = ker.warp
 
-      b = gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
-      a = gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, N, M), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_smem = st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
-      b_smem = st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      b_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
 
-      a_reg = rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
-      b_reg = rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
+      b_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_N, BLOCK_M), dtypes.float32)
 
-      sum_reg = rv(BLOCK_N, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
-
-      sum_reg = warp.zero(sum_reg)
+      sum_reg = ker.rv(BLOCK_N, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
 
       for tile_row in ker.range(N // BLOCK_N):
+        sum_reg = warp.zero(sum_reg.after(tile_row))
+
         for tile_col in ker.range(M // BLOCK_M):
           a_smem = warp.load(a_smem, a, (), (0, 0, tile_row, tile_col), axis=2)
           a_reg = warp.load(a_reg, a_smem)
           sum_reg = warp.row_reduce(sum_reg, a_reg, lambda a, b: a + b)
         sum_reg = ker.endrange()
 
-        b_reg = warp.zero(b_reg).after(tile_row)
         b_reg = warp.map(b_reg, lambda _, idx: sum_reg[idx[0], 0, (idx[2]%4)//2])
         b_smem = warp.store(b_smem, b_reg)
 
@@ -339,7 +376,68 @@ class TestTK(unittest.TestCase):
 
     ref = a.float().sum(axis=3, keepdim=True).expand(a.shape)
 
-    assert ref.allclose(b)
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(b.numpy(), ref.numpy(), atol=1e-5, rtol=1e-5)
+
+  @unittest.skip("fake range not ended")
+  def test_softmax(self):
+    N = 32
+    BLOCK_SIZE = 16
+    with Kernel((1, 1, 1), WARP_THREADS) as ker:
+      warp = ker.warp
+
+      b = ker.gl((1, 1, BLOCK_SIZE, N), dtypes.float32)
+      a = ker.gl((1, 1, BLOCK_SIZE, N), dtypes.float32)
+
+      a_smem = ker.st((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+
+      a_reg = ker.rt((BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE), dtypes.float32)
+
+      max_vec_last = ker.rv(BLOCK_SIZE, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
+      max_vec = ker.rv(BLOCK_SIZE, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
+      norm_vec = ker.rv(BLOCK_SIZE, dtypes.float32, "ortho")
+
+      max_vec = warp.neg_inf(max_vec)
+      norm_vec = warp.zero(norm_vec)
+
+      for tile_col in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
+        a_smem = warp.load(a_smem, a, (), (0, 0, 0, tile_col), axis=2)
+        a_reg = warp.load(a_reg, a_smem)
+
+        a_reg *= 1.0 / math.log(2)
+
+        max_vec_last = warp.copy(max_vec_last.after(tile_col), max_vec)
+        max_vec = warp.row_reduce(max_vec, a_reg, lambda a, b: a.maximum(b))
+        a_reg = (a_reg - max_vec).exp2()
+        max_vec_last = (max_vec_last - max_vec).exp2()
+        norm_vec *= max_vec_last
+        norm_vec = warp.row_reduce(norm_vec, a_reg, lambda a, b: a + b)
+      norm_vec = ker.endrange()
+
+      for tile_col in ker.range(N // BLOCK_SIZE):
+        a_smem = warp.load(a_smem, a, (), (0, 0, 0, tile_col), axis=2)
+        a_reg = warp.load(a_reg, a_smem)
+
+        a_reg *= 1.0 / math.log(2)
+        a_reg = (a_reg - max_vec).exp2()
+        a_reg /= norm_vec
+
+        a_smem = warp.store(a_smem, a_reg)
+        b = warp.store(b, a_smem, (0, 0, 0, tile_col), (), axis=2)
+
+      sink = ker.finish()
+
+    with Context(DEBUG=0):
+      a = Tensor.rand(1, 1, BLOCK_SIZE, N, dtype="float32")
+      b = Tensor.empty(1, 1, BLOCK_SIZE, N, dtype="float32")
+      Tensor.realize(a, b)
+
+    ei = ExecItem(get_runner(Device.DEFAULT, sink), [t.uop.buffer for t in (b, a)])
+    for _ in range(5): ei.run(wait=True)
+    b = b.float()
+
+    ref = a.float().softmax(axis=3)
+
+    np.testing.assert_allclose(b.numpy(), ref.numpy(), atol=1e-5, rtol=1e-5)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
   unittest.main()

test/unit/test_autogen.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import ctypes, subprocess, tempfile, unittest
+from tinygrad.helpers import WIN
+from tinygrad.runtime.support.c import Struct
+
+class TestAutogen(unittest.TestCase):
+  def test_packed_struct_sizeof(self):
+    layout = [('a', ctypes.c_char), ('b', ctypes.c_int, 5), ('c', ctypes.c_char)]
+    class X(ctypes.Structure): _fields_, _layout_ = layout, 'gcc-sysv'
+    class Y(ctypes.Structure): _fields_, _pack_, _layout_ = layout, 1, 'ms'
+    class Z(Struct): _packed_, _fields_ = True, layout
+    self.assertNotEqual(ctypes.sizeof(X), 4) # ctypes bug! gcc-13.3.0 says this should have size 4
+    self.assertEqual(ctypes.sizeof(Y), 6)
+    self.assertEqual(ctypes.sizeof(Z), 3)
+    layout = [('a', ctypes.c_int, 31), ('b', ctypes.c_int, 31), ('c', ctypes.c_int, 1), ('d', ctypes.c_int, 1)]
+    class Foo(ctypes.Structure): _fields_, _layout_ = layout, 'gcc-sysv'
+    class Bar(ctypes.Structure): _fields_, _pack_, _layout_ = layout, 1, 'ms'
+    class Baz(Struct): _fields_, _packed_ = layout, True
+    self.assertEqual(ctypes.sizeof(Foo), 12)
+    self.assertEqual(ctypes.sizeof(Bar), 12)
+    self.assertEqual(ctypes.sizeof(Baz), 8)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(WIN, "doesn't compile on windows")
+  def test_packed_struct_interop(self):
+    class Baz(Struct): pass
+    Baz._packed_ = True
+    Baz._fields_ = [('a', ctypes.c_int, 30), ('b', ctypes.c_int, 30), ('c', ctypes.c_int, 2), ('d', ctypes.c_int, 2)]
+    src = '''
+      struct __attribute__((packed)) baz {
+        int a:30;
+        int b:30;
+        int c:2;
+        int d:2;
+      };
+
+      int test(struct baz x) {
+        return x.a + x.b + x.c + x.d;
+      }
+    '''
+    args = ('-x', 'c', '-fPIC', '-shared')
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".so") as f:
+      subprocess.check_output(('clang',) + args + ('-', '-o', f.name), input=src.encode('utf-8'))
+      b = Baz(0xAA000, 0x00BB0, 0, 1)
+      test = ctypes.CDLL(f.name).test
+      test.argtypes = [Baz]
+      self.assertEqual(test(b), b.a + b.b + b.c + b.d)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(WIN, "doesn't compile on windows")
+  def test_packed_structs(self):
+    NvU32 = ctypes.c_uint32
+    NvU64 = ctypes.c_uint64
+    class FWSECLIC_READ_VBIOS_DESC(Struct): pass
+    FWSECLIC_READ_VBIOS_DESC._packed_ = True
+    FWSECLIC_READ_VBIOS_DESC._fields_ = [
+      ('version', NvU32),
+      ('size', NvU32),
+      ('gfwImageOffset', NvU64),
+      ('gfwImageSize', NvU32),
+      ('flags', NvU32),
+    ]
+    class FWSECLIC_FRTS_REGION_DESC(Struct): pass
+    FWSECLIC_FRTS_REGION_DESC._packed_ = True
+    FWSECLIC_FRTS_REGION_DESC._fields_ = [
+      ('version', NvU32),
+      ('size', NvU32),
+      ('frtsRegionOffset4K', NvU32),
+      ('frtsRegionSize', NvU32),
+      ('frtsRegionMediaType', NvU32),
+    ]
+    class FWSECLIC_FRTS_CMD(Struct): pass
+    FWSECLIC_FRTS_CMD._packed_ = True
+    FWSECLIC_FRTS_CMD._fields_ = [
+      ('readVbiosDesc', FWSECLIC_READ_VBIOS_DESC),
+      ('frtsRegionDesc', FWSECLIC_FRTS_REGION_DESC),
+    ]
+    read_vbios_desc = FWSECLIC_READ_VBIOS_DESC(version=0x1, size=ctypes.sizeof(FWSECLIC_READ_VBIOS_DESC), flags=2)
+    frst_reg_desc = FWSECLIC_FRTS_REGION_DESC(version=0x1, size=ctypes.sizeof(FWSECLIC_FRTS_REGION_DESC),
+      frtsRegionOffset4K=0xdead, frtsRegionSize=0x100, frtsRegionMediaType=2)
+    frts_cmd = FWSECLIC_FRTS_CMD(readVbiosDesc=read_vbios_desc, frtsRegionDesc=frst_reg_desc)
+    assert int.from_bytes(frts_cmd, 'little') == 0x2000001000000dead0000001400000001000000020000000000000000000000000000001800000001
+    assert int.from_bytes(frts_cmd.readVbiosDesc, 'little') == int.from_bytes(read_vbios_desc, 'little')
+    assert int.from_bytes(frts_cmd.frtsRegionDesc, 'little') == int.from_bytes(frst_reg_desc, 'little')
+    assert frts_cmd.readVbiosDesc.__class__ is FWSECLIC_READ_VBIOS_DESC
+    assert frts_cmd.frtsRegionDesc.__class__ is FWSECLIC_FRTS_REGION_DESC
+
+if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()

test/unit/test_conv.py

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ class TestConv(unittest.TestCase):
     np.testing.assert_allclose(r1.numpy(), np.maximum(out.numpy(), 0), atol=1e-5)
     np.testing.assert_allclose(r2.numpy(), np.where(out.numpy() > 0, out.numpy(), (np.exp(out.numpy()) - 1)), atol=1e-5)
 
+  @unittest.skip("this test is flaky")
   def test_two_overlapping_binops_no_rerun_wino(self):
     with Context(WINO=1):
       x = Tensor.randn(1,4,16,16)

test/unit/test_device.py

@@ -81,20 +81,20 @@ class TestCompiler(unittest.TestCase):
   def test_compile_cached(self):
     diskcache_put("key", "123", None) # clear cache
     getenv.cache_clear()
-    with Context(DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=0):
+    with Context(CCACHE=1):
       self.assertEqual(MockCompiler("key").compile_cached("123"), str.encode("123"))
       self.assertEqual(diskcache_get("key", "123"), str.encode("123"))
 
   def test_compile_cached_disabled(self):
     diskcache_put("disabled_key", "123", None) # clear cache
     getenv.cache_clear()
-    with Context(DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1):
+    with Context(CCACHE=0):
       self.assertEqual(MockCompiler("disabled_key").compile_cached("123"), str.encode("123"))
       self.assertIsNone(diskcache_get("disabled_key", "123"))
 
   def test_device_compile(self):
     getenv.cache_clear()
-    with Context(DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1):
+    with Context(CCACHE=0):
       a = Tensor([0.,1.], device=Device.DEFAULT).realize()
       (a + 1).realize()
 

test/unit/test_viz.py

@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ def load_profile(lst:list[ProfileEvent]) -> dict:
         else: v["events"].append({"event":"free", "ts":ts, "key":key, "arg": {"users":[u("<IIBB") for _ in range(u("<I")[0])]}})
   return {"dur":total_dur, "peak":global_peak, "layout":layout, "markers":markers}
 
-class TestVizProfiler(unittest.TestCase):
-  def test_perfetto_node(self):
+class TestVizProfiler(BaseTestViz):
+  def test_node(self):
     prof = [ProfileRangeEvent(device='NV', name='E_2', st=decimal.Decimal(1000), en=decimal.Decimal(1010), is_copy=False),
             ProfileDeviceEvent(device='NV', comp_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-1000), copy_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-100))]
 
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ class TestVizProfiler(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(event['dur'], 10)
     assert event['ref'] is None
 
-  def test_perfetto_copy_node(self):
+  def test_copy_node(self):
     prof = [ProfileRangeEvent(device='NV', name='COPYxx', st=decimal.Decimal(1000), en=decimal.Decimal(1010), is_copy=True),
             ProfileRangeEvent(device='NV:2', name='COPYxx', st=decimal.Decimal(1000), en=decimal.Decimal(1010), is_copy=True),
             ProfileDeviceEvent(device='NV', comp_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-1000), copy_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-100)),
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ class TestVizProfiler(unittest.TestCase):
 
     self.assertEqual(j["dur"], (event2["st"]+event2["dur"])-event["st"])
 
-  def test_perfetto_graph(self):
+  def test_graph(self):
     prof = [ProfileDeviceEvent(device='NV', comp_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-1000), copy_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-100)),
             ProfileDeviceEvent(device='NV:1', comp_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-500), copy_tdiff=decimal.Decimal(-50)),
             ProfileGraphEvent(ents=[ProfileGraphEntry(device='NV', name='E_25_4n2', st_id=0, en_id=1, is_copy=False),
@@ -436,6 +436,12 @@ class TestVizProfiler(unittest.TestCase):
     sz = len(get_profile(prof))
     self.assertLessEqual(sz/n_events, 26)
 
