Merge branch 'master' into sched_lin

tests for cast there and back (#13195 )
* fix cast folding in llama * dtypes that work everywhere * Skip test_cast_there_and_back for backend casts Skip test due to backend casting issues.
2025-11-14 18:31:09 -08:00 · 2025-11-14 16:56:09 -08:00 · 2025-11-14 16:47:52 -08:00 · 2025-11-14 14:08:42 -08:00 · 2025-11-14 13:55:32 -08:00 · 2025-11-15 01:08:56 +08:00
607 changed files with 196123 additions and 204403 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[run]
+source = tinygrad
+branch = True
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ inputs:
    description: "Install LLVM?"
    required: false
    default: 'false'
+  mesa:
+    description: "Install mesa"
+    required: false
+    default: 'false'
 runs:
  using: "composite"
  steps:
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ runs:
      uses: actions/cache@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/.venv
-        key: venv-${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ steps.setup-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ inputs.deps }}-${{ inputs.pydeps }}-${{ hashFiles('**/setup.py') }}-${{ env.PYTHON_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: venv-${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ steps.setup-python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ inputs.deps }}-${{ inputs.pydeps }}-${{ hashFiles('**/pyproject.toml') }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}

    # **** Caching downloads ****

@@ -66,13 +70,13 @@ runs:
      uses: actions/cache@v4
      with:
        path: ~/.cache/tinygrad/downloads/
-        key: downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
    - name: Cache downloads (macOS)
      if: inputs.key != '' && runner.os == 'macOS'
      uses: actions/cache@v4
      with:
        path: ~/Library/Caches/tinygrad/downloads/
-        key: osx-downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: osx-downloads-cache-${{ inputs.key }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}

    # **** Python deps ****

@@ -183,7 +187,7 @@ runs:
      uses: actions/cache@v4
      with:
        path: /var/cache/apt/archives/
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-apt-${{ steps.apt-pkgs.outputs.hash }}-${{ env.APT_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-apt-${{ steps.apt-pkgs.outputs.hash }}-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}

    - name: Run apt Update + Install
      if: runner.os == 'Linux' && (inputs.opencl == 'true' || inputs.amd == 'true' || inputs.cuda == 'true' || inputs.webgpu == 'true' || inputs.llvm == 'true')
@@ -243,7 +247,7 @@ runs:
        cache-name: cache-gpuocelot-build-1
      with:
        path: ${{ github.workspace }}/gpuocelot/ocelot
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-gpuocelot-b16039dc940dc6bc4ea0a98380495769ff35ed99-rebuild-${{ env.BUILD_CACHE_VERSION }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-gpuocelot-b16039dc940dc6bc4ea0a98380495769ff35ed99-rebuild-${{ env.CACHE_VERSION }}
    - name: Clone/compile gpuocelot
      if: inputs.ocelot == 'true' && steps.cache-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
      shell: bash
@@ -289,3 +293,13 @@ runs:
      if: inputs.llvm == 'true' && runner.os == 'macOS'
      shell: bash
      run: brew install llvm@20
+
+    # **** mesa ****
+    - name: Install mesa (linux)
+      if: inputs.mesa == 'true' && runner.os == 'Linux'
+      shell: bash
+      run: sudo curl -L https://github.com/sirhcm/tinymesa/releases/download/tinymesa-32dc66c/libtinymesa_cpu-mesa-25.2.4-linux-amd64.so -o /usr/lib/libtinymesa_cpu.so
+    - name: Install mesa (macOS)
+      if: inputs.mesa == 'true' && runner.os == 'macOS'
+      shell: bash
+      run: brew install sirhcm/tinymesa/tinymesa_cpu
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 name: Autogen
 env:
  # increment this when downloads substantially change to avoid the internet
-  DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION: '12'
-  PYTHON_CACHE_VERSION: '3'
-  APT_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
-  BUILD_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
+  CACHE_VERSION: '13'
  CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY: 1
  GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  PYTHONPATH: ${{ github.workspace }}
@@ -14,15 +11,15 @@ on:
    branches:
      - master
  pull_request:
-    paths: 
+    paths:
    - 'tinygrad/runtime/autogen/**/*'
  workflow_dispatch:
-    paths: 
+    paths:
    - 'tinygrad/runtime/autogen/**/*'