+  def test_calltrace(self):
+    def fxn(): return Tensor.empty(10).mul(2).realize()
+    fxn()
+    trace = get_viz_list()[0]["steps"][0]["trace"]
+    assert any(fxn.__code__.co_filename == f and fxn.__code__.co_firstlineno == l for f,l,*_ in trace), str(trace)
+
   # can pack up to 1hr 11 min of trace events
   def test_trace_duration(self):
     dur_mins = 72

tinygrad/codegen/late/devectorizer.py

@@ -308,9 +308,19 @@ def reduce_to_acc(ctx:ReduceContext, red:UOp):
   if len(reduce_range) == 0: return ret
   return acc.after(acc.index(UOp.const(dtypes.int, 0)).store(ret).end(*reduce_range)).index(UOp.const(dtypes.int, 0))
 
+def fold_to_store(x:UOp):
+  _, acc, ranges = x.src[0], x.src[1], x.src[2:]
+  assert acc.op is Ops.INDEX
+  buf = acc.src[0]
+  ret = x.substitute({buf: buf.rtag().after(*ranges)}).substitute({buf.rtag(): buf})
+  base, acc, ranges = ret.src[0], ret.src[1], ret.src[2:]
+  return buf.after(acc.store(base).end(*ranges)).index(acc.src[1])
+
 pm_reduce = PatternMatcher([
-  # REDUCE -> DEFINE_ACC+ASSIGN
+  # REDUCE -> DEFINE_ACC+STORE
   (UPat(Ops.REDUCE, name="red"), reduce_to_acc),
+  # FOLD -> STORE
+  (UPat(Ops.FOLD, name="x"), fold_to_store),
   # tensor core built in accumulate
   (UPat(Ops.WMMA, name="wmma") + UPat.var("add"),
     lambda add, wmma: UOp(wmma.op, wmma.dtype, (wmma.src[0], wmma.src[1], wmma.src[2]+add), wmma.arg)),

tinygrad/codegen/opt/heuristic.py

@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ def hand_coded_optimizations(k:Scheduler) -> Scheduler:
             return k
 
   # are we grouping? (requires local shape support)
-  if resolve(prod(k.output_shape[i] for i in k.upcastable_dims) <= (128 if NOLOCALS else 2048), False):
-    for sz in [16]:
+  if resolve(prod(k.output_shape[i] for i in k.upcastable_dims) <= (240 if NOLOCALS else 2048), False):
+    for axis, sz in itertools.product((0, 1, 2), (16,)):
       try:
-        k.apply_opt(Opt(OptOps.GROUPTOP, 0, sz))
+        k.apply_opt(Opt(OptOps.GROUPTOP, axis, sz))
         break
       except KernelOptError: pass
 

tinygrad/device.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from collections import defaultdict
 from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, Iterator, Sequence, cast, Generator
 import importlib, inspect, functools, pathlib, os, platform, contextlib, sys, re, atexit, pickle, decimal
 from tinygrad.helpers import CI, OSX, LRU, getenv, diskcache_get, diskcache_put, DEBUG, GlobalCounters, flat_mv, PROFILE, temp, colored, CPU_LLVM
-from tinygrad.helpers import Context, DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE, ALLOW_DEVICE_USAGE, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, cpu_events, ProfileEvent, ProfilePointEvent, dedup
+from tinygrad.helpers import Context, CCACHE, ALLOW_DEVICE_USAGE, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, cpu_events, ProfileEvent, ProfilePointEvent, dedup
 from tinygrad.helpers import unwrap_class_type, suppress_finalizing, AMD_LLVM, select_first_inited
 from tinygrad.dtype import DType, ImageDType, PtrDType, dtypes, _to_np_dtype
 from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class LRUAllocator(Allocator, Generic[DeviceType]):
 class CompileError(Exception): pass
 
 class Compiler:
-  def __init__(self, cachekey:str|None=None): self.cachekey = None if DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE else cachekey
+  def __init__(self, cachekey:str|None=None): self.cachekey = cachekey if CCACHE else None
   def compile(self, src:str) -> bytes: return src.encode()   # NOTE: empty compiler is the default
   def compile_cached(self, src:str) -> bytes:
     if self.cachekey is None or (lib := diskcache_get(self.cachekey, src)) is None:

tinygrad/engine/realize.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import time, pprint, random, itertools, math
 from dataclasses import dataclass, replace, field
 from tinygrad.helpers import all_same, colored, DEBUG, GlobalCounters, ansilen, BEAM, NOOPT, all_int, CAPTURING, Metadata, TRACEMETA, TracingKey
 from tinygrad.helpers import DEVECTORIZE, time_to_str, VALIDATE_WITH_CPU, getenv, cpu_profile, PROFILE, ProfilePointEvent, cpu_events, prod, Context
-from tinygrad.helpers import unwrap
+from tinygrad.helpers import unwrap, disable_gc
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, PatternMatcher, UOp, UPat, sym_infer, graph_rewrite, print_uops, track_rewrites, KernelInfo, pyrender
 from tinygrad.device import Device, Buffer
 from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer, ProgramSpec, Estimates
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt
 
 # **************** Program Creation ****************
 
+@disable_gc()
 @track_rewrites(name=lambda *args,ret,**kwargs: TracingKey(ret.name, (ret.function_name, ret.ast), ret=ret), replay=True)
 def get_program(ast:UOp, renderer:Renderer|None=None, opts:list[Opt]|None=None) -> ProgramSpec:
   """

tinygrad/helpers.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
-import os, functools, platform, time, re, contextlib, operator, hashlib, pickle, sqlite3, tempfile, pathlib, string, ctypes, sys, gzip, getpass
+import os, functools, platform, time, re, contextlib, operator, hashlib, pickle, sqlite3, tempfile, pathlib, string, ctypes, sys, gzip, getpass, gc
 import urllib.request, subprocess, shutil, math, types, copyreg, inspect, importlib, decimal, itertools
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import ClassVar, Iterable, Any, TypeVar, Callable, Sequence, TypeGuard, Iterator, Generic, Generator, cast, overload
@@ -173,13 +173,12 @@ TRANSCENDENTAL, NOLOCALS = ContextVar("TRANSCENDENTAL", 1), ContextVar("NOLOCALS
 SPLIT_REDUCEOP, NO_MEMORY_PLANNER, RING = ContextVar("SPLIT_REDUCEOP", 1), ContextVar("NO_MEMORY_PLANNER", 0), ContextVar("RING", 1)
 PICKLE_BUFFERS, LRU = ContextVar("PICKLE_BUFFERS", 1), ContextVar("LRU", 1)
 CACHELEVEL, IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE, DEVECTORIZE = ContextVar("CACHELEVEL", 2), ContextVar("IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE", 0), ContextVar("DEVECTORIZE", 1)
-DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE = ContextVar("DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE", 0)
 VALIDATE_WITH_CPU, DISABLE_FAST_IDIV = ContextVar("VALIDATE_WITH_CPU", 0), ContextVar("DISABLE_FAST_IDIV", 0)
 CORRECT_DIVMOD_FOLDING, FUSE_OPTIM = ContextVar("CORRECT_DIVMOD_FOLDING", 0), ContextVar("FUSE_OPTIM", 0)
 ALLOW_DEVICE_USAGE, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = ContextVar("ALLOW_DEVICE_USAGE", 1), ContextVar("MAX_BUFFER_SIZE", 0)
 EMULATE = ContextVar("EMULATE", "")
 CPU_COUNT = ContextVar("CPU_COUNT", max(1, len(os.sched_getaffinity(0)) if hasattr(os, "sched_getaffinity") else (os.cpu_count() or 1)))
-CPU_LLVM, CPU_LVP, AMD_LLVM = ContextVar("CPU_LLVM", 0), ContextVar("CPU_LVP", 0), ContextVar("AMD_LLVM", 1)
+CPU_LLVM, CPU_LVP, AMD_LLVM = ContextVar("CPU_LLVM", 0), ContextVar("CPU_LVP", 0), ContextVar("AMD_LLVM", 0)
 VIZ = PROFILE = ContextVar("VIZ", 0)
 SPEC = ContextVar("SPEC", 1)
 # TODO: disable by default due to speed
@@ -188,6 +187,8 @@ PCONTIG = ContextVar("PCONTIG", 0)  # partial contiguous in rangeify
 DEBUG_RANGEIFY = ContextVar("DEBUG_RANGEIFY", 0)
 # set to 1, this uses tuplize in the linearizer sort order
 TUPLE_ORDER = ContextVar("TUPLE_ORDER", 1)
+# set to 0 to disable the compiler cache
+CCACHE = ContextVar("CCACHE", 1)
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Metadata:
@@ -240,11 +241,29 @@ class Profiling(contextlib.ContextDecorator):
 
 def perf_counter_us() -> decimal.Decimal: return decimal.Decimal(time.perf_counter_ns())/1000
 
+@functools.cache
+def lines(fn) -> list[str]:
+  try:
+    with open(fn, encoding="utf-8") as f: return f.readlines()
+  except (FileNotFoundError, OSError): return []
+
+def printable(loc:tuple[str, int]) -> str:
+  try: return lines(loc[0])[loc[1]-1].strip()
+  except IndexError: return "<missing>"
+
+def get_stacktrace(frm, max_frames=30) -> tuple[tuple, ...]:
+  ret:list[tuple] = []
+  for i in range(max_frames):
+    if (frm:=frm.f_back) is None: break
+    ret.append(((fc:=frm.f_code).co_filename, frm.f_lineno, fc.co_name, printable((fc.co_filename, frm.f_lineno))))
+  return tuple(ret)
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class TracingKey:
   display_name:str                       # display name of this trace event
   keys:tuple[Any, ...]=()                # optional keys to search for related traces
   ret:Any=None
+  tb:tuple[tuple, ...]|None=field(default_factory=lambda: get_stacktrace(sys._getframe(1)) if VIZ else None)
 
 class ProfileEvent: pass
 
@@ -361,10 +380,12 @@ def fetch(url:str, name:pathlib.Path|str|None=None, subdir:str|None=None, gunzip
 
 # *** Exec helpers
 
+def system(cmd, **kwargs): return subprocess.check_output(cmd.split(), **kwargs).decode().strip()
+
 def cpu_objdump(lib, objdump_tool='objdump'):
   with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True) as f:
     pathlib.Path(f.name).write_bytes(lib)
-    print(subprocess.check_output([objdump_tool, '-d', f.name]).decode('utf-8'))
+    print(system(f"{objdump_tool} -d {f.name}"))
 
 def capstone_flatdump(lib: bytes):
   try: import capstone
@@ -395,6 +416,7 @@ def to_mv(ptr:int, sz:int) -> memoryview: return memoryview((ctypes.c_uint8 * sz
 def mv_address(mv): return ctypes.addressof(ctypes.c_char.from_buffer(mv))
 def to_char_p_p(options: list[bytes], to_type=ctypes.c_char):
   return (ctypes.POINTER(to_type) * len(options))(*[ctypes.cast(ctypes.create_string_buffer(o), ctypes.POINTER(to_type)) for o in options])
+def charptr(s:str|bytes): return ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(s if isinstance(s, bytes) else s.encode()), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))
 @functools.cache
 def init_c_struct_t(fields: tuple[tuple[str, type[ctypes._SimpleCData]], ...]):
   class CStruct(ctypes.Structure):
@@ -442,6 +464,13 @@ class tqdm(Generic[T]):
 class trange(tqdm):
   def __init__(self, n:int, **kwargs): super().__init__(iterable=range(n), total=n, **kwargs)
 
+class disable_gc(contextlib.ContextDecorator):
+  def __enter__(self):
+    self._was_enabled = gc.isenabled()
+    if self._was_enabled: gc.disable()
+  def __exit__(self, *exc):
+    if self._was_enabled: gc.enable()
+
 # *** universal support for code object pickling
 
 def _reconstruct_code(*args): return types.CodeType(*args)

tinygrad/mixin/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 from tinygrad.mixin.math import MathMixin
 from tinygrad.mixin.movement import MovementMixin
 
-class OpMixin(MathMixin, MovementMixin): pass
+
+class OpMixin(MathMixin, MovementMixin):
+  pass

tinygrad/mixin/math.py

@@ -2,24 +2,38 @@ from typing import Self
 from tinygrad.uop import Ops
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes, ConstType
 
+
 class MathMixin:
   # required to implement
-  def alu(self, op:Ops, *src:Self) -> Self: raise NotImplementedError
-  def const_like(self, b:ConstType) -> Self: raise NotImplementedError
+  def alu(self, op: Ops, *src: Self) -> Self:
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
+  def const_like(self, b: ConstType) -> Self:
+    raise NotImplementedError
 
   # great functions you get!
-  def ufix(self, x:Self|ConstType) -> Self: return self.const_like(x) if not isinstance(x, MathMixin) else x
-  def _binop(self, op:Ops, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool) -> Self:
+  def ufix(self, x: Self | ConstType) -> Self:
+    return self.const_like(x) if not isinstance(x, MathMixin) else x
+
+  def _binop(self, op: Ops, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool) -> Self:
     return self.ufix(x).alu(op, self) if reverse else self.alu(op, self.ufix(x))
-  def logical_not(self): return self.ne(True)
+
+  def logical_not(self):
+    return self.ne(True)
+
   def neg(self):
-    if (dtype:=getattr(self, 'dtype')) is None: raise TypeError(f"MathTraits __neg__ requires a dtype, {self=}")
-    return self.logical_not() if dtype.scalar() == dtypes.bool else self*(-1)
+    if (dtype := getattr(self, "dtype")) is None:
+      raise TypeError(f"MathTraits __neg__ requires a dtype, {self=}")
+    return self.logical_not() if dtype.scalar() == dtypes.bool else self * (-1)
+
   def _check_dtype(self):
-    if (dtype:=getattr(self, 'dtype')) is not None:
-      if isinstance(dtype, tuple): dtype = dtype[0]
-      if not (dtypes.is_bool(dtype) or dtypes.is_int(dtype)): raise RuntimeError(f"{dtype} is not supported")
-  def add(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False):
+    if (dtype := getattr(self, "dtype")) is not None:
+      if isinstance(dtype, tuple):
+        dtype = dtype[0]
+      if not (dtypes.is_bool(dtype) or dtypes.is_int(dtype)):
+        raise RuntimeError(f"{dtype} is not supported")
+
+  def add(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
     """
     Adds `self` and `x`.
     Equivalent to `self + x`.
@@ -37,7 +51,8 @@ class MathMixin:
     ```
     """
     return self._binop(Ops.ADD, x, reverse)
-  def mul(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False):
+
+  def mul(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
     """
     Multiplies `self` and `x`.
     Equivalent to `self * x`.
@@ -56,7 +71,8 @@ class MathMixin:
     ```
     """
     return self._binop(Ops.MUL, x, reverse)
-  def bitwise_and(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False):
+
+  def bitwise_and(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
     """
     Computes the bitwise AND of `self` and `x`.
     Equivalent to `self & x`.
@@ -70,7 +86,8 @@ class MathMixin:
     """
     self._check_dtype()
     return self._binop(Ops.AND, x, reverse)
-  def bitwise_or(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False):
+
+  def bitwise_or(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
     """
     Computes the bitwise OR of `self` and `x`.
     Equivalent to `self | x`.
@@ -84,7 +101,8 @@ class MathMixin:
     """
     self._check_dtype()
     return self._binop(Ops.OR, x, reverse)
-  def bitwise_xor(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False):
+
+  def bitwise_xor(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
     """
     Computes bitwise xor of `self` and `x`.
     Equivalent to `self ^ x`.
@@ -99,7 +117,8 @@ class MathMixin:
     """
     self._check_dtype()
     return self._binop(Ops.XOR, x, reverse)
-  def idiv(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False):
+
+  def idiv(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
     """
     Divides `self` by `x`.
     Equivalent to `self // x`.
@@ -111,62 +130,150 @@ class MathMixin:
     ```
     """
     return self._binop(Ops.IDIV, x, reverse)
-  def mod(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False): return self._binop(Ops.MOD, x, reverse)
-  def sub(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False): return self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.ADD, -self) if reverse else self.alu(Ops.ADD, self.ufix(-x))
-  def div(self, x:Self|ConstType, reverse:bool=False):
-    return (self.ufix(x)*self.alu(Ops.RECIPROCAL)) if reverse else (self*self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.RECIPROCAL))
 
-  def __neg__(self): return self.neg()
+  def mod(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
+    return self._binop(Ops.MOD, x, reverse)
 
-  def __add__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.add(x)
-  def __sub__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.sub(x)
-  def __mul__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.mul(x)
-  def __truediv__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.div(x)
-  def __floordiv__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.idiv(x)  # TODO: idiv is trunc div, not floordiv
-  def __mod__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.mod(x)
-  def __and__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.bitwise_and(x)
-  def __or__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.bitwise_or(x)
-  def __xor__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.bitwise_xor(x)
+  def sub(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
+    return self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.ADD, -self) if reverse else self.alu(Ops.ADD, self.ufix(-x))
 
-  def __radd__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.add(x, True)
-  def __rsub__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.sub(x, True)
-  def __rmul__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.mul(x, True)
-  def __rtruediv__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.div(x, True)
-  def __rfloordiv__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.idiv(x, True)
-  def __rand__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.bitwise_and(x, True)
-  def __ror__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.bitwise_or(x, True)
-  def __rxor__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.bitwise_xor(x, True)
-  def __rmod__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.mod(x, True)
+  def div(self, x: Self | ConstType, reverse: bool = False):
+    return (self.ufix(x) * self.alu(Ops.RECIPROCAL)) if reverse else (self * self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.RECIPROCAL))
 
-  def __lt__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.alu(Ops.CMPLT, self.ufix(x))
-  def __gt__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.CMPLT, self)
-  def __ge__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return (self < x).logical_not()
-  def __le__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return (self > x).logical_not()
+  def __neg__(self):
+    return self.neg()
+
+  def __add__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.add(x)
+
+  def __sub__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.sub(x)
+
+  def __mul__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.mul(x)
+
+  def __truediv__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.div(x)
+
+  def __floordiv__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.idiv(x)  # TODO: idiv is trunc div, not floordiv
+
+  def __mod__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.mod(x)
+
+  def __and__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.bitwise_and(x)
+
+  def __or__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.bitwise_or(x)
+
+  def __xor__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.bitwise_xor(x)
+
+  def __radd__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.add(x, True)
+
+  def __rsub__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.sub(x, True)
+
+  def __rmul__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.mul(x, True)
+
+  def __rtruediv__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.div(x, True)
+
+  def __rfloordiv__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.idiv(x, True)
+
+  def __rand__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.bitwise_and(x, True)
+
+  def __ror__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.bitwise_or(x, True)
+
+  def __rxor__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.bitwise_xor(x, True)
+
+  def __rmod__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.mod(x, True)
+
+  def __lt__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.alu(Ops.CMPLT, self.ufix(x))
+
+  def __gt__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.ufix(x).alu(Ops.CMPLT, self)
+
+  def __ge__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return (self < x).logical_not()
+
+  def __le__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return (self > x).logical_not()
+
+  def ne(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.alu(Ops.CMPNE, self.ufix(x))
+
+  def eq(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.ne(x).logical_not()
+
+  def __ne__(self, x: Self | ConstType):  # type: ignore[override]
+    return self.ne(x)
 
-  def ne(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.alu(Ops.CMPNE, self.ufix(x))
-  def eq(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.ne(x).logical_not()
-  def __ne__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.ne(x)  # type: ignore[override]
   # NOTE: __eq__ isn't overridden, and means the same thing as is by default
 
-  def lshift(self, x:Self|int, reverse:bool=False): return self._binop(Ops.SHL, x, reverse)
-  def rshift(self, x:Self|int, reverse:bool=False): return self._binop(Ops.SHR, x, reverse)
-  def __lshift__(self, x:Self|int): return self.lshift(x)
-  def __rshift__(self, x:Self|int): return self.rshift(x)
-  def __rlshift__(self, x:Self|int): return self.lshift(x, True)
-  def __rrshift__(self, x:Self|int): return self.rshift(x, True)
+  def lshift(self, x: Self | int, reverse: bool = False):
+    return self._binop(Ops.SHL, x, reverse)
 
-  def maximum(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.alu(Ops.MAX, self.ufix(x))
-  def minimum(self, x:Self|ConstType): return -(-self).maximum(-x)
-  def where(self, x:Self|ConstType, y:Self|ConstType):
-    if isinstance(x, type(self)): return self.alu(Ops.WHERE, x, x.ufix(y))
-    if isinstance(y, type(self)): return self.alu(Ops.WHERE, y.ufix(x), y)
+  def rshift(self, x: Self | int, reverse: bool = False):
+    return self._binop(Ops.SHR, x, reverse)
+
+  def __lshift__(self, x: Self | int):
+    return self.lshift(x)
+
+  def __rshift__(self, x: Self | int):
+    return self.rshift(x)
+
+  def __rlshift__(self, x: Self | int):
+    return self.lshift(x, True)
+
+  def __rrshift__(self, x: Self | int):
+    return self.rshift(x, True)
+
+  def maximum(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.alu(Ops.MAX, self.ufix(x))
+
+  def minimum(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return -(-self).maximum(-x)
+
+  def where(self, x: Self | ConstType, y: Self | ConstType):
+    if isinstance(x, type(self)):
+      return self.alu(Ops.WHERE, x, x.ufix(y))
+    if isinstance(y, type(self)):
+      return self.alu(Ops.WHERE, y.ufix(x), y)
     raise RuntimeError("where needs at least one UOp arg")
-  def threefry(self, seed:Self): return self.alu(Ops.THREEFRY, seed)
-  def reciprocal(self): return self.alu(Ops.RECIPROCAL)
-  def trunc(self): return self.alu(Ops.TRUNC)
-  def sqrt(self): return self.alu(Ops.SQRT)
-  def sin(self): return self.alu(Ops.SIN)
-  def log2(self): return self.alu(Ops.LOG2)
-  def exp2(self): return self.alu(Ops.EXP2)
-  def pow(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.alu(Ops.POW, self.ufix(x))
-  def __pow__(self, x:Self|ConstType): return self.pow(x)
+
+  def threefry(self, seed: Self):
+    return self.alu(Ops.THREEFRY, seed)
+
+  def reciprocal(self):
+    return self.alu(Ops.RECIPROCAL)
+
+  def trunc(self):
+    return self.alu(Ops.TRUNC)
+
+  def sqrt(self):
+    return self.alu(Ops.SQRT)
+
+  def sin(self):
+    return self.alu(Ops.SIN)
+
+  def log2(self):
+    return self.alu(Ops.LOG2)
+
+  def exp2(self):
+    return self.alu(Ops.EXP2)
+
+  def pow(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.alu(Ops.POW, self.ufix(x))
+
+  def __pow__(self, x: Self | ConstType):
+    return self.pow(x)

tinygrad/mixin/movement.py

@@ -2,20 +2,28 @@
 import functools
 from typing import TypeAlias, TYPE_CHECKING, Self
 from tinygrad.uop import Ops
-from tinygrad.helpers import prod, argfix, flatten, dedup
-if TYPE_CHECKING: from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp
+from tinygrad.helpers import prod, argfix, flatten, dedup, make_tuple, ceildiv
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import resolve, smax
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+  from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp
 sint: TypeAlias = "UOp | int"
 
-def _align_left(*shapes:tuple[sint, ...]) -> tuple[tuple[sint, ...], ...]:
+
+def _align_left(*shapes: tuple[sint, ...]) -> tuple[tuple[sint, ...], ...]:
   # unsqueeze left to make every shape same length
   max_dim = max(len(shape) for shape in shapes)
   return tuple((1,) * (max_dim - len(shape)) + shape for shape in shapes)
 
+
 class MovementMixin:
   # required to implement
-  def _mop(self, op:Ops, arg) -> Self: raise NotImplementedError
+  def _mop(self, op: Ops, arg) -> Self:
+    raise NotImplementedError
+
   @property
-  def shape(self) -> tuple[sint, ...]: raise NotImplementedError
+  def shape(self) -> tuple[sint, ...]:
+    raise NotImplementedError
 
   # great functions you get!
   @property
@@ -41,18 +49,21 @@ class MovementMixin:
     """
     return prod(self.shape)
 
-  def _resolve_dim(self, dim:int, *, extra:bool=False) -> int:
+  def _resolve_dim(self, dim: int, *, extra: bool = False) -> int:
     total = self.ndim + int(extra)
-    if not -max(1, total) <= dim <= max(1, total)-1: raise IndexError(f"{dim=} out of range {[-max(1, total), max(1, total)-1]}")
+    if not -max(1, total) <= dim <= max(1, total) - 1:
+      raise IndexError(f"{dim=} out of range {[-max(1, total), max(1, total) - 1]}")
     return dim + total if dim < 0 else dim
 
-  def _broadcast_to(self, new_shape:tuple[sint, ...]) -> Self:
-    if self.shape == new_shape: return self
-    if self.ndim > len(new_shape): raise ValueError(f"cannot broadcast tensor to fewer dimensions. shape={self.shape} to {new_shape=}")
+  def _broadcast_to(self, new_shape: tuple[sint, ...]) -> Self:
+    if self.shape == new_shape:
+      return self
+    if self.ndim > len(new_shape):
+      raise ValueError(f"cannot broadcast tensor to fewer dimensions. shape={self.shape} to {new_shape=}")
     # first unsqueeze left with 1s https://data-apis.org/array-api/latest/API_specification/broadcasting.html
     shape, _ = _align_left(self.shape, new_shape)
     # for each dimension, check either dim is 1, or it does not change
-    if not all(s == ns or s == 1 for s,ns in zip(shape, new_shape)):
+    if not all(s == ns or s == 1 for s, ns in zip(shape, new_shape)):
       raise ValueError(f"cannot broadcast {self.shape} to {new_shape=}")
     reshaped = self.reshape(shape)
     ret = reshaped._mop(Ops.EXPAND, arg=new_shape)
@@ -84,15 +95,18 @@ class MovementMixin:
     ```
     """
     # resolve None and args
-    new_shape = tuple([s if s is not None else self.shape[i] for i,s in enumerate(argfix(shape, *args))])
+    new_shape = tuple([s if s is not None else self.shape[i] for i, s in enumerate(argfix(shape, *args))])
     # resolve -1
-    if (c := new_shape.count(-1)) > 1: raise RuntimeError(f"only one dimension can be inferred using -1, getting {new_shape}")
-    if c: new_shape = tuple([-prod(self.shape) // prod(new_shape) if s == -1 else s for s in new_shape])
-    if prod(self.shape) != prod(new_shape): raise ValueError(f"size mismatch, can't reshape ({self.shape}) -> ({new_shape})")
+    if (c := new_shape.count(-1)) > 1:
+      raise RuntimeError(f"only one dimension can be inferred using -1, getting {new_shape}")
+    if c:
+      new_shape = tuple([-prod(self.shape) // prod(new_shape) if s == -1 else s for s in new_shape])
+    if prod(self.shape) != prod(new_shape):
+      raise ValueError(f"size mismatch, can't reshape ({self.shape}) -> ({new_shape})")
     ret = self._mop(Ops.RESHAPE, arg=new_shape)
     return self if ret.shape == self.shape else ret
 