 jobs:
  autogen:
-    name: Autogen
+    name: In-tree Autogen
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    timeout-minutes: 15
    steps:
@@ -34,58 +31,149 @@ jobs:
        opencl: 'true'
        amd: 'true'
        cuda: 'true'
-        webgpu: 'true'
        llvm: 'true'
+        webgpu: 'true'
+        mesa: 'true'
+        pydeps: 'clang>=20 pyyaml mako'
    - name: Install autogen support packages
-      run: sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends llvm-14-dev libclang-14-dev
+      run: sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libclang-20-dev llvm-20-dev hip-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev
    - name: Verify OpenCL autogen
      run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/opencl.py /tmp/opencl.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh opencl
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/opencl.py /tmp/opencl.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import opencl"
        diff /tmp/opencl.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/opencl.py
    - name: Verify CUDA autogen
      run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/cuda.py /tmp/cuda.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_gpu.py /tmp/nv_gpu.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh cuda
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh nv
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/cuda.py /tmp/cuda.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvrtc.py /tmp/nvrtc.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvjitlink.py /tmp/nvjitlink.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_570.py /tmp/nv_570.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv.py /tmp/nv.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import cuda, nvrtc, nvjitlink, nv_570, nv"
        diff /tmp/cuda.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/cuda.py
-        diff /tmp/nv_gpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_gpu.py
+        diff /tmp/nvrtc.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvrtc.py
+        diff /tmp/nvjitlink.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nvjitlink.py
+        diff /tmp/nv_570.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_570.py
+        diff /tmp/nv.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv.py
    - name: Verify AMD autogen
      run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py /tmp/hsa.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py /tmp/kfd.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr.py /tmp/comgr.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/amd_gpu.py /tmp/amd_gpu.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/sqtt.py /tmp/sqtt.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh hsa
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh kfd
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh comgr
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh amd
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh sqtt
-        diff /tmp/hsa.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py
-        diff /tmp/kfd.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr.py /tmp/comgr.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py /tmp/hsa.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hip.py /tmp/hip.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/amd_gpu.py /tmp/amd_gpu.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/sqtt.py /tmp/sqtt.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/rocprof.py /tmp/rocprof.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/am.py /tmp/am_am.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_soc15.py /tmp/am_pm4_soc15.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_nv.py /tmp/am_pm4_nv.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_4_0_0.py /tmp/am_sdma_4_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_5_0_0.py /tmp/am_sdma_5_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_6_0_0.py /tmp/am_sdma_6_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v13_0_0.py /tmp/am_smu_v13_0_0.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v14_0_2.py /tmp/am_smu_v14_0_2.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import comgr, hsa, hip, amd_gpu, sqtt, rocprof; from tinygrad.runtime.autogen.am import am, pm4_soc15, pm4_nv, sdma_4_0_0, sdma_5_0_0, sdma_6_0_0, smu_v13_0_0, smu_v14_0_2"
        diff /tmp/comgr.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr.py
+        diff /tmp/hsa.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hsa.py
+        diff /tmp/hip.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/hip.py
        diff /tmp/amd_gpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/amd_gpu.py
        diff /tmp/sqtt.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/sqtt.py
+        diff /tmp/rocprof.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/rocprof.py
+        diff /tmp/am_am.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/am.py
+        diff /tmp/am_pm4_soc15.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_soc15.py
+        diff /tmp/am_pm4_nv.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/pm4_nv.py
+        diff /tmp/am_sdma_4_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_4_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_sdma_5_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_5_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_sdma_6_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/sdma_6_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_smu_v13_0_0.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v13_0_0.py
+        diff /tmp/am_smu_v14_0_2.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/am/smu_v14_0_2.py
    - name: Verify Linux autogen
      run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libc.py /tmp/libc.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/io_uring.py /tmp/io_uring.py.bak
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/ib.py /tmp/ib.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh libc
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh io_uring
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh ib
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libc.py /tmp/libc.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py /tmp/kfd.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/io_uring.py /tmp/io_uring.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/ib.py /tmp/ib.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/pci.py /tmp/pci.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/vfio.py /tmp/vfio.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import libc, kfd, io_uring, ib, pci, vfio"
        diff /tmp/libc.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libc.py
+        diff /tmp/kfd.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kfd.py
        diff /tmp/io_uring.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/io_uring.py
        diff /tmp/ib.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/ib.py
-    - name: Verify WebGPU autogen
-      run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py /tmp/webgpu.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh webgpu
-        diff /tmp/webgpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py
+        diff /tmp/pci.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/pci.py
+        diff /tmp/vfio.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/vfio.py
    - name: Verify LLVM autogen
      run: |
-        cp tinygrad/runtime/autogen/llvm.py /tmp/llvm.py.bak
-        ./autogen_stubs.sh llvm
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/llvm.py /tmp/llvm.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import llvm"
        diff /tmp/llvm.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/llvm.py
+    - name: Verify WebGPU autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py /tmp/webgpu.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import webgpu"
+        diff /tmp/webgpu.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/webgpu.py
+    - name: Verify Qualcomm autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kgsl.py /tmp/kgsl.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/adreno.py /tmp/adreno.py.bak
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/qcom_dsp.py /tmp/qcom_dsp.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import kgsl, adreno, qcom_dsp"
+        diff /tmp/kgsl.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/kgsl.py
+        diff /tmp/adreno.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/adreno.py
+        diff /tmp/qcom_dsp.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/qcom_dsp.py
+    - name: Verify libusb autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libusb.py /tmp/libusb.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import libusb"
+        diff /tmp/libusb.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libusb.py
+    - name: Verify mesa autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/mesa.py /tmp/mesa.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import mesa"
+        diff /tmp/mesa.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/mesa.py
+    - name: Verify libclang autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libclang.py /tmp/libclang.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import libclang"
+        diff /tmp/libclang.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/libclang.py
+  autogen-mac:
+    name: In-tree Autogen (macos)
+    runs-on: macos-14
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout Code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Setup Environment
+      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
+      with:
+        llvm: 'true'
+        pydeps: 'clang>=20'
+    - name: Verify macos autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/metal.py /tmp/metal.py.bak
+        LIBCLANG_PATH=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@20/lib/libclang.dylib python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import metal"
+        diff /tmp/metal.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/metal.py
+  autogen-comgr-3:
+    name: In-tree Autogen (comgr 3)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout Code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Setup Environment
+      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
+      with:
+        pydeps: 'clang>=20'
+    - name: Install autogen support packages
+      run: |
+        wget https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/rocm.gpg.key -O - | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg > /dev/null
+        sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rocm.list <<EOF
+        deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg] https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/6.4 $(lsb_release -cs) main
+        EOF
+        echo -e 'Package: *\nPin: release o=repo.radeon.com\nPin-Priority: 600' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/rocm-pin-600
+        sudo apt -qq update || true
+        sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libclang-20-dev comgr
+    - name: Verify comgr (3) autogen
+      run: |
+        mv tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr_3.py /tmp/comgr_3.py.bak
+        python3 -c "from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import comgr_3"
+        diff /tmp/comgr_3.py.bak tinygrad/runtime/autogen/comgr_3.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
      # since sudo is required for usbgpu on macos, move the cache to a new location, as some of the files are owned by root
      PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX: /tmp/tiny_python_pycache
    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS]
-    timeout-minutes: 20
+    timeout-minutes: 60
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -51,15 +51,18 @@ jobs:
        rm -f /tmp/staging.db /tmp/staging.db-shm /tmp/staging.db-wal
    - name: reset process replay
      run: python3.11 test/external/process_replay/reset.py
+    - name: Print macOS version
+      run: sw_vers
    - name: Run Stable Diffusion
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=500 python3.11 examples/stable_diffusion.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=800 python3.11 examples/stable_diffusion.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd.txt
    - name: Run Stable Diffusion without fp16
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_fp32 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=700 python3.11 examples/stable_diffusion.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd_no_fp16.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_fp32 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=800 python3.11 examples/stable_diffusion.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd_no_fp16.txt
    - name: Run Stable Diffusion v2
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_v2 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=1600 python3.11 examples/sdv2.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdv2.txt
+      # TODO: very slow step time
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_v2 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=4500 python3.11 examples/sdv2.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdv2.txt
    # process replay can't capture this, the graph is too large
    - name: Run SDXL
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_xl ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=3000 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 JIT=1 python3.11 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdxl.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_xl ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=5000 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 JIT=1 python3.11 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdxl.txt
    - name: Run model inference benchmark
      run: METAL=1 python3.11 test/external/external_model_benchmark.py
    - name: Test speed vs torch
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: Run GPT2
      run: |
        BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2_nojit JIT=0 python3.11 examples/gpt2.py --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_unjitted.txt
-        BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=8 python3.11 examples/gpt2.py --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_jitted.txt
+        BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=13 python3.11 examples/gpt2.py --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_jitted.txt
    - name: Run GPT2 w HALF
      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2_half HALF=1 python3.11 examples/gpt2.py --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_half.txt
    - name: Run GPT2 w HALF/BEAM
@@ -108,14 +111,19 @@ jobs:
      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=olmoe python3.11 examples/olmoe.py
    - name: Train MNIST
      run: time PYTHONPATH=. TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=96.0 python3.11 examples/beautiful_mnist.py | tee beautiful_mnist.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=320 STEPS=10 python3.11 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half JIT=2 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=385 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3.11 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
+
+    # NOTE: this is failing in CI. it is not failing on my machine and I don't really have a way to debug it
+    # the error is "RuntimeError: Internal Error (0000000e:Internal Error)"
+    #- name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps
+    #  run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=3000 STEPS=10 python3.11 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
+    #- name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
+    #  run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half JIT=2 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=3000 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3.11 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
+
    #- name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
    #  run: STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3.11 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_wino JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=150 WINO=1 STEPS=10 python3.11 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_wino JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=150 WINO=1 STEPS=10 python3.11 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
    - name: UsbGPU boot time
      run: sudo -E PYTHONPATH=. DEBUG=2 AM_RESET=1 AMD=1 AMD_IFACE=USB time python3.11 test/test_tiny.py TestTiny.test_plus
    - name: UsbGPU tiny tests
@@ -123,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: UsbGPU copy speeds
      run: sudo -E PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 AMD_IFACE=USB python3.11 test/external/external_test_usb_asm24.py TestDevCopySpeeds
    #- name: UsbGPU openpilot test
-    #  run: sudo -E PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 AMD_IFACE=USB NOLOCALS=0 IMAGE=0 GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 python3.11 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/9118973ed03c1ae1d40cf69a29507ec2cc78efd7/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx
+    #  run: sudo -E PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 AMD_IFACE=USB GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 python3.11 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/9118973ed03c1ae1d40cf69a29507ec2cc78efd7/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx
    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: Speed (Mac)
@@ -160,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
  testnvidiabenchmark:
    name: tinybox green Benchmark
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinyboxgreen]
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 60
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -191,7 +199,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: Test speed vs torch
      run: NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 HALF=1 BIG=2 TORCHCUDA=1 python3 test/speed/external_test_speed_v_torch.py | tee torch_speed.txt
    - name: Test speed vs theoretical
-      run: NV=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
+      run: NV=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
    - name: Test benchmark allreduce
      run: NV=1 python test/external/external_benchmark_multitensor_allreduce.py
    - name: Test tensor cores
@@ -203,6 +211,7 @@ jobs:
        CUDA=1 SHOULD_USE_TC=1 HALF=1 DEBUG=2 python3 extra/gemm/simple_matmul.py | tee matmul.txt
        CUDA=1 SHOULD_USE_TC=1 BFLOAT16=1 DEBUG=2 python3 extra/gemm/simple_matmul.py | tee matmul_bfloat16.txt
        CUDA=1 SHOULD_USE_TC=1 ALLOW_TF32=1 DEBUG=2 ATOL=2e-2 python3 extra/gemm/simple_matmul.py | tee matmul_tf32.txt
+        CUDA=1 SHOULD_USE_TC=1 FP8E4M3=1 DEBUG=2 python3 extra/gemm/simple_matmul.py | tee matmul_fp8.txt
    - name: Run Tensor Core GEMM (PTX)
      run: NV=1 NV_PTX=1 SHOULD_USE_TC=1 HALF=1 DEBUG=2 python3 extra/gemm/simple_matmul.py | tee matmul_ptx.txt
    - name: Run Tensor Core GEMM (NV)
@@ -213,8 +222,9 @@ jobs:
      run: DEBUG=2 CUDA=1 python -m pytest -rA test/test_tiny.py
    - name: Run Stable Diffusion
      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion NV=1 python3 examples/stable_diffusion.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd.txt
-    - name: Run SDXL
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_xl ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=2000 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 python3 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdxl.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run SDXL
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_xl ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=2000 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 python3 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdxl.txt
    - name: Run LLaMA
      run: |
        BENCHMARK_LOG=llama_nojit NV=1 JIT=0 python3 examples/llama.py --gen 1 --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee llama_unjitted.txt
@@ -229,6 +239,8 @@ jobs:
      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=llama3_beam NV=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 python3 examples/llama3.py --size 8B --model weights/LLaMA-3/8B-SF-DPO/ --benchmark --temperature 0 | tee llama3_beam.txt
    - name: Run LLaMA-3 8B on 4 GPUs with BEAM
      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=llama3_beam_4gpu NV=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 python3 examples/llama3.py --size 8B --shard 4 --model weights/LLaMA-3/8B-SF-DPO/ --benchmark --temperature 0 | tee llama3_four_gpu.txt
+    - name: Run quantized LLaMA3
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=llama3_fp8 python3 examples/llama3.py --size 8B --model weights/LLaMA-3/8B-SF-DPO/ --temperature 0 --benchmark --quantize fp8 | tee llama3_fp8.txt
    # - name: Run LLaMA-3 8B on 6 GPUs
    #   run: NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 python3 examples/llama3.py --size 8B --shard 6 --model weights/LLaMA-3/8B-SF-DPO/ --benchmark --temperature 0 | tee llama3_six_gpu.txt
    # - name: Run LLaMA-2 70B
@@ -238,9 +250,9 @@ jobs:
    - name: Run GPT2
      run: |
        BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2_nojit NV=1 JIT=0 python3 examples/gpt2.py --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_unjitted.txt
-        BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2 NV=1 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=5 python3 examples/gpt2.py --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_jitted.txt
+        BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2 NV=1 JIT=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=4 python3 examples/gpt2.py --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_jitted.txt
    - name: Run GPT2 w HALF
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2_half NV=1 HALF=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=5 python3 examples/gpt2.py --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_half.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2_half NV=1 HALF=1 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=6 python3 examples/gpt2.py --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_half.txt
    - name: Run GPT2 w HALF/BEAM
      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=gpt2_half_beam NV=1 HALF=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 python3 examples/gpt2.py --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee gpt2_half_beam.txt
    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
@@ -262,6 +274,7 @@ jobs:
          llama3_beam.txt
          llama3_four_gpu.txt
          llama3_six_gpu.txt
+          llama3_fp8.txt
          llama_2_70B.txt
          mixtral.txt
          gpt2_unjitted.txt
@@ -274,7 +287,7 @@ jobs:
  testmorenvidiabenchmark:
    name: tinybox green Training Benchmark
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinyboxgreen]
-    timeout-minutes: 20
+    timeout-minutes: 60
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -299,24 +312,28 @@ jobs:
        rm -f /tmp/staging.db /tmp/staging.db-shm /tmp/staging.db-wal
    - name: reset process replay
      run: test/external/process_replay/reset.py
-    - name: Fuzz Padded Tensor Core GEMM (NV)
-      run: NV=1 M_START=12 M_STOP=20 M_STEP=1 N_START=6 N_STOP=10 N_STEP=1 K_START=28 K_STOP=36 K_STEP=1 HALF=1 TC_OPT=2 python3 ./extra/gemm/fuzz_matmul.py
-    - name: Fuzz Padded Tensor Core GEMM (PTX)
-      run: NV=1 NV_PTX=1 M_START=12 M_STOP=20 M_STEP=1 N_START=6 N_STOP=10 N_STEP=1 K_START=28 K_STOP=36 K_STEP=1 HALF=1 TC_OPT=2 python3 ./extra/gemm/fuzz_matmul.py
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Fuzz Padded Tensor Core GEMM (NV)
+    #   run: NV=1 M_START=12 M_STOP=20 M_STEP=1 N_START=6 N_STOP=10 N_STEP=1 K_START=28 K_STOP=36 K_STEP=1 HALF=1 TC_OPT=2 python3 ./extra/gemm/fuzz_matmul.py
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Fuzz Padded Tensor Core GEMM (PTX)
+    #   run: NV=1 NV_PTX=1 M_START=12 M_STOP=20 M_STEP=1 N_START=6 N_STOP=10 N_STEP=1 K_START=28 K_STOP=36 K_STEP=1 HALF=1 TC_OPT=2 python3 ./extra/gemm/fuzz_matmul.py
    - name: Train MNIST
      run: time PYTHONPATH=. NV=1 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=96.0 python3 examples/beautiful_mnist.py | tee beautiful_mnist.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=85 NV=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=68 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_bf16 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=75 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half_wino ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=35 NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 WINO=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF LATEWINO=1 STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.2 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.2 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=1300 NV=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=240 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_bf16 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=270 NV=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half_wino ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=350 NV=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 WINO=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu.txt
    - name: Run MLPerf resnet eval on training data
      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=resnet_eval NV=1 MODEL=resnet python3 examples/mlperf/model_eval.py
    #- name: Run 10 MLPerf ResNet50 training steps (1 gpu)
@@ -346,7 +363,7 @@ jobs:
  testamdbenchmark:
    name: tinybox red Benchmark
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinybox]
-    timeout-minutes: 20
+    timeout-minutes: 60
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -393,7 +410,7 @@ jobs:
    #    python3 -c "import torch; print(torch.__version__)"
    #    LD_PRELOAD="/opt/rocm/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so" HSA=1 BIG=2 TORCHCUDA=1 python3 test/speed/external_test_speed_v_torch.py | tee torch_speed.txt
    - name: Test speed vs theoretical
-      run: AMD=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
+      run: AMD=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 BEAM_DEBUG=1 DEBUG=1 python -m pytest -rA test/external/speed_v_theoretical.py --durations=20
    - name: Test tensor cores
      run: |
        AMD=1 AMD_LLVM=0 python3 test/opt/test_tensor_cores.py
@@ -415,9 +432,10 @@ jobs:
    - name: Test AM warm start time
      run: time AMD=1 python3 test/test_tiny.py TestTiny.test_plus
    - name: Run Stable Diffusion
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=450 AMD=1 python3 examples/stable_diffusion.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd.txt
-    - name: Run SDXL
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_xl ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=1400 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 AMD=1 python3 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdxl.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=550 AMD=1 python3 examples/stable_diffusion.py --fp16 --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sd.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run SDXL
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=stable_diffusion_xl ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=3200 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 AMD=1 python3 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing | tee sdxl.txt
    - name: Run LLaMA 7B
      run: |
        BENCHMARK_LOG=llama_nojit AMD=1 JIT=0 python3 examples/llama.py --gen 1 --prompt "Hello." --count 10 --temperature 0 --timing | tee llama_unjitted.txt
@@ -476,7 +494,7 @@ jobs:
  testmoreamdbenchmark:
    name: tinybox red Training Benchmark
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinybox]
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 60
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -507,20 +525,22 @@ jobs:
      run: test/external/process_replay/reset.py
    - name: Train MNIST
      run: time PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=96.0 python3 examples/beautiful_mnist.py | tee beautiful_mnist.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=85 AMD=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=188 AMD=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_bf16 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=288 AMD=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
-    - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half_wino ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=66 AMD=1 WINO=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF LATEWINO=1 STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.2 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=2000 AMD=1 STEPS=10 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar.txt
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w HALF
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=390 AMD=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_half.txt
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w BF16
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_bf16 ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=288 AMD=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=BFLOAT16 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_bf16.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run 10 CIFAR training steps w winograd
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_10steps_half_wino ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=66 AMD=1 WINO=1 STEPS=10 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_wino.txt
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
    #- name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS
-    #  run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.2 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu.txt
+    #  run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu.txt
    #- name: Run full CIFAR training steps w 6 GPUS (REMOTE)
-    #  run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu_remote REMOTE=1 REMOTEDEV=AMD DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.2 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu_remote.txt
+    #  run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar_6gpu_remote REMOTE=1 REMOTEDEV=AMD DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=350 BS=1536 GPUS=6 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee train_cifar_six_gpu_remote.txt
    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
      with:
        name: Speed (AMD Training)
@@ -539,7 +559,7 @@ jobs:
  testmlperfamdbenchmark:
    name: tinybox red MLPerf Benchmark
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinybox]
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 60
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -605,22 +625,24 @@ jobs:
        rm -f /tmp/staging.db /tmp/staging.db-shm /tmp/staging.db-wal
    - name: reset process replay
      run: test/external/process_replay/reset.py
-    - name: benchmark openpilot 0.9.9 driving_vision
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_vision ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=30 PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 test/external/external_benchmark_openpilot.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
-    - name: benchmark openpilot 0.9.9 driving_policy
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_policy ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=45 PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 test/external/external_benchmark_openpilot.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
-    - name: benchmark openpilot 0.9.9 dmonitoring
-      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_dmonitoring ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=70 PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 test/external/external_benchmark_openpilot.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
-    - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_vision
-      run: PYTHONPATH="." QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
-    - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_policy
-      run: PYTHONPATH="." QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
-    - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 dmonitoring
-      run: PYTHONPATH="." QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
-    - name: openpilot compile3 Space Lab policy + vision
-      run: |
-        PYTHONPATH="." QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/22aec22a10ce09384d4a4af2a0bbff08d54af7e0c888503508f356fae4ff0e29
-        PYTHONPATH="." QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/c824f68646a3b94f117f01c70dc8316fb466e05fbd42ccdba440b8a8dc86914b
+    # - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_vision
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_vision PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
+    # - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 driving_policy
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_policy PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
+    # - name: openpilot compile3 0.9.9 dmonitoring
+    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_9_9_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH=. NOLOCALS=1 FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 QCOM=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.9/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
+    - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.0 driving_policy
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_0_policy PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=4 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.10.0/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
+    - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.0 dmonitoring
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_0_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=11 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.10.0/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
+    - name: DEBUG=2 openpilot compile3 0.10.1 driving_vision
+      run: PYTHONPATH="." DEBUG=2 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
+    - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.1 driving_vision
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_vision PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=17 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_vision.onnx
+    - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.1 driving_policy
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_policy PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=4 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/driving_policy.onnx
+    - name: openpilot compile3 0.10.1 dmonitoring
+      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=openpilot_0_10_1_dmonitoring PYTHONPATH="." ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME=10 DEV=QCOM FLOAT16=1 IMAGE=2 NOLOCALS=1 taskset -c 4-7 python3 examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/720392c9a5b986981fdbed1bb8c47a6c5573a50e/selfdrive/modeld/models/dmonitoring_model.onnx
    - name: benchmark MobileNetV2 on DSP
      run: |
        # generate quantized weights
@@ -628,24 +650,14 @@ jobs:
        ln -s /data/home/tiny/tinygrad/testsig-*.so .
        PYTHONPATH=. CC=clang-19 CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=0 QUANT=1 CNT=0 python3 examples/test_onnx_imagenet.py https://github.com/xamcat/mobcat-samples/raw/refs/heads/master/onnx_runtime/InferencingSample/InferencingSample/mobilenetv2-7.onnx /tmp/model.quant.onnx
        # benchmark on DSP with NOOPT=1, the devectorizer has issues
-        PYTHONPATH=. CC=clang-19 DSP=1 DONT_REALIZE_EXPAND=1 NOOPT=1 CNT=2 DEBUG=2 python3 examples/test_onnx_imagenet.py /tmp/model.quant.onnx
+        PYTHONPATH=. CC=clang-19 DSP=1 NOOPT=1 CNT=2 DEBUG=2 python3 examples/test_onnx_imagenet.py /tmp/model.quant.onnx
    - name: Run process replay tests
      run: cp test/external/process_replay/process_replay.py ./process_replay.py && git fetch origin master && git -c advice.detachedHead=false checkout origin/master && PYTHONPATH=. python3 process_replay.py
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      with:
-        name: Speed (comma)
-        path: |
-          openpilot_compile_0_9_4.txt
-          openpilot_compile_0_9_7.txt
-          openpilot_0_9_4.txt
-          openpilot_0_9_7.txt
-          openpilot_image_0_9_4.txt
-          openpilot_image_0_9_7.txt