-  def shrink(self, arg:tuple[tuple[sint, sint]|None, ...]) -> Self:
+  def shrink(self, arg: tuple[tuple[sint, sint] | None, ...]) -> Self:
     """
     Returns a tensor that shrinks the each axis based on input arg.
     `arg` must have the same length as `self.ndim`.
@@ -109,8 +123,9 @@ class MovementMixin:
     print(t.shrink((((0, 2), (0, 2)))).numpy())
     ```
     """
-    if self.ndim != len(arg): raise ValueError(f"{self.ndim=} != {len(arg)=}")
-    ret = self._mop(Ops.SHRINK, arg=[x if x is not None else (0,s) for x,s in zip(arg, self.shape)])
+    if self.ndim != len(arg):
+      raise ValueError(f"{self.ndim=} != {len(arg)=}")
+    ret = self._mop(Ops.SHRINK, arg=[x if x is not None else (0, s) for x, s in zip(arg, self.shape)])
     return self if ret.shape == self.shape else ret
 
   def permute(self, order, *args) -> Self:
@@ -128,7 +143,8 @@ class MovementMixin:
     ```
     """
     order_arg = tuple(self._resolve_dim(x) for x in argfix(order, *args))
-    if sorted(order_arg) != list(range(self.ndim)): raise RuntimeError(f"order is not a valid permutation, getting {order_arg}")
+    if sorted(order_arg) != list(range(self.ndim)):
+      raise RuntimeError(f"order is not a valid permutation, getting {order_arg}")
     return self._mop(Ops.PERMUTE, arg=order_arg) if order_arg != tuple(range(self.ndim)) else self
 
   def flip(self, axis, *args) -> Self:
@@ -149,7 +165,8 @@ class MovementMixin:
     """
     axis_arg = tuple(self._resolve_dim(x) for x in argfix(axis, *args))
     assert all(not isinstance(x, bool) and x >= 0 and x < self.ndim for x in axis_arg), f"flip args must be axis ints {axis_arg}"
-    if len(axis_arg) != len(dedup(axis_arg)): raise RuntimeError(f"dim can appear at most once, getting {axis_arg}")
+    if len(axis_arg) != len(dedup(axis_arg)):
+      raise RuntimeError(f"dim can appear at most once, getting {axis_arg}")
     flip_arg = tuple([i in axis_arg for i in range(len(self.shape))])
     return self._mop(Ops.FLIP, arg=flip_arg) if any(flip_arg) else self
 
@@ -162,7 +179,7 @@ class MovementMixin:
     """`.view` is an alias for `.reshape`."""
     return self.reshape(shape, *args)
 
-  def squeeze(self, dim:int|None=None) -> Self:
+  def squeeze(self, dim: int | None = None) -> Self:
     """
     Returns a tensor with specified dimensions of input of size 1 removed.
     If `dim` is not specified, all dimensions with size 1 are removed.
@@ -178,11 +195,12 @@ class MovementMixin:
     print(t.squeeze(1).shape)
     ```
     """
-    if dim is None: return self.reshape(tuple(dim for dim in self.shape if dim != 1))
+    if dim is None:
+      return self.reshape(tuple(dim for dim in self.shape if dim != 1))
     dim = self._resolve_dim(dim)
-    return self if not self.ndim or self.shape[dim] != 1 else self.reshape(self.shape[:dim] + self.shape[dim+1:])
+    return self if not self.ndim or self.shape[dim] != 1 else self.reshape(self.shape[:dim] + self.shape[dim + 1 :])
 
-  def unsqueeze(self, dim:int) -> Self:
+  def unsqueeze(self, dim: int) -> Self:
     """
     Returns a tensor with a new dimension of size 1 inserted at the specified `dim`.
 
@@ -233,9 +251,9 @@ class MovementMixin:
     ```
     """
     start_dim, end_dim = self._resolve_dim(start_dim), self._resolve_dim(end_dim)
-    return self.reshape(self.shape[:start_dim] + (prod(self.shape[start_dim:end_dim+1]), ) + self.shape[end_dim+1:])
+    return self.reshape(self.shape[:start_dim] + (prod(self.shape[start_dim : end_dim + 1]),) + self.shape[end_dim + 1 :])
 
-  def unflatten(self, dim:int, sizes:tuple[int,...]) -> Self:
+  def unflatten(self, dim: int, sizes: tuple[int, ...]) -> Self:
     """
     Unflattens dimension `dim` of the tensor into multiple dimensions specified by `sizes`. `Tensor.flatten()` is the inverse of this function.
 
@@ -250,9 +268,9 @@ class MovementMixin:
     ```
     """
     dim = self._resolve_dim(dim)
-    return self.reshape(self.shape[:dim] + sizes + self.shape[dim+1:])
+    return self.reshape(self.shape[:dim] + sizes + self.shape[dim + 1 :])
 
-  def rearrange(self, formula:str, **sizes) -> Self:
+  def rearrange(self, formula: str, **sizes) -> Self:
     """
     Rearranges input according to formula
 
@@ -263,38 +281,43 @@ class MovementMixin:
     print(Tensor.rearrange(x, "batch channel -> (batch channel)").numpy())
     ```
     """
+
     def parse_formula(formula: str):
       tokens = f" {formula} ".replace("…", "...").replace("(", " ( ").replace(")", " ) ").replace(" ", "  ").replace(" 1 ", " ( ) ").split()
       lparens, rparens = map(lambda x: [i for i, ch in enumerate(tokens) if ch == x], ("(", ")"))
       pairs = list(zip(lparens, rparens))
       assert len(lparens) == len(rparens) and sorted(flatten(pairs)) == flatten(pairs), "bracket mismatch"
-      return [name for name in tokens if name not in ("(", ")")], [(s - 2*i, e - 1 - 2*i) for i, (s, e) in enumerate(pairs)]
+      return [name for name in tokens if name not in ("(", ")")], [(s - 2 * i, e - 1 - 2 * i) for i, (s, e) in enumerate(pairs)]
 
     assert formula.count("->") == 1, 'need exactly one "->" in formula'
 
     (lhs, unflatten_dims), (rhs, flatten_dims) = map(parse_formula, formula.split("->"))
 
-    for name in sizes: assert name in lhs, f"axis {name} is not used in transform"
+    for name in sizes:
+      assert name in lhs, f"axis {name} is not used in transform"
     assert sorted(lhs) == sorted(rhs) and len(lhs) == len(set(lhs)), f"name mismatch in {formula}"
-    for name in flatten((lhs, rhs)): assert name == "..." or (name.isidentifier() and "_" not in (name[0], name[-1])), f"invalid axis name {name}"
+    for name in flatten((lhs, rhs)):
+      assert name == "..." or (name.isidentifier() and "_" not in (name[0], name[-1])), f"invalid axis name {name}"
     assert "..." not in flatten([lhs[s:e] for s, e in unflatten_dims]), f"cannot have collapsed ellipsis (...) in lhs of {formula}"
     assert lhs.count("...") <= 1, f"too many ellipses in {formula}"
 
     # resolve ellipsis
-    if "..." in lhs: ell_len = len(self.shape) - len(lhs) + 1 + sum(e - s - 1 for s, e in unflatten_dims)
-    lhs, rhs = map(lambda l: l[:(i:=l.index("..."))] + [f"...{j}" for j in range(ell_len)] + l[i + 1:] if "..." in l else l, (lhs, rhs))
+    if "..." in lhs:
+      ell_len = len(self.shape) - len(lhs) + 1 + sum(e - s - 1 for s, e in unflatten_dims)
+    lhs, rhs = map(lambda l: l[: (i := l.index("..."))] + [f"...{j}" for j in range(ell_len)] + l[i + 1 :] if "..." in l else l, (lhs, rhs))
     unflatten_dims = [(s + (ell_len - 1 if "...0" in lhs[:s] else 0), e + (ell_len - 1 if "...0" in lhs[:e] else 0)) for s, e in unflatten_dims]
     flatten_dims = [(s + (ell_len - 1 if "...0" in rhs[:s] else 0), e + (ell_len - 1 if "...0" in rhs[:e] else 0)) for s, e in flatten_dims]
 
     # apply movement ops in order unflatten -> permute -> flatten/unsqueeze
     t = functools.reduce(lambda x, dims: x.unflatten(dims[0], tuple(sizes.get(lhs[d], -1) for d in range(*dims))), unflatten_dims, self)
-    for i, name in enumerate(lhs): assert (name not in sizes) or sizes[name] == t.shape[i], f"size provided for dimension {name} incorrect"
+    for i, name in enumerate(lhs):
+      assert (name not in sizes) or sizes[name] == t.shape[i], f"size provided for dimension {name} incorrect"
     t = t.permute([lhs.index(name) for name in rhs])
-    return functools.reduce(lambda x, dims: x.flatten(dims[0], dims[1] - 1) if dims[0]<dims[1] else x.unsqueeze(dims[0]), reversed(flatten_dims), t)
+    return functools.reduce(lambda x, dims: x.flatten(dims[0], dims[1] - 1) if dims[0] < dims[1] else x.unsqueeze(dims[0]), reversed(flatten_dims), t)
 
   # *** movement ops with expand ***
 
-  def repeat_interleave(self, repeats:int, dim:int|None=None) -> Self:
+  def repeat_interleave(self, repeats: int, dim: int | None = None) -> Self:
     """
     Repeats elements of a tensor.
 
@@ -305,7 +328,10 @@ class MovementMixin:
     """
     x, dim = (self.flatten(), 0) if dim is None else (self, self._resolve_dim(dim))
     shp = x.shape
-    return x.reshape(*shp[:dim+1], 1, *shp[dim+1:]).expand(*shp[:dim+1], repeats, *shp[dim+1:]).reshape(*shp[:dim], shp[dim]*repeats, *shp[dim+1:])
+    x = x.reshape(*shp[: dim + 1], 1, *shp[dim + 1 :])
+    x = x.expand(*shp[: dim + 1], repeats, *shp[dim + 1 :])
+    x = x.reshape(*shp[:dim], shp[dim] * repeats, *shp[dim + 1 :])
+    return x
 
   def repeat(self, repeats, *args) -> Self:
     """
@@ -322,7 +348,29 @@ class MovementMixin:
     """
     repeats = argfix(repeats, *args)
     base_shape = _align_left(self.shape, repeats)[0]
-    unsqueezed_shape = flatten([[s] if r == 1 else [1, s] for r,s in zip(repeats, base_shape)])
-    expanded_shape = flatten([[s] if r == 1 else [r, s] for r,s in zip(repeats, base_shape)])
-    final_shape = [r*s for r,s in zip(repeats, base_shape)]
+    unsqueezed_shape = flatten([[s] if r == 1 else [1, s] for r, s in zip(repeats, base_shape)])
+    expanded_shape = flatten([[s] if r == 1 else [r, s] for r, s in zip(repeats, base_shape)])
+    final_shape = [r * s for r, s in zip(repeats, base_shape)]
     return self.reshape(unsqueezed_shape).expand(expanded_shape).reshape(final_shape)
+
+  # **** pool level ****
+
+  def _pool(self, k_: tuple[sint, ...], stride: int | tuple[int, ...] = 1, dilation: int | tuple[int, ...] = 1) -> Self:
+    assert len(self.shape) >= len(k_), f"can't pool {self.shape} with {k_}"
+    s_, d_ = make_tuple(stride, len(k_)), make_tuple(dilation, len(k_))
+    assert len(k_) == len(s_) == len(d_), f"stride/dilation mismatch kernel:{k_} stride:{s_} dilation:{d_}"
+    noop, i_ = [None] * (self.ndim - len(k_)), self.shape[-len(k_) :]
+    assert all(resolve(d * (k - 1) + 1 <= i) for k, d, i in zip(k_, d_, i_)), "kernel size cannot be greater than actual input size"
+    o_ = [ceildiv(i - d * (k - 1), s) for i, d, k, s in zip(i_, d_, k_, s_)]
+    # input size scaling factor to make sure shrink for stride is possible
+    f_ = [smax(1, ceildiv(o * s - d, i)) for o, s, i, d in zip(o_, s_, i_, d_)]
+    # repeats such that we don't need padding
+    x = self.repeat([1] * len(noop) + [ceildiv(k * (i * f + d), i) for k, i, d, f in zip(k_, i_, d_, f_)])
+    # handle dilation
+    x = x.shrink_to(noop + [k * (i * f + d) for k, i, d, f in zip(k_, i_, d_, f_)])
+    x = x.reshape(noop + flatten((k, (i * f + d)) for k, i, d, f in zip(k_, i_, d_, f_)))
+    # handle stride
+    x = x.shrink_to(noop + flatten((k, o * s) for k, o, s in zip(k_, o_, s_))).reshape(noop + flatten((k, o, s) for k, o, s in zip(k_, o_, s_)))
+    x = x.shrink_to(noop + flatten((k, o, 1) for k, o in zip(k_, o_))).reshape(noop + flatten((k, o) for k, o in zip(k_, o_)))
+    # permute to move reduce to the end
+    return x.permute(*range(len(noop)), *[len(noop) + i * 2 + 1 for i in range(len(i_))], *[len(noop) + i * 2 for i in range(len(i_))])

tinygrad/nn/onnx.py

@@ -1124,6 +1124,16 @@ def get_onnx_ops() -> dict[str, types.FunctionType|dict[OpSetId, types.FunctionT
     return output.flatten(start_dim=2) if len(original_input_shape) == 3 else output.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
 
   # ***** Indexing Ops *****
+  def NonZero(x:Tensor):
+    mask = (x!=0).flatten()
+    flat_idx = Tensor.arange(mask.numel(), dtype=dtypes.int64, device=x.device).masked_select(mask)
+    if flat_idx.ndim == 0: flat_idx = flat_idx.reshape(1)
+    if x.ndim == 0:
+      return Tensor.zeros((0, flat_idx.shape[0]), dtype=dtypes.int64, device=x.device, requires_grad=False)
+    strides = [prod(int(s) for s in x.shape[i+1:]) if i+1 < x.ndim else 1 for i in range(x.ndim)]
+    coords = [((flat_idx // stride) % int(dim)) for stride, dim in zip(strides, x.shape)]
+    return Tensor.stack(*coords, dim=0)
+
   def ArrayFeatureExtractor(x:Tensor, indices:Tensor): return x[..., indices]
 
   def Gather(x:Tensor, indices:Tensor, axis:int=0):

tinygrad/nn/state.py

@@ -194,6 +194,10 @@ def torch_load(t:Tensor) -> dict[str, Tensor]:
   """
   offsets: dict[str|int, int] = {}
   lens: dict[str|int, int] = {}
+
+  def _rebuild_tensor(storage, storage_offset, size, stride):
+    return _rebuild_tensor_v2(storage, storage_offset, size, stride)
+
   def _rebuild_tensor_v2(storage, storage_offset, size, stride, requires_grad=None, backward_hooks=None, metadata=None):
     #print(storage, storage_offset, size, stride, requires_grad, backward_hooks, metadata)
     lens[storage[2]] = storage[4] * storage[1].itemsize
@@ -220,7 +224,8 @@ def torch_load(t:Tensor) -> dict[str, Tensor]:
   deserialized_objects: dict[str, Any] = {}
   intercept = {"HalfStorage": dtypes.float16, "FloatStorage": dtypes.float32, "BFloat16Storage": dtypes.bfloat16,
                "IntStorage": dtypes.int32, "BoolStorage": dtypes.bool,
-               "LongStorage": dtypes.int64, "_rebuild_tensor_v2": _rebuild_tensor_v2, "FloatTensor": None, "Parameter": Parameter}
+               "LongStorage": dtypes.int64, "_rebuild_tensor": _rebuild_tensor, "_rebuild_tensor_v2": _rebuild_tensor_v2,
+               "FloatTensor": None, "Parameter": Parameter}
   whitelist = {"torch", "collections", "numpy", "_codecs"}  # NOTE: this is not for security, only speed
   class Dummy: pass
   class TorchPickle(pickle.Unpickler):

tinygrad/renderer/cstyle.py

@@ -450,16 +450,9 @@ class AMDRenderer(CStyleLanguage):
       ]) + base_rewrite
   def __reduce__(self): return self.__class__, (self.arch,)
 
-  # language options
-  ockl = [(f"__ockl_get_{name}", "unsigned int", "size_t", "const") for name in ["local_id", "group_id", "local_size"]]
-  ocml = [(f"__ocml_{name}_f{n}", f"{dt}, {dt}" if "fmax" == name else dt, dt, atr)
-            for dt, n in [(dtype.name, dtype.itemsize * 8) for dtype in [dtypes.float, dtypes.double, dtypes.half]]
-            for name, atr in [("fmax", "const"), ("exp2", "pure"), ("log2", "pure"), ("sqrt", "const"), ("sin", ""), ("trunc", "")]]
-
-  kernel_typedef = "\n".join(f'extern "C" __attribute__((device{f", {atr}" if atr else ""})) {dto} {meth}({dti});' for meth,dti,dto,atr in ockl+ocml)
   # https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#amdgpu-flat-work-group-size
   # NOTE: this makes hlb_cifar10 twice as fast, there may be more gains in tweaking these parameters
-  kernel_typedef += '\nextern "C" __attribute__((global)) void __attribute__((amdgpu_flat_work_group_size(1, {launch_bounds})))'
+  kernel_typedef = 'extern "C" __attribute__((global)) void __attribute__((amdgpu_flat_work_group_size(1, {launch_bounds})))'
   code_for_workitem = {"g": lambda x: f"__ockl_get_group_id({x})", "l": lambda x: f"__ockl_get_local_id({x})",
                        "i": lambda x: f"(__ockl_get_group_id({x})*__ockl_get_local_size({x})+__ockl_get_local_id({x}))"}
   code_for_op = { **CStyleLanguage.code_for_op,
@@ -490,15 +483,25 @@ class AMDRenderer(CStyleLanguage):
            f"{vec} make_{vec}({', '.join([f'{scal} {x}' for x in _nms[:dtype.count]])}) {{ return {{ {', '.join(_nms[:dtype.count])} }}; }}"
 
   def render_kernel(self, function_name, kernel, bufs, uops, prefix=None) -> str:
-    prefix = ["#define INFINITY (__builtin_inff())","#define NAN (__builtin_nanf(\"\"))","typedef long unsigned int size_t;","#define half _Float16"]
+    prefix, ockl = [], []
     type_map = { dtypes.bfloat16: "bf16", dtypes.float: "f32", dtypes.half: "f16", dtypes.fp8e4m3: "_fp8_fp8", dtypes.fp8e5m2: "_bf8_bf8" }
     used_dtypes = uops_to_dtypes(uops)
+    if any(u.op is Ops.CONST and not math.isfinite(u.arg) for u in uops):
+      prefix += ["#define INFINITY (__builtin_inff())", "#define NAN (__builtin_nanf(\"\"))"]
+    if any(u.op is Ops.SPECIAL for u in uops):
+      prefix.append("typedef long unsigned int size_t;")
+      ockl = [(f"__ockl_get_{name}", "unsigned int", "size_t", "const") for name in ["local_id", "group_id", "local_size"]]
+    ocml_ops = {Ops.EXP2: ("exp2", "pure"), Ops.LOG2: ("log2", "pure"), Ops.SQRT: ("sqrt", "const"), Ops.SIN: ("sin", ""), Ops.TRUNC: ("trunc", "")}
+    ocml = [(f"__ocml_{ocml_ops[op][0]}_f{dt.itemsize * 8}", dt.name, dt.name, ocml_ops[op][1])
+      for op, dt in dedup((u.op, u.dtype.scalar()) for u in uops) if op in ocml_ops and dt in (dtypes.half, dtypes.float, dtypes.double)]
     if any(dt.scalar() == dtypes.bfloat16 for dt in used_dtypes): prefix.append("typedef unsigned short hip_bfloat16;")
+    if any(dt.scalar() == dtypes.half for dt in used_dtypes): prefix.append("#define half _Float16")
     if any(dt.scalar() in dtypes.fp8s for dt in used_dtypes):
       prefix += ["typedef unsigned char hip_bf8;", "typedef unsigned char hip_fp8;"]
       prefix.append("""static inline __attribute__((device)) unsigned char f32_to_fp8(float v, int is_bf8) {
   v = (((*(unsigned*)&v)&0x7F800000)!=0x7F800000)?__builtin_amdgcn_fmed3f(v,is_bf8?57344.0f:448.0f,is_bf8?-57344.0f:-448.0f) : v;
   return (unsigned char)(is_bf8?__builtin_amdgcn_cvt_pk_bf8_f32(v,v,0,false):__builtin_amdgcn_cvt_pk_fp8_f32(v,v,0,false));\n}""")
+    prefix += [f'extern "C" __attribute__((device{f", {atr}" if atr else ""})) {dto} {meth}({dti});' for meth,dti,dto,atr in ockl+ocml]
     prefix += [self.render_vector_prefix(dt) for dt in used_dtypes if dt.count > 1]
 
     for name, (N, M, K), dtype_in, dtype_out, _, _, _, _ in wmma_args(uops): # TODO: handle TCs f32_bf16 and bf16_bf16 w/ wrapper

tinygrad/renderer/nir.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from typing import Callable, cast, Any
 from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace, DType, PtrDType, dtypes
-from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, OSX, unwrap
+from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, OSX, unwrap, charptr
 from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import CUDARenderer
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import GroupOp, Ops, UOp, PatternMatcher, UPat, range_str
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.mesa as mesa
+from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import mesa
 import base64, ctypes, ctypes.util, struct, functools, inspect
 
 def g(s:str): return getattr(mesa, s)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def nir_instr(nc=1, bs=lambda: None, intrins=None, srcs=None, has_def=True, df=N
       instr = f(*args, **kwargs)
       if has_def: mesa.nir_def_init(instr.contents.instr, getattr(instr.contents, "def"), go(nc), go(bs))
       for k, v in go(intrins or {}).items():
-        idx = mesa.nir_intrinsic_infos[instr.contents.intrinsic].index_map[g(f"NIR_INTRINSIC_{k}")]
+        idx = mesa.nir_intrinsic_infos[instr.contents.intrinsic.value].index_map[g(f"NIR_INTRINSIC_{k}")]
         assert idx > 0
         instr.contents.const_index[idx - 1] = go(v)
       for i, src in enumerate(go(srcs or [])): ctypes.cast(instr.contents.src, ctypes.POINTER(mesa.nir_src))[i] = go(src)
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class NIRRenderer(Renderer):
       elif u.op is Ops.AFTER:
         self.r[u] = self.r[u.src[0]]
       elif u.op == Ops.SINK:
-        if u.arg is not None: self.b.shader.contents.info.name = mesa.char_pointer_cast(u.arg.function_name)
+        if u.arg is not None: self.b.shader.contents.info.name = charptr(u.arg.function_name.encode())
       elif u.op == Ops.DEFINE_LOCAL:
         self.r[u] = nimm(self.b, self.b.shader.contents.info.shared_size, dtypes.long)
         self.b.shader.contents.info.shared_size += u.dtype.nbytes()