  testreddriverbenchmark:
    name: AM Benchmark
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinyboxrandom]
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 20
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -694,8 +706,9 @@ jobs:
      run: |
        AMD=1 GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 PYTHONPATH=. NSZ=8192 python3 test/speed/external_test_copy_speed.py TestCopySpeed.testCopyDefaulttoCPUJit
        AMD=1 GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 PYTHONPATH=. NSZ=8192 python3 test/speed/external_test_copy_speed.py TestCopySpeed.testCopyCPUtoDefaultJit
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF LATEWINO=1 STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.2 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee am_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar AMD=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee am_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
    # TODO: enable
    # - name: Run 10 MLPerf ResNet50 training steps (1 gpu)
    #   run: BENCHMARK_LOG=resnet_10steps AMD=1 MNISTMOCK=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF BENCHMARK=10 BS=256 GPUS=1 MODEL=resnet python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee am_train_resnet_one_gpu.txt
@@ -716,7 +729,7 @@ jobs:
  testgreendriverbenchmark:
    name: NV Benchmark
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinyboxrandom]
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 20
    defaults:
      run:
        shell: bash -e -o pipefail {0}
@@ -757,8 +770,9 @@ jobs:
        NV=1 GRAPH_ONE_KERNEL=1 PYTHONPATH=. NSZ=8192 python3 test/speed/external_test_copy_speed.py TestCopySpeed.testCopyCPUtoDefaultJit
    - name: Test LLAMA-3
      run: BENCHMARK_LOG=llama3_beam NV=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 python3 examples/llama3.py --size 8B --benchmark --temperature 0 | tee nv_llama3_beam.txt
-    - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
-      run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF LATEWINO=1 STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.2 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee nv_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run full CIFAR training w 1 GPU
+    #   run: time BENCHMARK_LOG=cifar NV=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF STEPS=1000 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=93.0 python3 examples/hlb_cifar10.py | tee nv_train_cifar_one_gpu.txt
    #- name: Run 10 MLPerf ResNet50 training steps (1 gpu)
    #  run: BENCHMARK_LOG=resnet_10steps NV=1 MNISTMOCK=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF BENCHMARK=10 BS=256 GPUS=1 MODEL=resnet python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee nv_train_resnet_one_gpu.txt
    - name: Run 10 MLPerf Bert training steps (1 gpu)
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ jobs:
    - name: Run SDXL with new search
      # TODO: GCVM_L2_PROTECTION_FAULT_STATUS with llvm19
      run: |
-        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_sdxl PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1 python examples/sdxl.py --noshow --timing --seed 0
+        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_sdxl PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 JITBEAM=2 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 python examples/sdxl.py --noshow --timing --seed 0
    - name: Run SDXL with cached search
      run: |
        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_sdxl_cached PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 JITBEAM=2 python examples/sdxl.py --noshow --timing --seed 0
    - name: Run winograd cifar with new search
      run: |
-        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_wino_cifar WINO=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF JITBEAM=4 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 DISABLE_COMPILER_CACHE=1 BS=1024 STEPS=500 python examples/hlb_cifar10.py
+        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_wino_cifar WINO=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF JITBEAM=4 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 CCACHE=0 BS=1024 STEPS=500 python examples/hlb_cifar10.py
    - name: Run winograd cifar with cached search
      run: |
        BENCHMARK_LOG=search_wino_cifar_cached WINO=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF JITBEAM=4 BS=1024 STEPS=500 python examples/hlb_cifar10.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
  run_script_job:
    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, tinybox]
    if: github.repository_owner == 'tinygrad'
-    timeout-minutes: 360
+    timeout-minutes: 720

    steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ jobs:
      run: |
        rm "~/.cache/tinygrad/cache_mlperf.db" || true
        BENCHMARK_LOG=mlpert_train_resnet LOGMLPERF=0 CACHEDB="~/.cache/tinygrad/cache_mlperf.db" examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.1/tinycorp/benchmarks/resnet/implementations/tinybox_red/run_and_time.sh
-        rm "~/.cache/tinygrad/cache_mlperf.db"
+        rm "~/.cache/tinygrad/cache_mlperf.db"
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ jobs:
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        pip install setuptools wheel twine
+        pip install setuptools wheel build twine
    - name: Build and publish
      env:
        TWINE_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.PYPI_USERNAME }}
        TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PASSWORD }}
      run: |
-        python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+        python -m build
        twine upload dist/*
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 name: Unit Tests
 env:
  # increment this when downloads substantially change to avoid the internet
-  DOWNLOAD_CACHE_VERSION: '12'
-  PYTHON_CACHE_VERSION: '3'
-  APT_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
-  BUILD_CACHE_VERSION: '1'
+  CACHE_VERSION: '13'
  CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY: 1
  GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  PYTHONPATH: ${{ github.workspace }}
@@ -30,8 +27,6 @@ jobs:
        key: llvm-speed
        deps: testing_minimal
        llvm: 'true'
-    - name: External Benchmark Schedule
-      run: python3 test/external/external_benchmark_schedule.py
    - name: Speed Test
      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 python3 test/speed/external_test_speed_v_torch.py
    - name: Speed Test (BEAM=2)
@@ -48,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
      with:
        deps: docs
-        pydeps: "capstone"
+        pydeps: "capstone torch"
    - name: Build wheel and show size
      run: |
        pip install build
@@ -79,6 +74,8 @@ jobs:
      run: |
        python docs/abstractions2.py
        python docs/abstractions3.py
+    - name: Test README
+      run: awk '/```python/{flag=1;next}/```/{flag=0}flag' README.md > README.py &&  python README.py
    - name: Test Quickstart
      run: awk '/```python/{flag=1;next}/```/{flag=0}flag' docs/quickstart.md > quickstart.py &&  python quickstart.py
    - name: Test DEBUG
@@ -89,64 +86,65 @@ jobs:
        clang -O2 recognize.c -lm -o recognize
        cat test/models/efficientnet/Chicken.jpg | ./recognize | grep cock

-  torchbackend:
-    name: Torch Backend Tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 15
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout Code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Setup Environment
-      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
-      with:
-        key: torch-backend-pillow-torchvision-et-pt
-        deps: testing_minimal
-        pydeps: "pillow torchvision expecttest"
-        llvm: 'true'
-    - name: Install ninja
-      run: |
-        sudo apt update || true
-        sudo apt install -y --no-install-recommends ninja-build
-    - name: Lint with ruff
-      run: |
-        pip3 install --upgrade --force-reinstall ruff==0.11.0
-        python3 -m ruff check extra/torch_backend/backend.py
-    - name: Test one op
-      run: FORWARD_ONLY=1 TINY_BACKEND=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_add
-    - name: Test ResNet-18
-      run: DEBUG=2 python3 extra/torch_backend/example.py
-    - name: My (custom) tests
-      run: python3 extra/torch_backend/test.py
-    - name: Test one op in torch tests
-      run: DEBUG=2 python3 extra/torch_backend/torch_tests.py TestTinyBackendPRIVATEUSE1.test_unary_log_tiny_float32
-    - name: Test Ops with TINY_BACKEND
-      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 LLVMOPT=0 TINY_BACKEND=1 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/test_ops.py --durations=20
-    - name: Test in-place operations on views
-      run: TORCH_DEBUG=1 python3 extra/torch_backend/test_inplace.py
-    - name: Test multi-gpu
-      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 GPUS=4 TORCH_DEBUG=1 python3 extra/torch_backend/test_multigpu.py
+  # TODO: fix the torch backend and reenable
+  # torchbackend:
+  #   name: Torch Backend Tests
+  #   runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  #   timeout-minutes: 15
+  #   steps:
+  #   - name: Checkout Code
+  #     uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #   - name: Setup Environment
+  #     uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
+  #     with:
+  #       key: torch-backend-pillow-torchvision-et-pt
+  #       deps: testing_minimal
+  #       pydeps: "pillow torchvision expecttest"
+  #       llvm: 'true'
+  #   - name: Install ninja
+  #     run: |
+  #       sudo apt update || true
+  #       sudo apt install -y --no-install-recommends ninja-build
+  #   - name: Lint with ruff
+  #     run: |
+  #       pip3 install --upgrade --force-reinstall ruff==0.11.0
+  #       python3 -m ruff check extra/torch_backend/backend.py
+  #   - name: Test one op
+  #     run: FORWARD_ONLY=1 TINY_BACKEND=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_add
+  #   - name: Test ResNet-18
+  #     run: DEBUG=2 python3 extra/torch_backend/example.py
+  #   - name: My (custom) tests
+  #     run: python3 extra/torch_backend/test.py
+  #   - name: Test one op in torch tests
+  #     run: DEBUG=2 python3 extra/torch_backend/torch_tests.py TestTinyBackendPRIVATEUSE1.test_unary_log_tiny_float32
+  #   - name: Test Ops with TINY_BACKEND
+  #     run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 LLVMOPT=0 TINY_BACKEND=1 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/test_ops.py --durations=20
+  #   - name: Test in-place operations on views
+  #     run: TORCH_DEBUG=1 python3 extra/torch_backend/test_inplace.py
+  #   - name: Test multi-gpu
+  #     run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 GPUS=4 TORCH_DEBUG=1 python3 extra/torch_backend/test_multigpu.py

-  torchbackendmore:
-    name: Torch Backend Tests More
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 15
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout Code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Setup Environment
-      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
-      with:
-        key: torch-backend-pillow-torchvision-et-pt
-        deps: testing_minimal
-        llvm: 'true'
-    - name: Install ninja
-      run: |
-        sudo apt update || true
-        sudo apt install -y --no-install-recommends ninja-build
-    - name: Test beautiful_mnist in torch with TINY_BACKEND
-      run: SPLIT_REDUCEOP=0 FUSE_ARANGE=1 CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=96.0 TINY_BACKEND=1 python3 examples/other_mnist/beautiful_mnist_torch.py
-    - name: Test some torch tests (expect failure)
-      run: python3 -m pytest extra/torch_backend/torch_tests.py -v --tb=no || true
+  # torchbackendmore:
+  #   name: Torch Backend Tests More
+  #   runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  #   timeout-minutes: 15
+  #   steps:
+  #   - name: Checkout Code
+  #     uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #   - name: Setup Environment
+  #     uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
+  #     with:
+  #       key: torch-backend-pillow-torchvision-et-pt
+  #       deps: testing_minimal
+  #       llvm: 'true'
+  #   - name: Install ninja
+  #     run: |
+  #       sudo apt update || true
+  #       sudo apt install -y --no-install-recommends ninja-build
+  #   - name: Test beautiful_mnist in torch with TINY_BACKEND
+  #     run: STEPS=20 CPU=1 TARGET_EVAL_ACC_PCT=90.0 TINY_BACKEND=1 python3 examples/other_mnist/beautiful_mnist_torch.py
+  #   - name: Test some torch tests (expect failure)
+  #     run: python3 -m pytest extra/torch_backend/torch_tests.py -v --tb=no || true

  bepython:
    name: Python Backend
@@ -203,7 +201,7 @@ jobs:
        DEBUG=2 EMULATE=CUDA FORWARD_ONLY=1 PYTHON=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_gemm_fp16
        DEBUG=2 EMULATE=CUDA ALLOW_TF32=1 FORWARD_ONLY=1 PYTHON=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_gemm
        DEBUG=2 EMULATE=CUDA_SM75 FORWARD_ONLY=1 PYTHON=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_gemm_fp16
-        DEBUG=2 EMULATE=CUDA ALLOW_TF32=1 FORWARD_ONLY=1 PYTHON=1 python3 test/opt/test_tensor_cores.py
+        DEBUG=2 EMULATE=CUDA_SM89 ALLOW_TF32=1 FORWARD_ONLY=1 PYTHON=1 python3 test/opt/test_tensor_cores.py
    - name: Test emulated INTEL OpenCL tensor cores
      run: DEBUG=2 EMULATE=INTEL FORWARD_ONLY=1 PYTHON=1 HALF=1 N=64 python3 ./extra/gemm/simple_matmul.py
    - name: Test emulated AMX tensor cores
@@ -229,7 +227,7 @@ jobs:
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
      with:
        key: linting-only
-        python-version: '3.10'
+        python-version: '3.11'
        deps: linting
    - name: Lint bad-indentation and trailing-whitespace with pylint
      run: python -m pylint --disable=all -e W0311 -e C0303 --jobs=0 --indent-string='  ' --recursive=y .
@@ -238,14 +236,13 @@ jobs:
        pip3 install --upgrade --force-reinstall ruff==0.11.0
        python3 -m ruff check .
        python3 -m ruff check examples/mlperf/ --ignore E501
-    - name: Lint tinygrad with pylint
-      run: python -m pylint tinygrad/
    - name: Run mypy
      run: |
        python -m mypy --strict-equality --lineprecision-report .
        cat lineprecision.txt
-    - name: Run TYPED=1
-      run: TYPED=1 python -c "import tinygrad"
+    # broken because of UPatAny
+    #- name: Run TYPED=1
+    #  run: TYPED=1 python -c "import tinygrad"

  unittest:
    name: Unit Tests
@@ -259,21 +256,28 @@ jobs:
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
      with:
        key: unittest-12
-        pydeps: "pillow"
+        pydeps: "pillow numpy ftfy regex"
        deps: testing_unit
-    - name: Test README
-      run: awk '/```python/{flag=1;next}/```/{flag=0}flag' README.md > README.py &&  python README.py
+    - name: Check Device.DEFAULT
+      run: python -c "from tinygrad import Device; assert Device.DEFAULT == 'CPU', Device.DEFAULT"
    - name: Run unit tests
-      run: python -m pytest -n=auto test/unit/ --durations=20
+      run: CPU=1 python -m pytest -n=auto test/unit/ --durations=20
    - name: Run targetted tests on NULL backend
-      run: NULL=1 python3 test/test_multitensor.py TestMultiTensor.test_data_parallel_resnet_train_step
-    - name: Run SDXL on NULL backend
-      run: MAX_BUFFER_SIZE=0 NULL=1 DEBUG=1 python3 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing --fakeweights
+      run: NULL=1 python3 -m unittest test.test_multitensor.TestMultiTensor.test_data_parallel_resnet_train_step test/device/test_null.py
+    # TODO: too slow
+    # - name: Run SDXL on NULL backend
+    #   run: NULL=1 DEBUG=1 python3 examples/sdxl.py --seed 0 --noshow --timing --fakeweights
+    - name: Run Clip tests for SD MLPerf on NULL backend
+      run: NULL=1 python -m pytest -n=auto test/external/mlperf_stable_diffusion/external_test_models.py::TestOpenClip --durations=20
+    - name: Run AMD emulated BERT training on NULL backend
+      run: EMULATE=AMD_RDNA4 NULL=1 CAPTURE_PROCESS_REPLAY=0 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF BENCHMARK=10 BS=66 GPUS=1 BERT_LAYERS=2 MODEL=bert python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
    # TODO: support fake weights
    #- name: Run LLaMA 7B on 4 fake devices
    #  run: NULL=1 python3 examples/llama.py --gen 1 --size 7B --shard 4 --prompt "Hello." --count 3 --temperature 0 --timing
    - name: Run GC tests
      run: python test/external/external_uop_gc.py
+    - name: External Benchmark Schedule
+      run: python3 test/external/external_benchmark_schedule.py
    - name: Run process replay tests
      uses: ./.github/actions/process-replay
    - name: Regen dataset on test_tiny
@@ -283,8 +287,27 @@ jobs:
        python extra/optimization/extract_dataset.py
        gzip -c /tmp/sops > extra/datasets/sops.gz
        #DEBUG=1 MIN_ASTS=1 python extra/optimization/get_action_space.py
-    - name: Repo line count < 18000 lines
-      run: MAX_LINE_COUNT=18000 python sz.py
+    - name: Repo line count < 18500 lines
+      run: MAX_LINE_COUNT=18500 python sz.py
+
+  spec:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        group: [1, 2]
+    name: SPEC=2 (${{ matrix.group }})
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout Code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Setup Environment
+      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
+      with:
+        key: spec-unit
+        deps: testing_unit
+    - name: Test SPEC=2
+      run: IGNORE_OOB=0 SPEC=2 PYTHONPATH="." pytest --maxfail=10 -n auto --durations=30 --ignore=test/models --ignore test/unit/test_hashing.py --timeout 60 -k "not test_setitem_big" --splits 2 --group ${{ matrix.group }}