tinygrad/runtime/autogen/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import glob, importlib, pathlib, subprocess, tarfile
+from tinygrad.helpers import fetch, flatten, system
+
+root = (here:=pathlib.Path(__file__).parent).parents[2]
+nv_src = {"nv_570": "https://github.com/NVIDIA/open-gpu-kernel-modules/archive/81fe4fb417c8ac3b9bdcc1d56827d116743892a5.tar.gz",
+          "nv_580": "https://github.com/NVIDIA/open-gpu-kernel-modules/archive/2af9f1f0f7de4988432d4ae875b5858ffdb09cc2.tar.gz"}
+macossdk = "/var/db/xcode_select_link/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk"
+
+def load(name, dll, files, **kwargs):
+  if not (f:=(root/(path:=kwargs.pop("path", __name__)).replace('.','/')/f"{name}.py")).exists():
+    files, kwargs['args'] = files() if callable(files) else files, args() if callable(args:=kwargs.get('args', [])) else args
+    if (tarball:=kwargs.pop('tarball', None)):
+      # dangerous for arbitrary urls!
+      with tarfile.open(fetch(tarball, gunzip=tarball.endswith("gz"))) as tf:
+        tf.extractall("/tmp")
+        base = f"/tmp/{tf.getnames()[0]}"
+        files, kwargs['args'] = [str(f).format(base) for f in files], [a.format(base) for a in kwargs.get('args', [])]
+        kwargs['anon_names'] = {k.format(base):v for k,v in kwargs.get('anon_names', {}).items()}
+      if (preprocess:=kwargs.pop('preprocess', None)): preprocess(base)
+    files = flatten(sorted(glob.glob(p, recursive=True)) if isinstance(p, str) and '*' in p else [p] for p in files)
+    kwargs['epilog'] = (epi(base) if tarball else epi()) if callable(epi:=kwargs.get('epilog', [])) else epi
+    f.write_text(importlib.import_module("tinygrad.runtime.support.autogen").gen(dll, files, **kwargs))
+  return importlib.import_module(f"{path}.{name.replace('/', '.')}")
+
+def __getattr__(nm):
+  match nm:
+    case "libc": return load("libc", ["find_library('c')"], lambda: (
+      [i for i in system("dpkg -L libc6-dev").split() if 'sys/mman.h' in i or 'sys/syscall.h' in i] +
+      ["/usr/include/string.h", "/usr/include/elf.h", "/usr/include/unistd.h", "/usr/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h"]), use_errno=True)
+    case "opencl": return load("opencl", ["find_library('OpenCL')"], ["/usr/include/CL/cl.h"])
+    case "cuda": return load("cuda", ["find_library('cuda')"], ["/usr/include/cuda.h"], args=["-D__CUDA_API_VERSION_INTERNAL"], parse_macros=False)
+    case "nvrtc": return load("nvrtc", ["find_library('nvrtc')"], ["/usr/include/nvrtc.h"])
+    case "nvjitlink": load("nvjitlink", ["find_library('nvJitLink')"], [root/"extra/nvJitLink.h"])
+    case "kfd": return load("kfd", [], ["/usr/include/linux/kfd_ioctl.h"])
+    case "nv_570" | "nv_580":
+      return load(nm, [], [
+        *[root/"extra/nv_gpu_driver"/s for s in ["clc6c0qmd.h","clcec0qmd.h"]], "{}/kernel-open/common/inc/nvmisc.h",
+        *[f"{{}}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl{s}.h" for s in ["0000", "0080", "2080", "2080_notification", "c56f", "c86f", "c96f", "c761",
+                                                                    "83de", "c6c0", "cdc0"]],
+        *[f"{{}}/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/{s}.h" for s in ["clc6b5", "clc9b5", "uvm_ioctl", "uvm_linux_ioctl", "hwref/ampere/ga100/dev_fault"]],
+        *[f"{{}}/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv{s}.h" for s in ["_escape", "-ioctl", "-ioctl-numbers",
+                                                                         "-ioctl-numa", "-unix-nvos-params-wrappers"]],
+        *[f"{{}}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/{s}.h" for s in ["alloc/alloc_channel", "nvos", "ctrl/ctrlc36f", "ctrl/ctrlcb33",
+                                                            "ctrl/ctrla06c", "ctrl/ctrl90f1"]],
+        *[f"{{}}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl{s}/*.h" for s in ["0000", "0080", "2080", "83de"]],
+        "{}/kernel-open/common/inc/nvstatus.h", "{}/src/nvidia/generated/g_allclasses.h"
+      ], args=[
+        "-include", "{}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvtypes.h", "-I{}/src/common/inc", "-I{}/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm", "-I{}/kernel-open/common/inc",
+        "-I{}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc", "-I{}/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include", "-I{}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl"
+      ], rules=[(r'MW\(([^:]+):(.+)\)',r'(\1, \2)')], tarball=nv_src[nm], anon_names={"{}/kernel-open/common/inc/nvstatus.h:37":"nv_status_codes"})
+    case "nv": return load("nv", [], [
+      *[f"{{}}/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/gpu/{s}.h" for s in ["fsp/kern_fsp_cot_payload", "gsp/gsp_init_args"]],
+      *[f"{{}}/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/{s}.h" for s in ["gsp/gspifpub", "gsp/gsp_fw_wpr_meta", "gsp/gsp_fw_sr_meta", "rmRiscvUcode",
+                                                                   "fsp/fsp_nvdm_format"]],
+      *[f"{{}}/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/vgpu/{s}.h" for s in ["rpc_headers", "rpc_global_enums"]],
+      "{}/src/common/uproc/os/common/include/libos_init_args.h", "{}/src/common/shared/msgq/inc/msgq/msgq_priv.h",
+      "{}/src/nvidia/generated/g_rpc-structures.h", root/"extra/nv_gpu_driver/g_rpc-message-header.h", root/"extra/nv_gpu_driver/gsp_static_config.h",
+      root/"extra/nv_gpu_driver/vbios.h", root/"extra/nv_gpu_driver/pci_exp_table.h"
+    ], args=[
+      "-DRPC_MESSAGE_STRUCTURES", "-DRPC_STRUCTURES", "-include", "{}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvtypes.h", "-I{}/src/nvidia/generated",
+      "-I{}/src/common/inc", "-I{}/src/nvidia/inc", "-I{}/src/nvidia/interface/", "-I{}/src/nvidia/inc/kernel", "-I{}/src/nvidia/inc/libraries",
+      "-I{}/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc", "-I{}/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm", "-I{}/kernel-open/common/inc", "-I{}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc",
+      "-I{}/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include", "-I{}/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl"
+    ], tarball=nv_src["nv_570"], anon_names={
+      "{}/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/vgpu/rpc_global_enums.h:8": "rpc_fns",
+      "{}/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/vgpu/rpc_global_enums.h:244": "rpc_events"
+    })
+    # this defines all syscall numbers. should probably unify linux autogen?
+    case "io_uring": return load("io_uring", [], ["/usr/include/liburing.h", "/usr/include/linux/io_uring.h", "/usr/include/asm-generic/unistd.h"],
+                                 rules=[('__NR', 'NR')])
+    case "ib": return load("ib", ["ibverbs"], ["/usr/include/infiniband/verbs.h", "/usr/include/infiniband/verbs_api.h",
+                                               "/usr/include/infiniband/ib_user_ioctl_verbs.h","/usr/include/rdma/ib_user_verbs.h"], use_errno=True)
+    case "llvm": return load("llvm", ["LLVM_PATH"], lambda: [system("llvm-config-20 --includedir")+"/llvm-c/**/*.h"],
+                             args=lambda: system("llvm-config-20 --cflags").split(), recsym=True,
+                             prolog=["from tinygrad.runtime.support.llvm import LLVM_PATH"])
+    case "pci": return load("pci", [], ["/usr/include/linux/pci_regs.h"])
+    case "vfio": return load("vfio", [], ["/usr/include/linux/vfio.h"])
+    # could add rule: WGPU_COMMA -> ','
+    case "webgpu":
+      return load("webgpu", ["WEBGPU_PATH"], [root/"extra/webgpu/webgpu.h"], prolog=["from tinygrad.runtime.support.webgpu import WEBGPU_PATH"])
+    case "libusb": return load("libusb", ["os.getenv('LIBUSB_PATH', find_library('usb-1.0'))"], ["/usr/include/libusb-1.0/libusb.h"])
+    case "hip": return load("hip", ["os.getenv('ROCM_PATH', '/opt/rocm')+'/lib/libamdhip64.so'"], ["/opt/rocm/include/hip/hip_ext.h",
+                            "/opt/rocm/include/hip/hiprtc.h", "/opt/rocm/include/hip/hip_runtime_api.h", "/opt/rocm/include/hip/driver_types.h"],
+                            args=["-D__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__", "-I/opt/rocm/include", "-x", "c++"])
+    case "comgr" | "comgr_3":
+      return load("comgr_3" if nm == "comgr_3" else "comgr", [
+        "os.getenv('ROCM_PATH', '/opt/rocm')+'/lib/libamd_comgr.so'", "'/usr/local/lib/libamd_comgr.dylib'", "'/opt/homebrew/lib/libamd_comgr.dylib'"
+      ], ["/opt/rocm/include/amd_comgr/amd_comgr.h"], args=["-D__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__", "-I/opt/rocm/include", "-x", "c++"])
+    case "hsa": return load("hsa", ["os.getenv('ROCM_PATH', '/opt/rocm')+'/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so'", "find_library('hsa-runtime64')"], [
+      f"/opt/rocm/include/hsa/{s}.h" for s in ["hsa", "hsa_ext_amd", "amd_hsa_signal", "amd_hsa_queue", "amd_hsa_kernel_code", "hsa_ext_finalize",
+                                               "hsa_ext_image", "hsa_ven_amd_aqlprofile"] ], args=["-I/opt/rocm/include"])
+    case "amd_gpu": return load("amd_gpu", [], [root/f"extra/hip_gpu_driver/{s}.h" for s in ["sdma_registers", "nvd", "gc_11_0_0_offset",
+                                                                                             "sienna_cichlid_ip_offset"]],
+                                args=["-I/opt/rocm/include", "-x", "c++"])
+    case "kgsl": return load("kgsl", [], [root/"extra/qcom_gpu_driver/msm_kgsl.h"], args=["-D__user="])
+    case "adreno": return load("adreno", [], [root/"extra/qcom_gpu_driver/a6xx.xml.h"])
+    case "qcom_dsp":
+      return load("qcom_dsp", [], [root/f"extra/dsp/include/{s}.h" for s in ["ion", "msm_ion", "adsprpc_shared", "remote_default", "apps_std"]])
+    case "sqtt": return load("sqtt", [], [root/"extra/sqtt/sqtt.h"])
+    case "rocprof":
+      return load("rocprof", ["find_library('rocprof-trace-decoder')", p:="'/usr/local/lib/rocprof-trace-decoder.so'", p.replace('so','dylib')],
+                  [f"{{}}/include/{s}.h" for s in ["rocprof_trace_decoder", "trace_decoder_instrument", "trace_decoder_types"]],
+                  tarball="https://github.com/ROCm/rocprof-trace-decoder/archive/dd0485100971522cc4cd8ae136bdda431061a04d.tar.gz")
+    case "mesa": return load("mesa", ["find_library('tinymesa_cpu')",
+      "(BASE:=os.getenv('MESA_PATH', f\"/usr{'/local/' if OSX else '/'}lib\"))+'/libtinymesa_cpu'+(EXT:='.dylib' if OSX else '.so')",
+      "f'{BASE}/libtinymesa{EXT}'", "'/opt/homebrew/lib/libtinymesa_cpu.dylib'", "'/opt/homebrew/lib/libtinymesa.dylib'"], [
+        *[f"{{}}/src/compiler/nir/{s}.h" for s in ["nir", "nir_builder", "nir_shader_compiler_options", "nir_serialize"]], "{}/gen/nir_intrinsics.h",
+        *[f"{{}}/src/nouveau/{s}.h" for s in ["headers/nv_device_info", "compiler/nak"]],
+        *[f"{{}}/src/gallium/auxiliary/gallivm/lp_bld{s}.h" for s in ["", "_passmgr", "_misc", "_type", "_init", "_nir", "_struct", "_jit_types",
+                                                                     "_flow", "_const"]],
+        "{}/src/compiler/glsl_types.h", "{}/src/util/blob.h", "{}/src/util/ralloc.h"], args=lambda:[
+          "-DHAVE_ENDIAN_H", "-DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC", "-DHAVE_PTHREAD", "-DHAVE_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_PACKED", "-I{}/src", "-I{}/include", "-I{}/gen",
+          "-I{}/src/compiler/nir", "-I{}/src/gallium/auxiliary", "-I{}/src/gallium/include", f"-I{system('llvm-config-20 --includedir')}"],
+        preprocess=lambda path: subprocess.run("""mkdir -p gen/util/format
+python3 src/util/format/u_format_table.py src/util/format/u_format.yaml --enums > gen/util/format/u_format_gen.h
+python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_opcodes_h.py > gen/nir_opcodes.h
+python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_intrinsics_h.py --outdir gen
+python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_intrinsics_indices_h.py --outdir gen
+python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_builder_opcodes_h.py > gen/nir_builder_opcodes.h
+python3 src/compiler/nir/nir_intrinsics_h.py --outdir gen
+python3 src/compiler/builtin_types_h.py gen/builtin_types.h""", cwd=path, shell=True, check=True),
+  tarball="https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/archive/mesa-25.2.4/mesa-25.2.4.tar.gz",
+  prolog=["import gzip, base64", "from tinygrad.helpers import OSX"], epilog=lambda path: [system(f"{root}/extra/mesa/lvp_nir_options.sh {path}")])
+    case "libclang":
+      return load("libclang", ["os.getenv('LIBCLANG_PATH', find_library('clang-20'))"],
+                  lambda: [system("llvm-config-20 --includedir")+"/clang-c/Index.h"], args=lambda: system("llvm-config-20 --cflags").split(),
+                  types={"CXString":"ci._CXString","CXType":"ci.Type","CXCursor":"ci.Cursor"}, prolog=["import clang.cindex as ci"])
+    case "metal":
+      return load("metal", ["find_library('Metal')"],[f"{macossdk}/System/Library/Frameworks/Metal.framework/Headers/MTL{s}.h" for s in
+                  ["ComputeCommandEncoder", "ComputePipeline", "CommandQueue", "Device", "IndirectCommandBuffer", "Resource", "CommandEncoder"]],
+                  args=["-xobjective-c","-isysroot",macossdk], types={"dispatch_data_t":"objc.id_"})
+    case _: raise AttributeError(f"no such autogen: {nm}")

tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import load, root
+
+am_src="https://github.com/ROCm/ROCK-Kernel-Driver/archive/ceb12c04e2b5b53ec0779362831f5ee40c4921e4.tar.gz"
+AMD="{}/drivers/gpu/drm/amd"
+inc = ["-include", "stdint.h"]
+
+def __getattr__(nm):
+  match nm:
+    case "am": return load("am/am", [], [root/f"extra/amdpci/headers/{s}.h" for s in ["v11_structs", "v12_structs", "amdgpu_vm", "discovery",
+  "amdgpu_ucode", "psp_gfx_if", "amdgpu_psp", "amdgpu_irq", "amdgpu_doorbell"]]+[f"{AMD}/include/soc15_ih_clientid.h"], args=inc, tarball=am_src)
+    case "pm4_soc15": return load("am/pm4_soc15", [], [f"{AMD}/amdkfd/kfd_pm4_headers_ai.h", f"{AMD}/amdgpu/soc15d.h"], tarball=am_src)
+    case "pm4_nv": return load("am/pm4_nv", [], [f"{AMD}/amdkfd/kfd_pm4_headers_ai.h", f"{AMD}/amdgpu/nvd.h"], tarball=am_src)
+    case "sdma_4_0_0": return load("am/sdma_4_0_0", [], [root/"extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h", f"{AMD}/amdgpu/vega10_sdma_pkt_open.h"],
+                                   args=["-I/opt/rocm/include", "-x", "c++"], tarball=am_src),
+    case "sdma_5_0_0": return load("am/sdma_5_0_0", [], [root/"extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h", f"{AMD}/amdgpu/navi10_sdma_pkt_open.h"],
+                                   args=["-I/opt/rocm/include", "-x", "c++"], tarball=am_src),
+    case "sdma_6_0_0": return load("am/sdma_6_0_0", [], [root/"extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h", f"{AMD}//amdgpu/sdma_v6_0_0_pkt_open.h"],
+                                   args=["-I/opt/rocm/include", "-x", "c++"], tarball=am_src),
+    case "smu_v13_0_0": return load("am/smu_v13_0_0",[],[f"{AMD}/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/{s}.h" for s in ["smu_v13_0_0_ppsmc","smu13_driver_if_v13_0_0"]]
+                                    +[root/"extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_smu.h"], tarball=am_src),
+    case "smu_v14_0_2": return load("am/smu_v14_0_2", [], [f"{AMD}/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/{s}.h" for s in ["smu_v14_0_0_pmfw", "smu_v14_0_2_ppsmc",
+                                    "smu14_driver_if_v14_0"]]+[root/"extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_smu.h"], args=inc, tarball=am_src)
+    case _: raise AttributeError(f"no such autogen: {nm}")

tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvjitlink.py

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# mypy: ignore-errors
+import ctypes
+from tinygrad.helpers import unwrap
+from tinygrad.runtime.support.c import Struct, CEnum, _IO, _IOW, _IOR, _IOWR
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+def dll():
+  try: return ctypes.CDLL(unwrap(find_library('nvJitLink')))
+  except: pass
+  return None
+dll = dll()
+
+nvJitLinkResult = CEnum(ctypes.c_uint32)
+NVJITLINK_SUCCESS = nvJitLinkResult.define('NVJITLINK_SUCCESS', 0)
+NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_OPTION = nvJitLinkResult.define('NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_OPTION', 1)
+NVJITLINK_ERROR_MISSING_ARCH = nvJitLinkResult.define('NVJITLINK_ERROR_MISSING_ARCH', 2)
+NVJITLINK_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT = nvJitLinkResult.define('NVJITLINK_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT', 3)
+NVJITLINK_ERROR_PTX_COMPILE = nvJitLinkResult.define('NVJITLINK_ERROR_PTX_COMPILE', 4)
+NVJITLINK_ERROR_NVVM_COMPILE = nvJitLinkResult.define('NVJITLINK_ERROR_NVVM_COMPILE', 5)
+NVJITLINK_ERROR_INTERNAL = nvJitLinkResult.define('NVJITLINK_ERROR_INTERNAL', 6)
+
+nvJitLinkInputType = CEnum(ctypes.c_uint32)
+NVJITLINK_INPUT_NONE = nvJitLinkInputType.define('NVJITLINK_INPUT_NONE', 0)
+NVJITLINK_INPUT_CUBIN = nvJitLinkInputType.define('NVJITLINK_INPUT_CUBIN', 1)
+NVJITLINK_INPUT_PTX = nvJitLinkInputType.define('NVJITLINK_INPUT_PTX', 2)
+NVJITLINK_INPUT_LTOIR = nvJitLinkInputType.define('NVJITLINK_INPUT_LTOIR', 3)
+NVJITLINK_INPUT_FATBIN = nvJitLinkInputType.define('NVJITLINK_INPUT_FATBIN', 4)
+NVJITLINK_INPUT_OBJECT = nvJitLinkInputType.define('NVJITLINK_INPUT_OBJECT', 5)
+NVJITLINK_INPUT_LIBRARY = nvJitLinkInputType.define('NVJITLINK_INPUT_LIBRARY', 6)
+
+class struct_nvJitLink(Struct): pass
+nvJitLinkHandle = ctypes.POINTER(struct_nvJitLink)
+uint32_t = ctypes.c_uint32
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkCreate(nvJitLinkHandle *handle, uint32_t numOptions, const char **options)
+try: (nvJitLinkCreate:=dll.nvJitLinkCreate).restype, nvJitLinkCreate.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [ctypes.POINTER(nvJitLinkHandle), uint32_t, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkDestroy(nvJitLinkHandle *handle)
+try: (nvJitLinkDestroy:=dll.nvJitLinkDestroy).restype, nvJitLinkDestroy.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [ctypes.POINTER(nvJitLinkHandle)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+size_t = ctypes.c_uint64
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkAddData(nvJitLinkHandle handle, nvJitLinkInputType inputType, const void *data, size_t size, const char *name)
+try: (nvJitLinkAddData:=dll.nvJitLinkAddData).restype, nvJitLinkAddData.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, nvJitLinkInputType, ctypes.c_void_p, size_t, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkAddFile(nvJitLinkHandle handle, nvJitLinkInputType inputType, const char *fileName)
+try: (nvJitLinkAddFile:=dll.nvJitLinkAddFile).restype, nvJitLinkAddFile.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, nvJitLinkInputType, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkComplete(nvJitLinkHandle handle)
+try: (nvJitLinkComplete:=dll.nvJitLinkComplete).restype, nvJitLinkComplete.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize:=dll.nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize).restype, nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin(nvJitLinkHandle handle, void *cubin)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin:=dll.nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin).restype, nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.c_void_p]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize:=dll.nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize).restype, nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *ptx)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx:=dll.nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx).restype, nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize:=dll.nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize).restype, nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetErrorLog(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *log)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetErrorLog:=dll.nvJitLinkGetErrorLog).restype, nvJitLinkGetErrorLog.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize:=dll.nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize).restype, nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetInfoLog(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *log)
+try: (nvJitLinkGetInfoLog:=dll.nvJitLinkGetInfoLog).restype, nvJitLinkGetInfoLog.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkVersion(unsigned int *major, unsigned int *minor)
+try: (nvJitLinkVersion:=dll.nvJitLinkVersion).restype, nvJitLinkVersion.argtypes = nvJitLinkResult, [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint32), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint32)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+

tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvrtc.py

@@ -1,581 +1,113 @@
 # mypy: ignore-errors
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-#
-# TARGET arch is: []
-# WORD_SIZE is: 8
-# POINTER_SIZE is: 8
-# LONGDOUBLE_SIZE is: 16
-#
-import ctypes, ctypes.util
+import ctypes
+from tinygrad.helpers import unwrap
+from tinygrad.runtime.support.c import Struct, CEnum, _IO, _IOW, _IOR, _IOWR
+from ctypes.util import find_library
+def dll():
+  try: return ctypes.CDLL(unwrap(find_library('nvrtc')))
+  except: pass
+  return None
+dll = dll()
 
+nvrtcResult = CEnum(ctypes.c_uint32)
+NVRTC_SUCCESS = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_SUCCESS', 0)
+NVRTC_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY', 1)
+NVRTC_ERROR_PROGRAM_CREATION_FAILURE = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_PROGRAM_CREATION_FAILURE', 2)
+NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT', 3)
+NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_PROGRAM = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_PROGRAM', 4)
+NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_OPTION = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_OPTION', 5)
+NVRTC_ERROR_COMPILATION = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_COMPILATION', 6)
+NVRTC_ERROR_BUILTIN_OPERATION_FAILURE = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_BUILTIN_OPERATION_FAILURE', 7)
+NVRTC_ERROR_NO_NAME_EXPRESSIONS_AFTER_COMPILATION = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_NO_NAME_EXPRESSIONS_AFTER_COMPILATION', 8)
+NVRTC_ERROR_NO_LOWERED_NAMES_BEFORE_COMPILATION = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_NO_LOWERED_NAMES_BEFORE_COMPILATION', 9)
+NVRTC_ERROR_NAME_EXPRESSION_NOT_VALID = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_NAME_EXPRESSION_NOT_VALID', 10)
+NVRTC_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = nvrtcResult.define('NVRTC_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR', 11)
 
-_libraries = {}
-_libraries['libnvrtc.so'] = ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('nvrtc'))
-def string_cast(char_pointer, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
-    value = ctypes.cast(char_pointer, ctypes.c_char_p).value
-    if value is not None and encoding is not None:
-        value = value.decode(encoding, errors=errors)
-    return value
+# const char *nvrtcGetErrorString(nvrtcResult result)
+try: (nvrtcGetErrorString:=dll.nvrtcGetErrorString).restype, nvrtcGetErrorString.argtypes = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), [nvrtcResult]
+except AttributeError: pass
 
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcVersion(int *major, int *minor)
+try: (nvrtcVersion:=dll.nvrtcVersion).restype, nvrtcVersion.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32)]
+except AttributeError: pass
 
-def char_pointer_cast(string, encoding='utf-8'):
-    if encoding is not None:
-        try:
-            string = string.encode(encoding)
-        except AttributeError:
-            # In Python3, bytes has no encode attribute
-            pass
-    string = ctypes.c_char_p(string)
-    return ctypes.cast(string, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs(int *numArchs)
+try: (nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs:=dll.nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs).restype, nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32)]
+except AttributeError: pass
 
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetSupportedArchs(int *supportedArchs)
+try: (nvrtcGetSupportedArchs:=dll.nvrtcGetSupportedArchs).restype, nvrtcGetSupportedArchs.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32)]
+except AttributeError: pass
 
-
-class AsDictMixin:
-    import sys
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 14): _layout_ = 'ms'
-    @classmethod
-    def as_dict(cls, self):
-        result = {}
-        if not isinstance(self, AsDictMixin):
-            # not a structure, assume it's already a python object
-            return self
-        if not hasattr(cls, "_fields_"):
-            return result
-        # sys.version_info >= (3, 5)
-        # for (field, *_) in cls._fields_:  # noqa
-        for field_tuple in cls._fields_:  # noqa
-            field = field_tuple[0]
-            if field.startswith('PADDING_'):
-                continue
-            value = getattr(self, field)
-            type_ = type(value)
-            if hasattr(value, "_length_") and hasattr(value, "_type_"):
-                # array
-                if not hasattr(type_, "as_dict"):
-                    value = [v for v in value]
-                else:
-                    type_ = type_._type_
-                    value = [type_.as_dict(v) for v in value]
-            elif hasattr(value, "contents") and hasattr(value, "_type_"):
-                # pointer
-                try:
-                    if not hasattr(type_, "as_dict"):
-                        value = value.contents
-                    else:
-                        type_ = type_._type_
-                        value = type_.as_dict(value.contents)
-                except ValueError:
-                    # nullptr
-                    value = None
-            elif isinstance(value, AsDictMixin):
-                # other structure
-                value = type_.as_dict(value)
-            result[field] = value
-        return result
-
-
-class Structure(ctypes.Structure, AsDictMixin):
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
-        # We don't want to use positional arguments fill PADDING_* fields
-
-        args = dict(zip(self.__class__._field_names_(), args))
-        args.update(kwds)
-        super(Structure, self).__init__(**args)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _field_names_(cls):
-        if hasattr(cls, '_fields_'):
-            return (f[0] for f in cls._fields_ if not f[0].startswith('PADDING'))
-        else:
-            return ()
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_type(cls, field):
-        for f in cls._fields_:
-            if f[0] == field:
-                return f[1]
-        return None
-
-    @classmethod
-    def bind(cls, bound_fields):
-        fields = {}
-        for name, type_ in cls._fields_:
-            if hasattr(type_, "restype"):
-                if name in bound_fields:
-                    if bound_fields[name] is None:
-                        fields[name] = type_()
-                    else:
-                        # use a closure to capture the callback from the loop scope
-                        fields[name] = (
-                            type_((lambda callback: lambda *args: callback(*args))(
-                                bound_fields[name]))
-                        )
-                    del bound_fields[name]
-                else:
-                    # default callback implementation (does nothing)
-                    try:
-                        default_ = type_(0).restype().value
-                    except TypeError:
-                        default_ = None
-                    fields[name] = type_((
-                        lambda default_: lambda *args: default_)(default_))
-            else:
-                # not a callback function, use default initialization
-                if name in bound_fields:
-                    fields[name] = bound_fields[name]
-                    del bound_fields[name]
-                else:
-                    fields[name] = type_()
-        if len(bound_fields) != 0:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Cannot bind the following unknown callback(s) {}.{}".format(
-                    cls.__name__, bound_fields.keys()
-            ))
-        return cls(**fields)
-
-
-class Union(ctypes.Union, AsDictMixin):
-    pass
-
-
-
-_libraries['libnvJitLink.so'] = ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('nvJitLink'))
-c_int128 = ctypes.c_ubyte*16
-c_uint128 = c_int128
-void = None
-if ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_longdouble) == 16:
-    c_long_double_t = ctypes.c_longdouble
-else:
-    c_long_double_t = ctypes.c_ubyte*16
-
-
-
-
-# values for enumeration 'c__EA_nvrtcResult'
-c__EA_nvrtcResult__enumvalues = {
-    0: 'NVRTC_SUCCESS',
-    1: 'NVRTC_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY',
-    2: 'NVRTC_ERROR_PROGRAM_CREATION_FAILURE',
-    3: 'NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT',
-    4: 'NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_PROGRAM',
-    5: 'NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_OPTION',
-    6: 'NVRTC_ERROR_COMPILATION',
-    7: 'NVRTC_ERROR_BUILTIN_OPERATION_FAILURE',
-    8: 'NVRTC_ERROR_NO_NAME_EXPRESSIONS_AFTER_COMPILATION',
-    9: 'NVRTC_ERROR_NO_LOWERED_NAMES_BEFORE_COMPILATION',
-    10: 'NVRTC_ERROR_NAME_EXPRESSION_NOT_VALID',
-    11: 'NVRTC_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR',
-    12: 'NVRTC_ERROR_TIME_FILE_WRITE_FAILED',
-}
-NVRTC_SUCCESS = 0
-NVRTC_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY = 1
-NVRTC_ERROR_PROGRAM_CREATION_FAILURE = 2
-NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT = 3
-NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_PROGRAM = 4
-NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_OPTION = 5
-NVRTC_ERROR_COMPILATION = 6
-NVRTC_ERROR_BUILTIN_OPERATION_FAILURE = 7
-NVRTC_ERROR_NO_NAME_EXPRESSIONS_AFTER_COMPILATION = 8
-NVRTC_ERROR_NO_LOWERED_NAMES_BEFORE_COMPILATION = 9
-NVRTC_ERROR_NAME_EXPRESSION_NOT_VALID = 10
-NVRTC_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 11
-NVRTC_ERROR_TIME_FILE_WRITE_FAILED = 12
-c__EA_nvrtcResult = ctypes.c_uint32 # enum
-nvrtcResult = c__EA_nvrtcResult
-nvrtcResult__enumvalues = c__EA_nvrtcResult__enumvalues
-try:
-    nvrtcGetErrorString = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetErrorString
-    nvrtcGetErrorString.restype = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)
-    nvrtcGetErrorString.argtypes = [nvrtcResult]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcVersion = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcVersion
-    nvrtcVersion.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcVersion.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs
-    nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetSupportedArchs = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetSupportedArchs
-    nvrtcGetSupportedArchs.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetSupportedArchs.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-class struct__nvrtcProgram(Structure):
-    pass
-
+class struct__nvrtcProgram(Struct): pass
 nvrtcProgram = ctypes.POINTER(struct__nvrtcProgram)
-try:
-    nvrtcCreateProgram = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcCreateProgram
-    nvrtcCreateProgram.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcCreateProgram.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(struct__nvrtcProgram)), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcDestroyProgram = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcDestroyProgram
-    nvrtcDestroyProgram.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcDestroyProgram.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(struct__nvrtcProgram))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcCompileProgram = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcCompileProgram
-    nvrtcCompileProgram.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcCompileProgram.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetPTXSize = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetPTXSize
-    nvrtcGetPTXSize.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetPTXSize.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetPTX = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetPTX
-    nvrtcGetPTX.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetPTX.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetCUBINSize = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetCUBINSize
-    nvrtcGetCUBINSize.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetCUBINSize.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetCUBIN = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetCUBIN
-    nvrtcGetCUBIN.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetCUBIN.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetNVVMSize = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetNVVMSize
-    nvrtcGetNVVMSize.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetNVVMSize.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetNVVM = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetNVVM
-    nvrtcGetNVVM.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetNVVM.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetLTOIRSize = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetLTOIRSize
-    nvrtcGetLTOIRSize.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetLTOIRSize.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetLTOIR = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetLTOIR
-    nvrtcGetLTOIR.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetLTOIR.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize
-    nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetOptiXIR = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetOptiXIR
-    nvrtcGetOptiXIR.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetOptiXIR.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetProgramLogSize = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetProgramLogSize
-    nvrtcGetProgramLogSize.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetProgramLogSize.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetProgramLog = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetProgramLog
-    nvrtcGetProgramLog.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetProgramLog.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcAddNameExpression = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcAddNameExpression
-    nvrtcAddNameExpression.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcAddNameExpression.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvrtcGetLoweredName = _libraries['libnvrtc.so'].nvrtcGetLoweredName
-    nvrtcGetLoweredName.restype = nvrtcResult
-    nvrtcGetLoweredName.argtypes = [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcCreateProgram(nvrtcProgram *prog, const char *src, const char *name, int numHeaders, const char *const *headers, const char *const *includeNames)
+try: (nvrtcCreateProgram:=dll.nvrtcCreateProgram).restype, nvrtcCreateProgram.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [ctypes.POINTER(nvrtcProgram), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
+except AttributeError: pass
 