  fuzzing:
    name: Fuzzing
@@ -302,17 +325,13 @@ jobs:
      run: python test/external/fuzz_symbolic.py
    - name: Fuzz Test fast idiv
      run: python test/external/fuzz_fast_idiv.py
-    - name: Fuzz Test shapetracker
-      run: |
-        python test/external/fuzz_shapetracker.py
-        python test/external/fuzz_shapetracker_math.py
    - name: Fuzz Test shape ops
      run: python test/external/fuzz_shape_ops.py

  testopenclimage:
-    name: 'CL IMAGE Tests'
+    name: CL IMAGE Tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
    steps:
      - name: Checkout Code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -322,15 +341,16 @@ jobs:
          key: gpu-image
          deps: testing_minimal
          opencl: 'true'
-      - name: Test CL IMAGE=2 ops + training
+      - name: Test CL IMAGE=2 ops
        run: |
          CL=1 IMAGE=2 python -m pytest -n=auto test/test_ops.py --durations=20
-          CL=1 IMAGE=2 python test/models/test_end2end.py TestEnd2End.test_linear_mnist
+        # TODO: training is broken
+        # CL=1 IMAGE=2 python test/models/test_end2end.py TestEnd2End.test_linear_mnist
      - name: Run process replay tests
        uses: ./.github/actions/process-replay

  testgpumisc:
-    name: 'CL Misc tests'
+    name: CL Misc tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    timeout-minutes: 10
    steps:
@@ -347,7 +367,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run Kernel Count Test
        run: CL=1 python -m pytest -n=auto test/external/external_test_opt.py
      - name: Run fused optimizer tests
-        run: CL=1 FUSE_OPTIM=1 python -m pytest -n=auto test/models/test_mnist.py
+        run: CL=1 FUSE_OPTIM=1 python -m pytest -n=auto test/models/test_mnist.py test/test_optim.py -k "not muon"
      - name: Upload artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
@@ -355,7 +375,7 @@ jobs:
          path: /tmp/sops.gz

  testopenpilot:
-    name: 'openpilot Compile Tests'
+    name: openpilot Compile Tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    timeout-minutes: 15
    steps:
@@ -370,24 +390,20 @@ jobs:
          llvm: 'true'
      - name: Test openpilot model kernel count and gate usage
        run: |
-          ALLOWED_KERNEL_COUNT=208 ALLOWED_READ_IMAGE=2175 ALLOWED_GATED_READ_IMAGE=16 FLOAT16=0 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.4/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx
-      - name: Test openpilot alt model correctness (float32)
-        run: FLOAT16=0 DEBUGCL=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/3799fe46b3a629e491d4b8498b8ae83e4c88c304/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx
-      - name: Test openpilot fastvits model correctness (float32)
-        run: FLOAT16=0 DEBUGCL=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/9118973ed03c1ae1d40cf69a29507ec2cc78efd7/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx
-      # - name: Test openpilot simple_plan vision model correctness (float32)
-      #   run: FLOAT16=0 DEBUGCL=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/35ff4f4577002f2685e50c8346addae33fe8da27a41dd4d6a0f14d1f4b1af81b
-      - name: Test openpilot LLVM compile
-        run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 LLVMOPT=1 JIT=2 BEAM=0 IMAGE=0 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/9118973ed03c1ae1d40cf69a29507ec2cc78efd7/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx
-      - name: Test openpilot compile4
-        run: NOLOCALS=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 FLOAT16=1 DEBUG=2 python3 examples/openpilot/compile4.py
+          ALLOWED_KERNEL_COUNT=123 ALLOWED_READ_IMAGE=1397 ALLOWED_GATED_READ_IMAGE=94 FLOAT16=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/cf6376aa9a090f0da26c280ef69eabf9bbdd51d1faac9ed392919c3db69be916
+      - name: Test openpilot CL compile fp16
+        run: FLOAT16=1 DEBUGCL=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/cf6376aa9a090f0da26c280ef69eabf9bbdd51d1faac9ed392919c3db69be916
+      - name: Test openpilot CL compile fp32 (test correctness)
+        run: DEBUGCL=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 SELFTEST=1 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://github.com/haraschax/filedump/raw/refs/heads/master/driving_vision_fp32.onnx
+      - name: Test openpilot LLVM compile fp16
+        run: FLOAT16=1 CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 python examples/openpilot/compile3.py https://gitlab.com/commaai/openpilot-lfs.git/gitlab-lfs/objects/cf6376aa9a090f0da26c280ef69eabf9bbdd51d1faac9ed392919c3db69be916
      - name: Run process replay tests
        uses: ./.github/actions/process-replay

 # ****** ONNX Tests ******

  testonnxcpu:
-    name: 'ONNX (CPU) Tests'
+    name: ONNX (CPU) Tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    timeout-minutes: 20

@@ -415,7 +431,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: ./.github/actions/process-replay

  testopencl:
-    name: 'ONNX (GPU)+Optimization Tests'
+    name: ONNX (CL)+Optimization Tests
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    timeout-minutes: 20
    steps:
@@ -439,8 +455,12 @@ jobs:
        run: CL=1 IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE=1 python3 -m pytest extra/optimization/test_beam_search.py
      - name: Test MLPerf stuff
        run: CL=1 python -m pytest -n=auto test/external/external_test_optim.py test/external/external_test_losses.py test/external/external_test_metrics.py test/external/external_test_datasets.py --durations=20
+      - name: NULL=1 beautiful_mnist_multigpu
+        run: NULL=1 python examples/beautiful_mnist_multigpu.py
+      - name: Test Bert training
+        run: NULL=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=HALF BENCHMARK=10 BS=24 GPUS=4 BERT_LAYERS=2 MODEL=bert python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
      - name: Test llama 3 training
-        run: MAX_BUFFER_SIZE=0 DEV=NULL SAMPLES=300 BS=8 SEQLEN=512 GRADIENT_ACC_STEPS=8 FAKEDATA=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=bfloat16 OPTIM_DTYPE=bfloat16 LLAMA3_SIZE=1B MODEL=llama3 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
+        run: NULL=1 SAMPLES=300 BS=8 SEQLEN=512 GRADIENT_ACC_STEPS=8 FAKEDATA=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=bfloat16 OPTIM_DTYPE=bfloat16 LLAMA3_SIZE=1B MODEL=llama3 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
      - name: Run process replay tests
        uses: ./.github/actions/process-replay

@@ -503,39 +523,6 @@ jobs:

 # ****** Feature Tests ******

-  testrangeify:
-    name: Linux (rangeify)
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 15
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout Code
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Setup Environment
-      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-tinygrad
-      with:
-        key: rangeify-minimal-llvm
-        deps: testing_minimal
-        opencl: 'true'
-        llvm: "true"
-    - name: Test CPU=1 RANGEIFY=1
-      # TODO: add more passing tests here
-      # test_symbolic_arange_sym_step is passing now
-      # test_threefry_doesnt_use_long is because there's a contig after the long now
-      run: |
-        CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=0 RANGEIFY=1 python3 -m pytest -n auto --durations 20 \
-          -k "not test_symbolic_arange_sym_step and not test_threefry_doesnt_use_long" \
-          test/test_tiny.py test/test_rangeify.py test/test_ops.py test/test_tensor_variable.py \
-          test/test_outerworld_range.py test/test_sample.py test/test_randomness.py
-    - name: Test multitensor
-      run: RANGEIFY=1 PYTHONPATH="." python3 test/test_multitensor.py TestMultiTensor.test_matmul_shard_1_1 TestMultiTensor.test_simple_add_W
-    - name: Test GPU=1 RANGEIFY=1
-      run: GPU=1 RANGEIFY=1 pytest -n auto test/test_ops.py
-    - name: Test CPU=1 RANGEIFY=2
-      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=0 RANGEIFY=2 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/test_tiny.py test/test_rangeify.py test/test_ops.py --durations 20
-    # slow (and still wrong on beautiful_mnist)
-    #- name: Test LLVM=1 RANGEIFY=1 (slow tests)
-    #  run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 RANGEIFY=1 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/models/test_mnist.py --durations 20
-
  testdevectorize:
    name: Linux (devectorize)
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -551,11 +538,11 @@ jobs:
        pydeps: "pillow"
        llvm: "true"
    - name: Test LLVM=1 DEVECTORIZE=0
-      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 DEVECTORIZE=0 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/test_tiny.py test/test_ops.py -k "not test_avg_pool3d_failure"
+      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 DEVECTORIZE=0 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/test_tiny.py test/test_ops.py
    - name: Test LLVM=1 DEVECTORIZE=0 for model
      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=1 DEVECTORIZE=0 python3 test/models/test_efficientnet.py
    - name: Test CPU=1 DEVECTORIZE=0
-      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=0 DEVECTORIZE=0 FUSE_ARANGE=0 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/test_tiny.py test/test_ops.py -k "not test_avg_pool3d_failure"
+      run: CPU=1 CPU_LLVM=0 DEVECTORIZE=0 python3 -m pytest -n auto test/test_tiny.py test/test_ops.py

  testdsp:
    name: Linux (DSP)
@@ -656,7 +643,8 @@ jobs:
        run: TRANSCENDENTAL=2 python -m pytest -n=auto test/test_ops.py::TestOps::test_sin test/test_ops.py::TestOps::test_cos test/test_ops.py::TestOps::test_tan test/test_ops.py::TestOps::test_exp test/test_ops.py::TestOps::test_log --durations=20
      - name: Run TestOps.test_add with SQTT
        run: |
-          PROFILE=1 SQTT=1 DEBUG=5 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_add
+          VIZ=1 PMC=1 DEBUG=5 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_add
+          VIZ=1 SQTT=1 DEBUG=5 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_add
          extra/sqtt/rgptool.py create "/tmp/profile.pkl.$USER" -o /tmp/gpu0.rgp
      - name: Run process replay tests
        uses: ./.github/actions/process-replay
@@ -699,7 +687,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        backend: [llvm, cpu, opencl]
+        backend: [llvm, cpu, opencl, lvp]

    name: Linux (${{ matrix.backend }})
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -713,9 +701,10 @@ jobs:
          key: ${{ matrix.backend }}-minimal
          deps: testing_minimal
          opencl: ${{ matrix.backend == 'opencl' && 'true' }}
-          llvm: ${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' && 'true' }}
+          llvm: ${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' || matrix.backend == 'lvp' }}
+          mesa: ${{ matrix.backend == 'lvp' && 'true' }}
      - name: Set env
-        run: printf "${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=1' || matrix.backend == 'cpu' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=0\nCPU_COUNT=2' || matrix.backend == 'opencl' && 'CL=1' }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        run: printf "${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=1' || matrix.backend == 'cpu' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=0\nCPU_COUNT=2' || matrix.backend == 'opencl' && 'CL=1' || matrix.backend == 'lvp' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LVP=1' }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Check Device.DEFAULT and print some source
        run: |
          python3 -c "from tinygrad import Device; assert Device.DEFAULT in ['CPU','CL'], Device.DEFAULT"
@@ -917,7 +906,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        backend: [metal, llvm, cpu]
+        backend: [metal, llvm, cpu, lvp]
    name: MacOS (${{ matrix.backend }})
    runs-on: macos-15
    timeout-minutes: 20
@@ -930,12 +919,13 @@ jobs:
          key: macos-${{ matrix.backend }}-minimal
          deps: testing_minimal
          pydeps: "capstone"
-          llvm: ${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' && 'true' }}
+          llvm: ${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' || matrix.backend == 'lvp' }}
+          mesa: ${{ matrix.backend == 'lvp' && 'true' }}
      - name: Set env
-        run: printf "${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=1' || matrix.backend == 'cpu' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=0\nCPU_COUNT=2' || matrix.backend == 'metal' && 'METAL=1'}}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        run: printf "${{ matrix.backend == 'llvm' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=1' || matrix.backend == 'cpu' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LLVM=0\nCPU_COUNT=2' || matrix.backend == 'metal' && 'METAL=1' || matrix.backend == 'lvp' && 'CPU=1\nCPU_LVP=1' }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Check Device.DEFAULT and print some source
        run: |
-          python -c "from tinygrad import Device; assert Device.DEFAULT == {'LLVM':'CPU'}.get(x:='${{ matrix.backend }}'.upper(), x), Device.DEFAULT"
+          python -c "from tinygrad import Device; assert Device.DEFAULT == {'LLVM':'CPU','LVP':'CPU'}.get(x:='${{ matrix.backend }}'.upper(), x), Device.DEFAULT"
          DEBUG=4 python3 test/test_tiny.py TestTiny.test_plus
      - name: Run pytest (${{ matrix.backend }})
        run: python3 -m pytest -n=auto test/ --ignore=test/models --ignore=test/unit --durations=20
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ extra/huggingface_onnx/models/*
 extra/huggingface_onnx/*.yaml
 extra/weights
 venv
+venv_sd_mlperf
 examples/**/net.*[js,json]
 examples/**/*.safetensors
 node_modules
@@ -62,3 +63,5 @@ profile_stats
 *.log
 target
 .mypy_cache
+mutants
+.mutmut-cache
@@ -20,21 +20,15 @@ repos:
        language: system
        always_run: true
        pass_filenames: false
-      - id: tests
-        name: subset of tests
-        entry: env PYTHONPATH="." python3 -m pytest -n=4 test/test_ops.py test/test_dtype.py test/test_schedule.py test/test_assign.py
-        language: system
-        always_run: true
-        pass_filenames: false
      - id: example
-        name: multi device tests
+        name: test all devices
        entry: python3 test/external/external_test_example.py
        language: system
        always_run: true
        pass_filenames: false
-      - id: pylint
-        name: pylint
-        entry: python3 -m pylint tinygrad/
+      - id: tests
+        name: subset of tests
+        entry: env OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 PYTHONPATH="." python3 -m pytest -n=6 test/test_ops.py test/test_dtype.py test/test_schedule.py test/test_assign.py
        language: system
        always_run: true
-        pass_filenames: false
+        pass_filenames: false
@@ -30,10 +30,6 @@ persistent=yes
 # Specify a configuration file.
 #rcfile=

-# When enabled, pylint would attempt to guess common misconfiguration and emit
-# user-friendly hints instead of false-positive error messages
-suggestion-mode=yes
-
 # Allow loading of arbitrary C extensions. Extensions are imported into the
 # active Python interpreter and may run arbitrary code.
 unsafe-load-any-extension=no
@@ -21,17 +21,38 @@ tinygrad: For something between [PyTorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch) an

 ---

-Despite tinygrad's size, it is a fully featured deep learning framework.
+tinygrad is an end-to-end deep learning stack:

-Due to its extreme simplicity, it is the easiest framework to add new accelerators to, with support for both inference and training. If XLA is CISC, tinygrad is RISC.
+- **Tensor library** with autograd
+- **IR and compiler** that fuse and lower kernels
+- **JIT + graph execution**
+- **nn / optim / datasets** for real training

-tinygrad is now beta software, we [raised some money](https://geohot.github.io/blog/jekyll/update/2023/05/24/the-tiny-corp-raised-5M.html) to make it good. Someday, we will tape out chips.
+It’s inspired by PyTorch (ergonomics), JAX (functional transforms and IR-based AD), and TVM (scheduling and codegen), but stays intentionally tiny and hackable.

-## Features
+---

-### LLaMA and Stable Diffusion
+## How tinygrad compares

-tinygrad can run [LLaMA](/docs/showcase.md#llama) and [Stable Diffusion](/docs/showcase.md#stable-diffusion)!
+**PyTorch**
+
+- ✅ Similar: eager `Tensor` API, autograd, `optim`, basic datasets and layers.
+- ✅ You can write familiar training loops.
+- 🔁 Unlike PyTorch, the entire compiler and IR are visible and hackable.
+
+**JAX**
+
+- ✅ IR-based autodiff over primitives (like JAXPR + XLA).
+- ✅ Function-level JIT (`TinyJit`) that captures and replays kernels.
+- 🔁 Fewer functional transforms (no full `vmap`/`pmap` yet), but far easier to read.
+
+**TVM**
+
+- ✅ Multiple lowering passes, scheduling, and BEAM search over kernels.
+- ✅ Device “graphs” for batched execution.
+- 🔁 tinygrad also ships the **front-end framework** (tensors, nn, optim), not just the compiler.
+
+---

 ### Laziness

@@ -1,470 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -e
-
-# setup instructions for clang2py
-if [[ ! $(clang2py -V) ]]; then
-  pushd .
-  cd /tmp
-  sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends clang
-  pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-  pip install clang==14.0.6
-  git clone https://github.com/nimlgen/ctypeslib.git
-  cd ctypeslib
-  pip install .
-  clang2py -V
-  popd
-fi
-
-BASE=tinygrad/runtime/autogen/
-
-fixup() {
-  sed -i '1s/^/# mypy: ignore-errors\n/' $1
-  sed -i 's/ *$//' $1
-  grep FIXME_STUB $1 || true
-}
-
-patch_dlopen() {
-  path=$1; shift
-  name=$1; shift
-  cat <<EOF | sed -i "/import ctypes.*/r /dev/stdin" $path
-PATHS_TO_TRY = [
-$(for p in "$@"; do echo "  $p,"; done)
-]
-def _try_dlopen_$name():
-  library = ctypes.util.find_library("$name")
-  if library: return ctypes.CDLL(library)
-  for candidate in PATHS_TO_TRY:
-    try: return ctypes.CDLL(candidate)
-    except OSError: pass
-  return None
-EOF
-}
-
-generate_opencl() {
-  clang2py /usr/include/CL/cl.h -o $BASE/opencl.py -l /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOpenCL.so.1 -k cdefstum
-  fixup $BASE/opencl.py
-  # hot patches
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/opencl.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libOpenCL.so.1')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('OpenCL'))\g" $BASE/opencl.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.opencl"
-}
-
-generate_hip() {
-  clang2py /opt/rocm/include/hip/hip_ext.h /opt/rocm/include/hip/hiprtc.h \
-  /opt/rocm/include/hip/hip_runtime_api.h /opt/rocm/include/hip/driver_types.h \
-  --clang-args="-D__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__ -I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" -o $BASE/hip.py -l /opt/rocm/lib/libamdhip64.so
-  echo "hipDeviceProp_t = hipDeviceProp_tR0600" >> $BASE/hip.py
-  echo "hipGetDeviceProperties = hipGetDevicePropertiesR0600" >> $BASE/hip.py
-  fixup $BASE/hip.py
-  # we can trust HIP is always at /opt/rocm/lib
-  #sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  #sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libhiprtc.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('hiprtc'))\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  #sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libamdhip64.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('amdhip64'))\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  sed -i "s\'/opt/rocm/\os.getenv('ROCM_PATH', '/opt/rocm/')+'/\g" $BASE/hip.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.hip"
-}
-
-generate_comgr() {
-  clang2py /opt/rocm/include/amd_comgr/amd_comgr.h \
-  --clang-args="-D__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__ -I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" -o $BASE/comgr.py -l /opt/rocm/lib/libamd_comgr.so
-  fixup $BASE/comgr.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/comgr.py
-  patch_dlopen $BASE/comgr.py amd_comgr "'/opt/rocm/lib/libamd_comgr.so'" "os.getenv('ROCM_PATH', '')+'/lib/libamd_comgr.so'" "'/usr/local/lib/libamd_comgr.dylib'" "'/opt/homebrew/lib/libamd_comgr.dylib'"
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libamd_comgr.so')\_try_dlopen_amd_comgr()\g" $BASE/comgr.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.comgr"
-}
-
-generate_kfd() {
-  clang2py /usr/include/linux/kfd_ioctl.h -o $BASE/kfd.py -k cdefstum
-
-  fixup $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/import ctypes/import ctypes, os/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/import fcntl, functools/import functools/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "/import functools/a from tinygrad.runtime.support.hcq import FileIOInterface" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/def _do_ioctl(__idir, __base, __nr, __user_struct, __fd, \*\*kwargs):/def _do_ioctl(__idir, __base, __nr, __user_struct, __fd:FileIOInterface, \*\*kwargs):/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/fcntl.ioctl(__fd, (__idir<<30)/__fd.ioctl((__idir<<30)/g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  sed -i "s/!!/not not /g" $BASE/kfd.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.kfd"
-}
-
-generate_cuda() {
-  clang2py /usr/include/cuda.h --clang-args="-D__CUDA_API_VERSION_INTERNAL" -o $BASE/cuda.py -l /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/cuda.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('cuda'))\g" $BASE/cuda.py
-  fixup $BASE/cuda.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.cuda"
-}
-
-generate_nvrtc() {
-  clang2py /usr/local/cuda/include/nvrtc.h /usr/local/cuda/include/nvJitLink.h -o $BASE/nvrtc.py -l /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvrtc.so -l /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvJitLink.so
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvrtc.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('nvrtc'))\g" $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvJitLink.so')\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('nvJitLink'))\g" $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  fixup $BASE/nvrtc.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nvrtc"
-}
-
-generate_nv() {
-  NVKERN_COMMIT_HASH=81fe4fb417c8ac3b9bdcc1d56827d116743892a5
-  NVKERN_SRC=/tmp/open-gpu-kernel-modules-$NVKERN_COMMIT_HASH
-  if [ ! -d "$NVKERN_SRC" ]; then
-    git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/open-gpu-kernel-modules $NVKERN_SRC
-    pushd .
-    cd $NVKERN_SRC
-    git reset --hard $NVKERN_COMMIT_HASH
-    popd
-  fi
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/clc6c0qmd.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/clcec0qmd.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl0000.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl0080.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl2080.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl2080_notification.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc56f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc86f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc96f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc761.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/cl83de.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/generated/g_allclasses.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clc6c0.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/class/clcdc0.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/clc6b5.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/clc9b5.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/uvm_ioctl.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/uvm_linux_ioctl.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm/hwref/ampere/ga100/dev_fault.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv_escape.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-ioctl.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-ioctl-numbers.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-ioctl-numa.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include/nv-unix-nvos-params-wrappers.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/alloc/alloc_channel.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvos.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl0000/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl0080/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl2080/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl83de/*.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrlc36f.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrlcb33.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrla06c.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl/ctrl90f1.h \
-    --clang-args="-include $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvtypes.h -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl" \
-    -o $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  fixup $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i "s\(0000000001)\1\g" $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i 's/#\?\s\([A-Za-z0-9_]\+\) = MW ( \([0-9]\+\) : \([0-9]\+\) )/\1 = (\2 , \3)/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py # NVC6C0_QMDV03_00 processing
-  sed -i 's/#\sdef NVC6C0_QMD\([A-Za-z0-9_()]\+\):/def NVC6C0_QMD\1:/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i 's/#\sdef NVCEC0_QMD\([A-Za-z0-9_()]\+\):/def NVCEC0_QMD\1:/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -E -i -n '/^def (NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE)(_ENABLE)\(i\):/{p;s//\1'"0"'\2=\1\2(0)\n\1'"1"'\2=\1\2(1)/;H;b};p;${x;s/^\n//;p}' "$BASE/nv_gpu.py"
-  sed -i 's/#\s*return MW(\([0-9i()*+]\+\):\([0-9i()*+]\+\))/    return (\1 , \2)/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  sed -i 's/#\?\s*\(.*\)\s*=\s*\(NV\)\?BIT\(32\)\?\s*(\s*\([0-9]\+\)\s*)/\1 = (1 << \4)/' $BASE/nv_gpu.py # name = BIT(x) -> name = (1 << x)
-  sed -i "s/UVM_\([A-Za-z0-9_]\+\) = \['i', '(', '\([0-9]\+\)', ')'\]/UVM_\1 = \2/" $BASE/nv_gpu.py # UVM_name = ['i', '(', '<num>', ')'] -> UVM_name = <num>
-
-  # Parse status codes
-  sed -n '1i\
-nv_status_codes = {}
-/^NV_STATUS_CODE/ { s/^NV_STATUS_CODE(\([^,]*\), *\([^,]*\), *"\([^"]*\)") *.*$/\1 = \2\nnv_status_codes[\1] = "\3"/; p }' $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvstatuscodes.h >> $BASE/nv_gpu.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv_gpu"
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/gpu/fsp/kern_fsp_cot_payload.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/gsp/gspifpub.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/gsp/gsp_fw_wpr_meta.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/gsp/gsp_fw_sr_meta.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/gpu/gsp/gsp_init_args.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/gpu/gsp/gsp_init_args.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/uproc/os/common/include/libos_init_args.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/rmRiscvUcode.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/shared/msgq/inc/msgq/msgq_priv.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/vgpu/rpc_headers.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel/vgpu/rpc_global_enums.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/generated/g_rpc-structures.h \
-    $NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc/fsp/fsp_nvdm_format.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/g_rpc-message-header.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/gsp_static_config.h \
-    extra/nv_gpu_driver/vbios.h \
-    --clang-args="-DRPC_MESSAGE_STRUCTURES -DRPC_STRUCTURES -include $NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/nvtypes.h -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/generated -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/interface/ -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/kernel -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/inc/libraries -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/nvidia-uvm -I$NVKERN_SRC/kernel-open/common/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/nvidia/arch/nvalloc/unix/include -I$NVKERN_SRC/src/common/sdk/nvidia/inc/ctrl" \
-    -o $BASE/nv/nv.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/nv/nv.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv.nv"
-}
-
-generate_amd() {
-  # clang2py broken when pass -x c++ to prev headers
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/nvd.h \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/gc_11_0_0_offset.h \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sienna_cichlid_ip_offset.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/amd_gpu.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/amd_gpu.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/amd_gpu.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.amd_gpu"
-}
-
-generate_hsa() {
-  clang2py \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ext_amd.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/amd_hsa_signal.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/amd_hsa_queue.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/amd_hsa_kernel_code.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ext_finalize.h /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ext_image.h \
-    /opt/rocm/include/hsa/hsa_ven_amd_aqlprofile.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include" \
-    -o $BASE/hsa.py -l /opt/rocm/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so
-
-  fixup $BASE/hsa.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/hsa.py
-  sed -i "s\ctypes.CDLL('/opt/rocm/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so')\ctypes.CDLL(os.getenv('ROCM_PATH')+'/lib/libhsa-runtime64.so' if os.getenv('ROCM_PATH') else ctypes.util.find_library('hsa-runtime64'))\g" $BASE/hsa.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.hsa"
-}
-
-generate_io_uring() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/liburing.h \
-    /usr/include/linux/io_uring.h \
-    -o $BASE/io_uring.py
-
-  sed -r '/^#define __NR_io_uring/ s/^#define __(NR_io_uring[^ ]+) (.*)$/\1 = \2/; t; d' /usr/include/asm-generic/unistd.h >> $BASE/io_uring.py # io_uring syscalls numbers
-  fixup $BASE/io_uring.py
-}
-
-generate_ib() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/infiniband/verbs.h \
-    /usr/include/infiniband/verbs_api.h \
-    /usr/include/infiniband/ib_user_ioctl_verbs.h \
-    /usr/include/rdma/ib_user_verbs.h \
-    -o $BASE/ib.py
-
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util\g" "$BASE/ib.py"
-  sed -i "s\FIXME_STUB\libibverbs\g" "$BASE/ib.py"
-  sed -i "s\FunctionFactoryStub()\ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library('ibverbs'), use_errno=True)\g" "$BASE/ib.py"
-
-  fixup $BASE/ib.py
-}
-
-generate_libc() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $(dpkg -L libc6-dev | grep sys/mman.h) \
-    $(dpkg -L libc6-dev | grep sys/syscall.h) \
-    /usr/include/string.h \
-    /usr/include/elf.h \
-    /usr/include/unistd.h \
-    /usr/include/asm-generic/mman-common.h \
-    -o $BASE/libc.py
-
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/libc.py
-  sed -i "s\FIXME_STUB\libc\g" $BASE/libc.py
-  sed -i "s\FunctionFactoryStub()\None if (libc_path := ctypes.util.find_library('c')) is None else ctypes.CDLL(libc_path, use_errno=True)\g" $BASE/libc.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/libc.py
-}
-
-generate_llvm() {
-  INC="$(llvm-config-14 --includedir)"
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $(find "$INC/llvm-c/" -type f -name '*.h' | sort) \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/Targets.def" \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def" \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def" \
-    "$INC/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def" \
-    --clang-args="$(llvm-config-14 --cflags)" \
-    -o "$BASE/llvm.py"
-
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, tinygrad.runtime.support.llvm as llvm_support\g" "$BASE/llvm.py"
-  sed -i "s\FIXME_STUB\llvm\g" "$BASE/llvm.py"
-  sed -i "s\FunctionFactoryStub()\ctypes.CDLL(llvm_support.LLVM_PATH)\g" "$BASE/llvm.py"
-
-  fixup "$BASE/llvm.py"
-}
-
-generate_kgsl() {
-  clang2py extra/qcom_gpu_driver/msm_kgsl.h -o $BASE/kgsl.py -k cdefstum
-  fixup $BASE/kgsl.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/kgsl.py
-  sed -nE 's/#define ([A-Za-z0-9_]+)_SHIFT\s*[^\S\r\n]*[0-9]*$/def \1(val): return (val << \1_SHIFT) \& \1_MASK/p' extra/qcom_gpu_driver/msm_kgsl.h >> $BASE/kgsl.py
-  sed -i "s\fcntl.ioctl(__fd, (__idir<<30)\__fd.ioctl((__idir<<30)\g" $BASE/kgsl.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.kgsl"
-}
-
-generate_adreno() {
-  clang2py extra/qcom_gpu_driver/a6xx.xml.h -o $BASE/adreno.py -k cestum
-  sed -nE 's/#define ([A-Za-z0-9_]+)__SHIFT\s*[^\S\r\n]*[0-9]*$/def \1(val): return (val << \1__SHIFT) \& \1__MASK/p' extra/qcom_gpu_driver/a6xx.xml.h >> $BASE/adreno.py
-  fixup $BASE/adreno.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/adreno.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.adreno"
-}
-
-generate_qcom() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/dsp/include/ion.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/msm_ion.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/adsprpc_shared.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/remote_default.h \
-    extra/dsp/include/apps_std.h \
-    -o $BASE/qcom_dsp.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/qcom_dsp.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.qcom_dsp"
-}
-
-generate_pci() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/linux/pci_regs.h \
-    -o $BASE/pci.py
-  fixup $BASE/pci.py
-}
-
-generate_vfio() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/linux/vfio.h \
-    -o $BASE/vfio.py
-  fixup $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\import fcntl, functools\import functools" $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes,os\a from tinygrad.runtime.support import FileIOInterface\g" $BASE/vfio.py
-  sed -i "s\fcntl.ioctl(__fd, (__idir<<30)\return __fd.ioctl((__idir<<30)\g" $BASE/vfio.py
-}
-
-generate_am() {
-  AMKERN_COMMIT_HASH=ceb12c04e2b5b53ec0779362831f5ee40c4921e4
-  AMKERN_SRC=/tmp/ROCK-Kernel-Driver-$AMKERN_COMMIT_HASH
-  if [ ! -d "$AMKERN_SRC" ]; then
-    git clone https://github.com/ROCm/ROCK-Kernel-Driver $AMKERN_SRC --depth 1
-  fi
-  AMKERN_AMD=$AMKERN_SRC/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/
-  AMKERN_INC=$AMKERN_AMD/include/
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/v11_structs.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/v12_structs.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_vm.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/discovery.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_ucode.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/psp_gfx_if.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_psp.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_irq.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_doorbell.h \
-    $AMKERN_INC/soc15_ih_clientid.h \
-    --clang-args="-include stdint.h" \
-    -o $BASE/am/am.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/am.py
-  sed -i "s\(int64_t)\ \g" $BASE/am/am.py
-  sed -i "s\AMDGPU_PTE_MTYPE_VG10(2)\AMDGPU_PTE_MTYPE_VG10(0, 2)\g" $BASE/am/am.py # incorrect parsing (TODO: remove when clang2py is gone).
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdkfd/kfd_pm4_headers_ai.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/soc15d.h \
-    -o $BASE/am/pm4_soc15.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/pm4_soc15.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdkfd/kfd_pm4_headers_ai.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/nvd.h \
-    -o $BASE/am/pm4_nv.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/pm4_nv.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/vega10_sdma_pkt_open.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/am/sdma_4_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/sdma_4_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/navi10_sdma_pkt_open.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/am/sdma_5_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/sdma_5_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/hip_gpu_driver/sdma_registers.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/amdgpu/sdma_v6_0_0_pkt_open.h \
-    --clang-args="-I/opt/rocm/include -x c++" \
-    -o $BASE/am/sdma_6_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/sdma_6_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu_v13_0_0_ppsmc.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu13_driver_if_v13_0_0.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_smu.h \
-    -o $BASE/am/smu_v13_0_0.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/smu_v13_0_0.py
-
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu_v14_0_0_pmfw.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu_v14_0_2_ppsmc.h \
-    $AMKERN_AMD/pm/swsmu/inc/pmfw_if/smu14_driver_if_v14_0.h \
-    extra/amdpci/headers/amdgpu_smu.h \
-    --clang-args="-include stdint.h" \
-    -o $BASE/am/smu_v14_0_2.py
-  fixup $BASE/am/smu_v14_0_2.py
-}
-
-generate_sqtt() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    extra/sqtt/sqtt.h \
-    -o $BASE/sqtt.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/sqtt.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, os\g" $BASE/sqtt.py
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.sqtt"
-}
-
-generate_webgpu() {
-  clang2py extra/webgpu/webgpu.h -o $BASE/webgpu.py
-  fixup $BASE/webgpu.py
-  sed -i "s/FIXME_STUB/webgpu/g" "$BASE/webgpu.py"
-  sed -i "s/FunctionFactoryStub()/ctypes.CDLL(webgpu_support.WEBGPU_PATH)/g" "$BASE/webgpu.py"
-  sed -i "s/import ctypes/import ctypes, tinygrad.runtime.support.webgpu as webgpu_support/g" "$BASE/webgpu.py"
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.webgpu"
-}
-
-generate_libusb() {
-  clang2py -k cdefstum \
-    /usr/include/libusb-1.0/libusb.h \
-    -o $BASE/libusb.py
-
-  fixup $BASE/libusb.py
-  sed -i "s\import ctypes\import ctypes, ctypes.util, os\g" $BASE/libusb.py
-  sed -i "s/FIXME_STUB/libusb/g" "$BASE/libusb.py"
-  sed -i "s/libusb_le16_to_cpu = libusb_cpu_to_le16//g" "$BASE/libusb.py"
-  sed -i "s/FunctionFactoryStub()/None if (lib_path:=os.getenv('LIBUSB_PATH', ctypes.util.find_library('usb-1.0'))) is None else ctypes.CDLL(lib_path)/g" "$BASE/libusb.py"
-  python3 -c "import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.libusb"
-}
-
-if [ "$1" == "opencl" ]; then generate_opencl
-elif [ "$1" == "hip" ]; then generate_hip
-elif [ "$1" == "comgr" ]; then generate_comgr
-elif [ "$1" == "cuda" ]; then generate_cuda
-elif [ "$1" == "nvrtc" ]; then generate_nvrtc
-elif [ "$1" == "hsa" ]; then generate_hsa
-elif [ "$1" == "kfd" ]; then generate_kfd
-elif [ "$1" == "nv" ]; then generate_nv
-elif [ "$1" == "amd" ]; then generate_amd
-elif [ "$1" == "am" ]; then generate_am
-elif [ "$1" == "nvdrv" ]; then generate_nvdrv
-elif [ "$1" == "sqtt" ]; then generate_sqtt
-elif [ "$1" == "qcom" ]; then generate_qcom
-elif [ "$1" == "io_uring" ]; then generate_io_uring
-elif [ "$1" == "ib" ]; then generate_ib
-elif [ "$1" == "libc" ]; then generate_libc
-elif [ "$1" == "llvm" ]; then generate_llvm
-elif [ "$1" == "kgsl" ]; then generate_kgsl
-elif [ "$1" == "adreno" ]; then generate_adreno
-elif [ "$1" == "pci" ]; then generate_pci
-elif [ "$1" == "vfio" ]; then generate_vfio
-elif [ "$1" == "webgpu" ]; then generate_webgpu
-elif [ "$1" == "libusb" ]; then generate_libusb
-elif [ "$1" == "all" ]; then generate_opencl; generate_hip; generate_comgr; generate_cuda; generate_nvrtc; generate_hsa; generate_kfd; generate_nv; generate_amd; generate_io_uring; generate_libc; generate_am; generate_webgpu
-else echo "usage: $0 <type>"
-fi
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ import struct
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes
 from tinygrad.device import Buffer, Device
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops
-from tinygrad.shape.shapetracker import ShapeTracker