-# values for enumeration 'c__EA_nvJitLinkResult'
-c__EA_nvJitLinkResult__enumvalues = {
-    0: 'NVJITLINK_SUCCESS',
-    1: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_OPTION',
-    2: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_MISSING_ARCH',
-    3: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT',
-    4: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_PTX_COMPILE',
-    5: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_NVVM_COMPILE',
-    6: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_INTERNAL',
-    7: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_THREADPOOL',
-    8: 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_INPUT',
-}
-NVJITLINK_SUCCESS = 0
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_OPTION = 1
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_MISSING_ARCH = 2
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT = 3
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_PTX_COMPILE = 4
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_NVVM_COMPILE = 5
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_INTERNAL = 6
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_THREADPOOL = 7
-NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_INPUT = 8
-c__EA_nvJitLinkResult = ctypes.c_uint32 # enum
-nvJitLinkResult = c__EA_nvJitLinkResult
-nvJitLinkResult__enumvalues = c__EA_nvJitLinkResult__enumvalues
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcDestroyProgram(nvrtcProgram *prog)
+try: (nvrtcDestroyProgram:=dll.nvrtcDestroyProgram).restype, nvrtcDestroyProgram.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [ctypes.POINTER(nvrtcProgram)]
+except AttributeError: pass
 
-# values for enumeration 'c__EA_nvJitLinkInputType'
-c__EA_nvJitLinkInputType__enumvalues = {
-    0: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_NONE',
-    1: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_CUBIN',
-    2: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_PTX',
-    3: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_LTOIR',
-    4: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_FATBIN',
-    5: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_OBJECT',
-    6: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_LIBRARY',
-    10: 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_ANY',
-}
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_NONE = 0
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_CUBIN = 1
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_PTX = 2
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_LTOIR = 3
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_FATBIN = 4
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_OBJECT = 5
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_LIBRARY = 6
-NVJITLINK_INPUT_ANY = 10
-c__EA_nvJitLinkInputType = ctypes.c_uint32 # enum
-nvJitLinkInputType = c__EA_nvJitLinkInputType
-nvJitLinkInputType__enumvalues = c__EA_nvJitLinkInputType__enumvalues
-class struct_nvJitLink(Structure):
-    pass
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcCompileProgram(nvrtcProgram prog, int numOptions, const char *const *options)
+try: (nvrtcCompileProgram:=dll.nvrtcCompileProgram).restype, nvrtcCompileProgram.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.c_int32, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
+except AttributeError: pass
 
-nvJitLinkHandle = ctypes.POINTER(struct_nvJitLink)
-uint32_t = ctypes.c_uint32
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkCreate_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkCreate_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkCreate_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkCreate_12_4.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(struct_nvJitLink)), uint32_t, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkCreate = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkCreate
-    nvJitLinkCreate.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkCreate.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(struct_nvJitLink)), uint32_t, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkDestroy_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkDestroy_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkDestroy_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkDestroy_12_4.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(struct_nvJitLink))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkDestroy = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkDestroy
-    nvJitLinkDestroy.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkDestroy.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(struct_nvJitLink))]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
 size_t = ctypes.c_uint64
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkAddData_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkAddData_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkAddData_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkAddData_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, nvJitLinkInputType, ctypes.POINTER(None), size_t, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkAddData = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkAddData
-    nvJitLinkAddData.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkAddData.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, nvJitLinkInputType, ctypes.POINTER(None), size_t, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkAddFile_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkAddFile_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkAddFile_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkAddFile_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, nvJitLinkInputType, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkAddFile = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkAddFile
-    nvJitLinkAddFile.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkAddFile.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, nvJitLinkInputType, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkComplete_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkComplete_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkComplete_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkComplete_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkComplete = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkComplete
-    nvJitLinkComplete.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkComplete.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(None)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(None)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize
-    nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetErrorLog_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetErrorLog_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetErrorLog_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetErrorLog_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetErrorLog = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetErrorLog
-    nvJitLinkGetErrorLog.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetErrorLog.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize
-    nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    __nvJitLinkGetInfoLog_12_4 = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].__nvJitLinkGetInfoLog_12_4
-    __nvJitLinkGetInfoLog_12_4.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    __nvJitLinkGetInfoLog_12_4.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkGetInfoLog = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkGetInfoLog
-    nvJitLinkGetInfoLog.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkGetInfoLog.argtypes = [nvJitLinkHandle, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-try:
-    nvJitLinkVersion = _libraries['libnvJitLink.so'].nvJitLinkVersion
-    nvJitLinkVersion.restype = nvJitLinkResult
-    nvJitLinkVersion.argtypes = [ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint32), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint32)]
-except AttributeError:
-    pass
-__all__ = \
-    ['NVJITLINK_ERROR_INTERNAL', 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT',
-    'NVJITLINK_ERROR_MISSING_ARCH', 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_NVVM_COMPILE',
-    'NVJITLINK_ERROR_PTX_COMPILE', 'NVJITLINK_ERROR_THREADPOOL',
-    'NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_INPUT',
-    'NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_OPTION', 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_ANY',
-    'NVJITLINK_INPUT_CUBIN', 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_FATBIN',
-    'NVJITLINK_INPUT_LIBRARY', 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_LTOIR',
-    'NVJITLINK_INPUT_NONE', 'NVJITLINK_INPUT_OBJECT',
-    'NVJITLINK_INPUT_PTX', 'NVJITLINK_SUCCESS',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_BUILTIN_OPERATION_FAILURE',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_COMPILATION', 'NVRTC_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT', 'NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_OPTION',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_INVALID_PROGRAM',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_NAME_EXPRESSION_NOT_VALID',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_NO_LOWERED_NAMES_BEFORE_COMPILATION',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_NO_NAME_EXPRESSIONS_AFTER_COMPILATION',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_PROGRAM_CREATION_FAILURE',
-    'NVRTC_ERROR_TIME_FILE_WRITE_FAILED', 'NVRTC_SUCCESS',
-    '__nvJitLinkAddData_12_4', '__nvJitLinkAddFile_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkComplete_12_4', '__nvJitLinkCreate_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkDestroy_12_4', '__nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkGetErrorLog_12_4', '__nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkGetInfoLog_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize_12_4',
-    '__nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx_12_4', 'c__EA_nvJitLinkInputType',
-    'c__EA_nvJitLinkResult', 'c__EA_nvrtcResult', 'nvJitLinkAddData',
-    'nvJitLinkAddFile', 'nvJitLinkComplete', 'nvJitLinkCreate',
-    'nvJitLinkDestroy', 'nvJitLinkGetErrorLog',
-    'nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize', 'nvJitLinkGetInfoLog',
-    'nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize', 'nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin',
-    'nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize', 'nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx',
-    'nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize', 'nvJitLinkHandle',
-    'nvJitLinkInputType', 'nvJitLinkInputType__enumvalues',
-    'nvJitLinkResult', 'nvJitLinkResult__enumvalues',
-    'nvJitLinkVersion', 'nvrtcAddNameExpression',
-    'nvrtcCompileProgram', 'nvrtcCreateProgram',
-    'nvrtcDestroyProgram', 'nvrtcGetCUBIN', 'nvrtcGetCUBINSize',
-    'nvrtcGetErrorString', 'nvrtcGetLTOIR', 'nvrtcGetLTOIRSize',
-    'nvrtcGetLoweredName', 'nvrtcGetNVVM', 'nvrtcGetNVVMSize',
-    'nvrtcGetNumSupportedArchs', 'nvrtcGetOptiXIR',
-    'nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize', 'nvrtcGetPTX', 'nvrtcGetPTXSize',
-    'nvrtcGetProgramLog', 'nvrtcGetProgramLogSize',
-    'nvrtcGetSupportedArchs', 'nvrtcProgram', 'nvrtcResult',
-    'nvrtcResult__enumvalues', 'nvrtcVersion', 'size_t',
-    'struct__nvrtcProgram', 'struct_nvJitLink', 'uint32_t']
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetPTXSize(nvrtcProgram prog, size_t *ptxSizeRet)
+try: (nvrtcGetPTXSize:=dll.nvrtcGetPTXSize).restype, nvrtcGetPTXSize.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetPTX(nvrtcProgram prog, char *ptx)
+try: (nvrtcGetPTX:=dll.nvrtcGetPTX).restype, nvrtcGetPTX.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetCUBINSize(nvrtcProgram prog, size_t *cubinSizeRet)
+try: (nvrtcGetCUBINSize:=dll.nvrtcGetCUBINSize).restype, nvrtcGetCUBINSize.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetCUBIN(nvrtcProgram prog, char *cubin)
+try: (nvrtcGetCUBIN:=dll.nvrtcGetCUBIN).restype, nvrtcGetCUBIN.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# __attribute__((deprecated("This function will be removed in a future release. Please use nvrtcGetLTOIRSize instead"))) nvrtcResult nvrtcGetNVVMSize(nvrtcProgram prog, size_t *nvvmSizeRet)
+try: (nvrtcGetNVVMSize:=dll.nvrtcGetNVVMSize).restype, nvrtcGetNVVMSize.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# __attribute__((deprecated("This function will be removed in a future release. Please use nvrtcGetLTOIR instead"))) nvrtcResult nvrtcGetNVVM(nvrtcProgram prog, char *nvvm)
+try: (nvrtcGetNVVM:=dll.nvrtcGetNVVM).restype, nvrtcGetNVVM.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetLTOIRSize(nvrtcProgram prog, size_t *LTOIRSizeRet)
+try: (nvrtcGetLTOIRSize:=dll.nvrtcGetLTOIRSize).restype, nvrtcGetLTOIRSize.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetLTOIR(nvrtcProgram prog, char *LTOIR)
+try: (nvrtcGetLTOIR:=dll.nvrtcGetLTOIR).restype, nvrtcGetLTOIR.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize(nvrtcProgram prog, size_t *optixirSizeRet)
+try: (nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize:=dll.nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize).restype, nvrtcGetOptiXIRSize.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetOptiXIR(nvrtcProgram prog, char *optixir)
+try: (nvrtcGetOptiXIR:=dll.nvrtcGetOptiXIR).restype, nvrtcGetOptiXIR.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetProgramLogSize(nvrtcProgram prog, size_t *logSizeRet)
+try: (nvrtcGetProgramLogSize:=dll.nvrtcGetProgramLogSize).restype, nvrtcGetProgramLogSize.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(size_t)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetProgramLog(nvrtcProgram prog, char *log)
+try: (nvrtcGetProgramLog:=dll.nvrtcGetProgramLog).restype, nvrtcGetProgramLog.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcAddNameExpression(nvrtcProgram prog, const char *const name_expression)
+try: (nvrtcAddNameExpression:=dll.nvrtcAddNameExpression).restype, nvrtcAddNameExpression.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+# nvrtcResult nvrtcGetLoweredName(nvrtcProgram prog, const char *const name_expression, const char **lowered_name)
+try: (nvrtcGetLoweredName:=dll.nvrtcGetLoweredName).restype, nvrtcGetLoweredName.argtypes = nvrtcResult, [nvrtcProgram, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char))]
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+__DEPRECATED__ = lambda msg: __attribute__((deprecated(msg)))