 # allocate some buffers + load in values
 out = Buffer(DEVICE, 1, dtypes.int32).allocate()
@@ -51,13 +50,12 @@ b = Buffer(DEVICE, 1, dtypes.int32).allocate().copyin(memoryview(bytearray(struc
 # NOTE: a._buf is the same as the return from cpu.allocator.alloc

 # describe the computation
+idx = UOp.const(dtypes.index, 0)
 buf_1 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.int32.ptr(), (), 1)
 buf_2 = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.int32.ptr(), (), 2)
-ld_1 = UOp(Ops.LOAD, dtypes.int32, (buf_1.view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((1,))),))
-ld_2 = UOp(Ops.LOAD, dtypes.int32, (buf_2.view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((1,))),))
-alu = ld_1 + ld_2
+alu = buf_1.index(idx) + buf_2.index(idx)
 output_buf = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.int32.ptr(), (), 0)
-st_0 = UOp(Ops.STORE, dtypes.void, (output_buf.view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((1,))), alu))
+st_0 = UOp(Ops.STORE, dtypes.void, (output_buf.index(idx), alu))
 s = UOp(Ops.SINK, dtypes.void, (st_0,))

 # convert the computation to a "linearized" format (print the format)
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ print("******** third, the UOp ***********")

 from tinygrad.engine.realize import run_schedule
 from tinygrad.engine.schedule import create_schedule_with_vars
-from tinygrad.schedule.kernelize import get_kernelize_map
+from tinygrad.schedule.rangeify import get_rangeify_map

 # allocate some values + load in values
 a = UOp.new_buffer(DEVICE, 1, dtypes.int32)
@@ -93,10 +91,10 @@ out = a + b
 s = UOp(Ops.SINK, dtypes.void, (out,))

 # group the computation into kernels
-becomes_map = get_kernelize_map(s)
+becomes_map = get_rangeify_map(s)

 # the compute maps to an assign
-assign = becomes_map[a+b]
+assign = becomes_map[a+b].base

 # the first source is the output buffer (data)
 assert assign.src[0].op is Ops.BUFFER
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-# Kernel Creation
-
-Tinygrad lazily builds up a graph of Tensor operations. The Tensor graph includes a mix of:
-
- Buffer and Assignment Ops: `BUFFER`, `BUFFER_VIEW`, `COPY`, `ASSIGN`
- Movement Ops: `RESHAPE`, `EXPAND`, `PERMUTE`, `PAD`, `SHRINK`, `FLIP`
- Compute Ops: `ADD`, `MUL`, `REDUCE_AXIS`, ...
-
-`Tensor.kernelize` creates the kernels and buffers needed to realize the output Tensor(s).
-
-## Kernelize flow
-
-Let's see how a multiply add Tensor graph becomes a fused elementwise kernel.
-
-```py
-# initialize 3 input buffers on the device
-a = Tensor([1]).realize()
-b = Tensor([2]).realize()
-c = Tensor([3]).realize()
-
-# create the Tensor graph
-mul = a*b
-out = mul+c
-
-print(mul) # <Tensor <UOp METAL (1,) int (<Ops.MUL: 48>, None)> on METAL with grad None>
-print(out) # <Tensor <UOp METAL (1,) int (<Ops.ADD: 52>, None)> on METAL with grad None>
-
-out.kernelize()
-
-print(mul) # <Tensor <UOp METAL (1,) int (<Ops.MUL: 48>, None)> on METAL with grad None>
-print(out) # <Tensor <UOp METAL (1,) int (<Ops.ASSIGN: 66>, None)> on METAL with grad None>
-```
-
-The multiply Tensor stays the same because it is fused. The output Tensor's UOp becomes a new ASSIGN UOp:
-
-```py
-print(out.uop)
-```
-
-The first source is the output BUFFER:
-
-```
-UOp(Ops.BUFFER, dtypes.int, arg=1, src=(
-  UOp(Ops.DEVICE, dtypes.void, arg='METAL', src=()),
-  UOp(Ops.UNIQUE, dtypes.void, arg=6, src=()),))
-```
-
-And the second source is the KERNEL and its 4 buffer edges (output_buffer, a, b, c):
-
-```
-UOp(Ops.KERNEL, dtypes.void, arg=<Kernel 12 SINK(<Ops.STORE: 45>,) (__add__, __mul__)>, src=(
-  UOp(Ops.BUFFER, dtypes.int, arg=1, src=(
-    x1:=UOp(Ops.DEVICE, dtypes.void, arg='METAL', src=()),
-    UOp(Ops.UNIQUE, dtypes.void, arg=6, src=()),)),
-  UOp(Ops.BUFFER, dtypes.int, arg=1, src=(
-     x1,
-    UOp(Ops.UNIQUE, dtypes.void, arg=1, src=()),)),
-  UOp(Ops.BUFFER, dtypes.int, arg=1, src=(
-     x1,
-    UOp(Ops.UNIQUE, dtypes.void, arg=3, src=()),)),
-  UOp(Ops.BUFFER, dtypes.int, arg=1, src=(
-     x1,
-    UOp(Ops.UNIQUE, dtypes.void, arg=5, src=()),)),))
-```
-
-KERNEL describes the compute AST, metadata and memory dependencies.
-
-BUFFER holds a reference to the device memory where the output will be stored.
-
-Once a Tensor is kernelized, all children will LOAD its BUFFER, instead of fusing it:
-
-```py
-child = out+2
-child.kernelize()
-print(child.uop.src[1].arg.ast)
-```
-
-```
-UOp(Ops.SINK, dtypes.void, arg=None, src=(
-  UOp(Ops.STORE, dtypes.void, arg=None, src=(
-    UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.int.ptr(1), arg=0, src=()),
-    x2:=UOp(Ops.VIEW, dtypes.void, arg=ShapeTracker(views=(View(shape=(1,), strides=(0,), offset=0, mask=None, contiguous=True),)), src=()),
-    UOp(Ops.ADD, dtypes.int, arg=None, src=(
-      UOp(Ops.LOAD, dtypes.int, arg=None, src=(
-        UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.int.ptr(1), arg=1, src=()),
-         x2,)),
-      UOp(Ops.CONST, dtypes.int, arg=2, src=(
-         x2,)),)),)),))
-```
-
-`Tensor.realize` will execute the kernels and write outputs to memory:
-
-```py
-Tensor.realize(out)
-print(out)        # <Tensor <UOp METAL (1,) int (<Ops.BUFFER: 23>, <buf real:True device:METAL size:1 dtype:dtypes.int offset:0>)> on METAL with grad None>
-print(out.item()) # 5
-```
-
-<hr />
-
-**Summary**
-
- The large Tensor graph is built from a mix of data, compute and movement Ops.
-
- `Tensor.kernelize` splits the Tensor graph into data (BUFFER), compute (KERNEL) and links dependencies with ASSIGN.
-
- `Tensor.realize` executes KERNELs on device and replaces the Tensor graph with just a BUFFER.
-
- Kernelize can be called multiple times on a Tensor. This allows for incrementally building the kernel fusion layout of a large Tensor graph, without having to call `realize` or `schedule`.
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Directories are listed in order of how they are processed.

 Group UOps into kernels.

-::: tinygrad.schedule.kernelize.get_kernelize_map
+::: tinygrad.schedule.rangeify.get_rangeify_map
    options:
        members: false
        show_labels: false
@@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ BEAM                | [#]        | number of beams in kernel beam search
 DEFAULT_FLOAT       | [HALF, ...]| specify the default float dtype (FLOAT32, HALF, BFLOAT16, FLOAT64, ...), default to FLOAT32
 IMAGE               | [1-2]      | enable 2d specific optimizations
 FLOAT16             | [1]        | use float16 for images instead of float32
-PTX                 | [1]        | enable the specialized [PTX](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/) assembler for Nvidia GPUs. If not set, defaults to generic CUDA codegen backend.
-PROFILE             | [1]        | enable profiling. This feature is supported in NV, AMD, QCOM and METAL backends.
-VISIBLE_DEVICES     | [list[int]]| restricts the NV/AMD devices that are available. The format is a comma-separated list of identifiers (indexing starts with 0).
+HCQ_VISIBLE_DEVICES | [list[int]]| restricts the HCQ devices that are available. The format is a comma-separated list of identifiers (indexing starts with 0).
 JIT                 | [0-2]      | 0=disabled, 1=[jit enabled](quickstart.md#jit) (default), 2=jit enabled, but graphs are disabled
 VIZ                 | [1]        | 0=disabled, 1=[viz enabled](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/viz)
 ALLOW_TF32          | [1]        | enable TensorFloat-32 tensor cores on Ampere or newer GPUs.
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@

 tinygrad supports various runtimes, enabling your code to scale across a wide range of devices. The default runtime can be automatically selected based on the available hardware, or you can force a specific runtime to be default using environment variables (e.g., `CPU=1`).

-| Runtime | Description | Requirements |
-|---------|-------------|--------------|
-| [NV](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_nv.py) | Provides acceleration for NVIDIA GPUs | Ampere/Ada series GPUs |
-| [AMD](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py) | Provides acceleration for AMD GPUs | RDNA2/RDNA3/RDNA4 series GPUs. You can select one of the interfaces for communication by setting `AMD_IFACE=(KFD|PCI)`. See [AMD interfaces](#amd-interfaces) for more details. |
-| [QCOM](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_qcom.py) | Provides acceleration for QCOM GPUs | 6xx series GPUs |
-| [METAL](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_metal.py) | Utilizes Metal for acceleration on Apple devices | M1+ Macs; Metal 3.0+ for `bfloat` support |
-| [CUDA](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cuda.py) | Utilizes CUDA for acceleration on NVIDIA GPUs | NVIDIA GPU with CUDA support |
-| [OpenCL](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cl.py) | Accelerates computations using OpenCL on GPUs | OpenCL 2.0 compatible device |
-| [CPU (C Code)](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py) | Runs on CPU using the clang compiler | `clang` compiler in system `PATH` |
-| [LLVM (LLVM IR)](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_llvm.py) | Runs on CPU using the LLVM compiler infrastructure | llvm libraries installed and findable |
-| [WEBGPU](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_webgpu.py) | Runs on GPU using the Dawn WebGPU engine (used in Google Chrome) | Dawn library installed and findable. Download binaries [here](https://github.com/wpmed92/pydawn/releases/tag/v0.3.0). |
+| Runtime | Description | Compiler Options | Requirements |
+|---------|-------------|------------------|--------------|
+| [NV](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_nv.py) | Provides acceleration for NVIDIA GPUs | nvrtc (default)<br>PTX (`NV_PTX=1`) | Ampere/Ada/Blackwell series GPUs.<br>You can select an interface via `NV_IFACE=(NVK\|PCI)`. See [NV interfaces](#nv-interfaces) for details. |
+| [AMD](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py) | Provides acceleration for AMD GPUs | LLVM (`AMD_LLVM=1`)<br>HIP/COMGR (`AMD_HIP=1`) | RDNA2 or newer GPUs.<br>You can select an interface via `AMD_IFACE=(KFD\|PCI\|USB)`. See [AMD interfaces](#amd-interfaces) for details. |
+| [QCOM](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_qcom.py) | Provides acceleration for QCOM GPUs | - | 6xx series GPUs |
+| [METAL](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_metal.py) | Utilizes Metal for acceleration on Apple devices | - | M1+ Macs; Metal 3.0+ for `bfloat` support |
+| [CUDA](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cuda.py) | Utilizes CUDA for acceleration on NVIDIA GPUs | nvrtc (default)<br> PTX (`CUDA_PTX=1`) | NVIDIA GPU with CUDA support |
+| [CL](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cl.py) | Accelerates computations using OpenCL on GPUs | - | OpenCL 2.0 compatible device |
+| [CPU](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_cpu.py) | Runs on CPU using the clang or llvm compiler | Clang JIT (default)<br>LLVM IR (`CPU_LLVM=1`) | `clang` compiler in system `PATH` |
+| [WEBGPU](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/ops_webgpu.py) | Runs on GPU using the Dawn WebGPU engine (used in Google Chrome) | - | Dawn library installed and discoverable. Binaries: [pydawn v0.3.0](https://github.com/wpmed92/pydawn/releases/tag/v0.3.0) |
+

 ## Interoperability

@@ -70,5 +70,12 @@ AMD backend supports several interfaces for communicating with devices:

 * `KFD`: uses the amdgpu driver
 * `PCI`: uses the [AM driver](developer/am.md)
+* `USB`: USB3 interafce for asm24xx chips.

 You can force an interface by setting `AMD_IFACE` to one of these values. In the case of `AMD_IFACE=PCI`, this may unbind your GPU from the amdgpu driver.
+
+## NV Interfaces
+NV backend supports several interfaces for communicating with devices:
+
+* `NVK`: uses the nvidia driver
+* `PCI`: uses the [NV driver](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad/tree/master/tinygrad/runtime/support/nv/nvdev.py)
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ GPUS = [f'{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}' for i in range(getenv("GPUS", 1))]

 # override tinygrad defaults
 dtypes.default_float = dtypes.half
-Context(FUSE_ARANGE=1, FUSE_OPTIM=1).__enter__()
+Context(FUSE_OPTIM=1).__enter__()

 # from https://github.com/tysam-code/hlb-CIFAR10/blob/main/main.py
 batchsize = getenv("BS", 1024)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sys, time
 from tinygrad import TinyJit, GlobalCounters, fetch, getenv
-from tinygrad.frontend.onnx import OnnxRunner
+from tinygrad.nn.onnx import OnnxRunner
 from extra.onnx_helpers import get_example_inputs, validate

 def load_onnx_model(onnx_file):
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import numpy as np
 import subprocess
 import tensorflow as tf
 import tf2onnx
-from tinygrad.frontend.onnx import OnnxRunner
+from tinygrad.nn.onnx import OnnxRunner
 from tinygrad.tensor import Tensor
 from tinygrad.helpers import to_mv
 from extra.export_model import export_model_clang, compile_net, jit_model
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ class Attention:
      start_pos = start_pos.val

    if HALF: x = x.half()
-    xqkv = self.c_attn(x)
-    xq, xk, xv = [xqkv.shrink((None, None, (i*self.dim, (i+1)*self.dim))).reshape(None, None, self.n_heads, self.head_dim) for i in range(3)]
+    xqkv = self.c_attn(x).reshape(None, None, 3, self.n_heads, self.head_dim)
+    xq, xk, xv = [xqkv[:, :, i, :, :] for i in range(3)]
    bsz, seqlen, _, _ = xq.shape

    # create kv cache
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ class Attention:
      self.cache_kv = Tensor.zeros(2, bsz, MAX_CONTEXT, self.n_heads, self.head_dim, dtype=x.dtype).contiguous().realize()

    # update the cache
-    self.cache_kv.shrink((None, None,(start_pos,start_pos+seqlen),None,None)).assign(Tensor.stack(xk, xv)).realize()
+    self.cache_kv[:, :, start_pos:start_pos+seqlen, :, :].assign(Tensor.stack(xk, xv)).realize()

    if start_pos > 0:
-      keys = self.cache_kv[0].shrink((None, (0, start_pos+seqlen), None, None))
-      values = self.cache_kv[1].shrink((None, (0, start_pos+seqlen), None, None))
+      keys = self.cache_kv[0][:, :start_pos+seqlen, :, :]
+      values = self.cache_kv[1][:, :start_pos+seqlen, :, :]
    else:
      keys = xk
      values = xv
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class TransformerBlock:

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor, start_pos:Variable, mask:Optional[Tensor]):
    h = x + self.attn(self.ln_1(x), start_pos, mask).float()
-    return (h + self.mlp(self.ln_2(h)))
+    return (h + self.mlp(self.ln_2(h))).contiguous()

 class Transformer:
  def __init__(self, dim, n_heads, n_layers, norm_eps, vocab_size, max_seq_len=1024):
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
  gpt2 = GPT2.build_gguf(args.model_size) if args.model_size.startswith("gpt2_gguf_") else GPT2.build(args.model_size)

  if args.benchmark != -1:
-    gpt2.model(Tensor.rand(args.batch_size, args.benchmark), Variable("a", 0, MAX_CONTEXT).bind(0)).realize()
+    gpt2.model(Tensor.randint(args.batch_size, args.benchmark), Variable("a", 0, MAX_CONTEXT).bind(0)).realize()
  else:
    texts = gpt2.generate(args.prompt, args.count, args.temperature, timing=args.timing, batch_size=args.batch_size)
    if not args.noshow:
@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ hyp = {
  },
 }

-@Context(FUSE_ARANGE=getenv("FUSE_ARANGE", 1))
 def train_cifar():

  def set_seed(seed):
@@ -229,7 +228,8 @@ def train_cifar():
    if getenv("RANDOM_CROP", 1):
      X = random_crop(X, crop_size=32)
    if getenv("RANDOM_FLIP", 1):
-      X = (Tensor.rand(X.shape[0],1,1,1) < 0.5).where(X.flip(-1), X) # flip LR
+      # NOTE: RANGEIFY=1 needs this contiguous or the X[perms] is very slow
+      X = (Tensor.rand(X.shape[0],1,1,1) < 0.5).where(X.flip(-1), X).contiguous() # flip LR
    X, Y = X[perms], Y[perms]
    return X, Y, *cutmix(X, Y, perms, mask_size=hyp['net']['cutmix_size'])

@@ -145,6 +145,41 @@ def NF4Linear(block_size):
      return new_state_dict
  return _NF4Linear

+def quantize_to_fp8(x: Tensor, dtype=dtypes.fp8e4m3):
+  fp8_min = -448.0 if dtype == dtypes.fp8e4m3 else -57344.0
+  fp8_max = 448.0 if dtype == dtypes.fp8e4m3 else 57344.0
+  scale = fp8_max / x.abs().max()
+  x_scl_sat = (x * scale).clamp(fp8_min, fp8_max)
+  return x_scl_sat.cast(dtype), scale.float().reciprocal()
+
+class FP8Linear:
+  def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bias=True):
+    self.weight = Tensor.empty(out_features, in_features, dtype=dtypes.fp8e4m3)
+    self.bias = Tensor.empty(out_features, dtype=dtypes.float16) if bias else None
+    self.weight_scale = Tensor.empty((), dtype=dtypes.float16)
+
+  def __call__(self, x:Tensor):
+    y = x.dot(self.weight.T.cast(dtypes.float32)) * self.weight_scale
+    if self.bias is not None: y = y + self.bias.cast(y.dtype)
+    return y.cast(x.dtype)
+
+  @staticmethod
+  def quantize(tensors, device, scale_dtype=dtypes.float16, quantize_embeds=False):
+    assert not quantize_embeds
+    new_tensors = {}
+    for name,v in tensors.items():
+      if "feed_forward" in name or "attention.w" in name:
+        assert "weight" in name, name
+        fp8_weight, scale = quantize_to_fp8(v)
+        new_tensors[name] = fp8_weight
+        new_tensors[name.replace('weight', 'weight_scale')] = scale.cast(scale_dtype)
+        if isinstance(device, tuple):
+          new_tensors[name].shard_(device, axis=-1)
+          new_tensors[name.replace('weight', 'weight_scale')].shard_(device, axis=None)
+      else:
+        new_tensors[name] = v
+    return new_tensors
+
 MODEL_PARAMS = {
  "1B": {
    "args": {"dim": 2048, "n_heads": 32, "n_kv_heads": 8, "n_layers": 16, "norm_eps": 1e-5, "rope_theta": 500000, "vocab_size": 128256, "hidden_dim": 8192},
@@ -167,6 +202,7 @@ def build_transformer(model_path: Path, model_size="8B", quantize=None, scale_dt
  # build model
  if quantize == "int8": linear, embedding, quantize_embeds = Int8Linear, Int8Embedding, True
  elif quantize == "nf4": linear, embedding, quantize_embeds = NF4Linear(64), nn.Embedding, False
+  elif quantize == "fp8": linear, embedding, quantize_embeds = FP8Linear, nn.Embedding, False
  else: linear, embedding, quantize_embeds = nn.Linear, nn.Embedding, False
  model = Transformer(**MODEL_PARAMS[model_size]["args"], linear=linear, embedding=embedding, max_context=max_context, jit=True)

@@ -242,7 +278,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
  parser.add_argument("--model", type=Path, help="Model path")
  parser.add_argument("--size", choices=["1B", "8B", "70B", "405B"], default="1B", help="Model size")
  parser.add_argument("--shard", type=int, default=1, help="Shard the model across multiple devices")
-  parser.add_argument("--quantize", choices=["int8", "nf4", "float16"], help="Quantization method")
+  parser.add_argument("--quantize", choices=["int8", "nf4", "float16", "fp8"], help="Quantization method")
  parser.add_argument("--no_api", action="store_true", help="Disable the api and run a cli test interface")
  parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="0.0.0.0", help="Web server bind address")
  parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=7776, help="Web server port")
@@ -511,6 +511,33 @@ def batch_load_retinanet(dataset, val:bool, base_dir:Path, batch_size:int=32, sh
      # happens with BENCHMARK set
      pass

+# stable diffusion callbacks to match mlperf ref; declared here because they're pickled
+def filter_dataset(sample:dict): return {k:v for k,v in sample.items() if k in {'npy', 'txt'}}
+def collate(batch:list[dict]):
+  ret = {"npy": [], "txt": [], "__key__": []}
+  for sample in batch:
+    for k,v in sample.items():
+      ret[k].append(v)
+  return ret
+def collate_fn(batch): return batch
+
+# Reference (code): https://github.com/mlcommons/training/blob/2f4a93fb4888180755a8ef55f4b977ef8f60a89e/stable_diffusion/ldm/data/webdatasets.py, Line 55
+# Reference (params): https://github.com/mlcommons/training/blob/ab4ae1ca718d7fe62c369710a316dff18768d04b/stable_diffusion/configs/train_01x08x08.yaml, Line 107
+def batch_load_train_stable_diffusion(urls:str, BS:int):
+  import webdataset
+  dataset = webdataset.WebDataset(urls=urls, resampled=True, cache_size=-1, cache_dir=None)
+  dataset = dataset.shuffle(size=1000)
+  dataset = dataset.decode()
+  dataset = dataset.map(filter_dataset)
+  dataset = dataset.batched(BS, partial=False, collation_fn=collate)
+  dataset = webdataset.WebLoader(dataset, batch_size=None, shuffle=False, num_workers=1, persistent_workers=True, collate_fn=collate_fn)
+
+  for x in dataset:
+    assert isinstance(x, dict) and all(isinstance(k, str) for k in x.keys()) and all(isinstance(v, list) for v in x.values())
+    assert all(isinstance(moment_mean_logvar, np.ndarray) and moment_mean_logvar.shape==(1,8,64,64) for moment_mean_logvar in x["npy"])
+    assert all(isinstance(caption, str) for caption in x["txt"])
+    yield x
+
 # llama3

 class BinIdxDataset:
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ import math
 from typing import Union

 from tinygrad import Tensor, nn, dtypes
-from tinygrad.helpers import prod, argfix
+from tinygrad.helpers import prod, argfix, Context
+from tinygrad.nn.state import get_parameters
+from extra.models.unet import UNetModel

 # rejection sampling truncated randn
 def rand_truncn(*shape, dtype=None, truncstds=2, **kwargs) -> Tensor:
@@ -17,6 +19,10 @@ def he_normal(*shape, a: float = 0.00, **kwargs) -> Tensor:
  std = math.sqrt(2.0 / (1 + a ** 2)) / math.sqrt(prod(argfix(*shape)[1:])) / 0.87962566103423978
  return std * rand_truncn(*shape, **kwargs)

+# Stable Diffusion v2 training uses default torch gelu, which doesn't use tanh approximation
+def gelu_erf(x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+  return 0.5 * x * (1.0 + (x / 1.4142135623730951).erf())
+
 class Conv2dHeNormal(nn.Conv2d):
  def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=1, padding=0, dilation=1, groups=1, bias=True):
    super().__init__(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=groups, bias=bias)
@@ -127,3 +133,59 @@ class Conv2dRetinaNet(nn.Conv2d):
  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
    return x.conv2d(self.weight.cast(dtypes.default_float), self.bias.cast(dtypes.default_float) if self.bias is not None else None,
                    groups=self.groups, stride=self.stride, dilation=self.dilation, padding=self.padding)
+
+# copy torch AMP: isolate mixed precision to just the below autocast ops, instead of using dtypes.default_float which affects all new Tensors
+class AutocastLinear(nn.Linear):
+  cast_dtype=dtypes.bfloat16 # enable monkeypatching of the mixed precision dtype
+  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+    dtype = type(self).cast_dtype
+    return x.cast(dtype).linear(self.weight.cast(dtype).transpose(), self.bias.cast(dtype) if self.bias is not None else None)
+
+class AutocastConv2d(nn.Conv2d):
+  cast_dtype=dtypes.bfloat16
+  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+    dtype = type(self).cast_dtype
+    return x.cast(dtype).conv2d(self.weight.cast(dtype), self.bias.cast(dtype), self.groups, self.stride, self.dilation, self.padding)
+
+# copy torch AMP: upcast to float32 before GroupNorm and LayerNorm
+class AutocastGroupNorm(nn.GroupNorm):
+  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+    return super().__call__(x.cast(dtypes.float32))
+
+class AutocastLayerNorm(nn.LayerNorm):
+  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+    return super().__call__(x.cast(dtypes.float32))
+
+def zero_module(module):
+  for p in get_parameters(module): p.assign(Tensor.zeros_like(p).contiguous())
+
+# Stable Diffusion mlperf reference doesn't call scaled_dot_product_attention
+# copy torch AMP: upcast to float32 before softmax on CUDA
+def attn_f32_softmax(q:Tensor, k:Tensor, v:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+  return (q.matmul(k.transpose(-2,-1), dtype=dtypes.float32) / math.sqrt(q.shape[-1])).softmax(-1).cast(q.dtype) @ v
+
+def init_stable_diffusion(version:str, pretrained:str, devices:list[str]):
+  from examples.stable_diffusion import StableDiffusion
+  from tinygrad.nn.state import safe_load, safe_save, load_state_dict, get_state_dict
+  from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+  model = StableDiffusion(version=version, pretrained=pretrained)
+  unet:UNetModel = model.model.diffusion_model
+
+  # this prevents extra consumption of memory, enabling much larger BS
+  Tensor.realize(*get_parameters(unet))
+  with TemporaryDirectory(prefix="unet_init") as tmp:
+    safe_save(get_state_dict(unet), init_fn:=f"{tmp}/init_model.safetensors")
+    load_state_dict(unet, safe_load(init_fn))
+
+  sqrt_alphas_cumprod = model.alphas_cumprod.sqrt().realize()
+  sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod = (1 - model.alphas_cumprod).sqrt().realize()
+
+  if len(devices) > 1:
+    to_move = [sqrt_alphas_cumprod, sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod]
+    if version == "v2-mlperf-train": to_move += get_parameters(unet) + get_parameters(model.cond_stage_model)
+    for p in to_move:
+      p.to_(devices)
+    with Context(BEAM=0):
+      Tensor.realize(*to_move)
+
+  return model, unet, sqrt_alphas_cumprod, sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import math
-from tinygrad import dtypes
+from tinygrad import dtypes, Tensor
 from tinygrad.nn.optim import Optimizer

 from extra.lr_scheduler import LR_Scheduler
+from typing import Callable

 # https://github.com/mlcommons/training/blob/e237206991d10449d9675d95606459a3cb6c21ad/image_classification/tensorflow2/lars_util.py
 class PolynomialDecayWithWarmup(LR_Scheduler):
@@ -36,4 +37,24 @@ class CosineAnnealingLRWithWarmup(LR_Scheduler):
  def get_lr(self):
    warmup_lr = ((self.epoch_counter+1) / self.warmup_steps) * self.base_lr
    decay_lr = self.end_lr + 0.5 * (self.base_lr-self.end_lr) * (1 + (((self.epoch_counter+1-self.warmup_steps)/self.decay_steps) * math.pi).cos())
-    return (self.epoch_counter < self.warmup_steps).where(warmup_lr, decay_lr).cast(self.optimizer.lr.dtype)
+    return (self.epoch_counter < self.warmup_steps).where(warmup_lr, decay_lr).cast(self.optimizer.lr.dtype)
+
+# Reference: https://github.com/mlcommons/training/blob/64b14a9abc74e08779a175abca7d291f8c957632/stable_diffusion/ldm/lr_scheduler.py, Lines 36-97
+class LambdaLinearScheduler:
+  def __init__(self, warm_up_steps:int, f_min:float, f_max:float, f_start:float, cycle_lengths:int):
+    self.lr_warm_up_steps, self.f_min, self.f_max, self.f_start, self.cycle_lengths = warm_up_steps, f_min, f_max, f_start, cycle_lengths
+
+  def schedule(self, n:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+    warm_up = (n < self.lr_warm_up_steps)
+    f_warm_up = (self.f_max - self.f_start) / self.lr_warm_up_steps * n + self.f_start
+    return warm_up.where(f_warm_up, self.f_min + (self.f_max - self.f_min) * (self.cycle_lengths - n) / (self.cycle_lengths))
+
+# based on torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR
+class LambdaLR(LR_Scheduler):
+  def __init__(self, optimizer:Optimizer, base_lr:Tensor, lr_lambda:Callable):
+    super().__init__(optimizer)
+    self.base_lr, self.lr_lambda = base_lr, lr_lambda
+    self.step()
+
+  def get_lr(self):
+    return self.base_lr * self.lr_lambda(self.epoch_counter - 1)
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-import time, math
+import time, math, os
 start = time.perf_counter()
 from pathlib import Path
 import numpy as np
 from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, dtypes, GlobalCounters, TinyJit
 from tinygrad.nn.state import get_parameters, load_state_dict, safe_load
-from tinygrad.helpers import getenv
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, Context, prod
 from extra.bench_log import BenchEvent, WallTimeEvent
 def tlog(x): print(f"{x:25s}  @ {time.perf_counter()-start:5.2f}s")

@@ -287,6 +287,256 @@ def eval_llama3():
  log_perplexity = np.mean(losses)
  print(f"Log Perplexity: {log_perplexity}")

+# NOTE: BEAM hangs on 8xmi300x with DECODE_BS=384 in final realize below; function is declared here for external testing
+@TinyJit
+def vae_decode(x:Tensor, vae, disable_beam=False) -> Tensor:
+  from examples.stable_diffusion import AutoencoderKL
+  assert isinstance(vae, AutoencoderKL)
+  x = vae.post_quant_conv(1./0.18215 * x)
+
+  x = vae.decoder.conv_in(x)
+  x = vae.decoder.mid(x)
+  for i, l in enumerate(vae.decoder.up[::-1]):
+    print("decode", x.shape)
+    for b in l['block']: x = b(x)
+    if 'upsample' in l:
+      bs,c,py,px = x.shape
+      x = x.reshape(bs, c, py, 1, px, 1).expand(bs, c, py, 2, px, 2).reshape(bs, c, py*2, px*2)
+      x = l['upsample']['conv'](x)
+    if i == len(vae.decoder.up) - 1 and disable_beam:
+      with Context(BEAM=0): x.realize()
+    else: x.realize()
+  x = vae.decoder.conv_out(vae.decoder.norm_out(x).swish())
+
+  x = ((x + 1.0) / 2.0).clip(0.0, 1.0)
+  return x
+
+def eval_stable_diffusion():
+  import csv, PIL, sys
+  from tqdm import tqdm
+  from examples.mlperf.initializers import init_stable_diffusion, gelu_erf
+  from examples.stable_diffusion import AutoencoderKL
+  from extra.models.unet import UNetModel
+  from tinygrad.nn.state import load_state_dict, torch_load
+  from tinygrad.helpers import BEAM
+  from extra.models import clip
+  from extra.models.clip import FrozenOpenClipEmbedder
+  from extra.models.clip import OpenClipEncoder
+  from extra.models.inception import FidInceptionV3
+
+  config = {}
+  GPUS               = config["GPUS"]                   = [f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}" for i in range(getenv("GPUS", 1))]
+  for x in GPUS: Device[x]
+  print(f"running eval on {GPUS}")
+  seed               = config["seed"]                   = getenv("SEED", 12345)
+  CKPTDIR            = config["CKPTDIR"]                = Path(getenv("CKPTDIR", "./checkpoints"))
+  DATADIR            = config["DATADIR"]                = Path(getenv("DATADIR", "./datasets"))
+  CONTEXT_BS         = config["CONTEXT_BS"]             = getenv("CONTEXT_BS", 1 * len(GPUS))
+  DENOISE_BS         = config["DENOISE_BS"]             = getenv("DENOISE_BS", 1 * len(GPUS))
+  DECODE_BS          = config["DECODE_BS"]              = getenv("DECODE_BS", 1 * len(GPUS))
+  INCEPTION_BS       = config["INCEPTION_BS"]           = getenv("INCEPTION_BS", 1 * len(GPUS))
+  CLIP_BS            = config["CLIP_BS"]                = getenv("CLIP_BS", 1 * len(GPUS))
+  EVAL_CKPT_DIR      = config["EVAL_CKPT_DIR"]          = getenv("EVAL_CKPT_DIR", "")
+  STOP_IF_CONVERGED  = config["STOP_IF_CONVERGED"]      = getenv("STOP_IF_CONVERGED", 0)
+
+  if (WANDB := getenv("WANDB", "")):
+    import wandb
+    wandb.init(config=config, project="MLPerf-Stable-Diffusion")
+
+  assert EVAL_CKPT_DIR != "", "provide a directory with checkpoints to be evaluated"
+  print(f"running eval on checkpoints in {EVAL_CKPT_DIR}\nSEED={seed}")
+  eval_queue:list[tuple[int, Path]] = []
+  for p in Path(EVAL_CKPT_DIR).iterdir():
+    if p.name.endswith(".safetensors"):
+      ckpt_iteration = p.name.split(".safetensors")[0]
+      assert ckpt_iteration.isdigit(), f"invalid checkpoint name: {p.name}, expected <digits>.safetensors"
+      eval_queue.append((int(ckpt_iteration), p))
+  assert len(eval_queue), f'no files ending with ".safetensors" were found in {EVAL_CKPT_DIR}'
+  print(sorted(eval_queue, reverse=True))
+
+  Tensor.manual_seed(seed)  # seed for weight initialization
+  model, unet, sqrt_alphas_cumprod, sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod = init_stable_diffusion("v2-mlperf-eval", CKPTDIR / "sd" / "512-base-ema.ckpt", GPUS)
+
+  # load prompts for generating images for validation; 2 MB of data total
+  with open(DATADIR / "coco2014" / "val2014_30k.tsv") as f:
+    reader = csv.DictReader(f, delimiter="\t")
+    eval_inputs:list[dict] = [{"image_id": int(row["image_id"]), "id": int(row["id"]), "caption": row["caption"]} for row in reader]
+  assert len(eval_inputs) == 30_000
+  # NOTE: the clip weights are the same between model.cond_stage_model and clip_encoder
+  eval_timesteps = list(reversed(range(1, 1000, 20)))
+
+  original_device, Device.DEFAULT = Device.DEFAULT, "CPU"
+  # The choice of alphas_prev[0] = alphas_cumprod[0] seems arbitrary, but it's how the mlperf ref does it:
+  #   alphas_prev = np.asarray([alphacums[0]] + alphacums[ddim_timesteps[:-1]].tolist())
+  eval_alphas_prev = model.alphas_cumprod[0:1].cat(model.alphas_cumprod[list(range(1, 1000, 20))[:-1]]).to(GPUS).realize()
+  inception = FidInceptionV3().load_from_pretrained(CKPTDIR / "inception" / "pt_inception-2015-12-05-6726825d.pth")
+  vision_cfg = {'width': 1280, 'layers': 32, 'd_head': 80, 'image_size': 224, 'patch_size': 14}
+  text_cfg = {'width': 1024, 'n_heads': 16, 'layers': 24, 'vocab_size': 49408, 'ctx_length': 77}
+  clip.gelu = gelu_erf
+  clip_encoder = OpenClipEncoder(1024, text_cfg, vision_cfg)
+  loaded = torch_load(CKPTDIR / "clip" / "open_clip_pytorch_model.bin")
+  loaded.update({"attn_mask": clip_encoder.attn_mask, "mean": clip_encoder.mean, "std": clip_encoder.std})
+  load_state_dict(clip_encoder, loaded)
+  Device.DEFAULT=original_device
+
+  @TinyJit
+  def denoise_step(x:Tensor, x_x:Tensor, t_t:Tensor, uc_c:Tensor, sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t:Tensor, sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t:Tensor,
+                    alpha_prev:Tensor, unet:UNetModel, GPUS) -> Tensor:
+    out_uncond, out = unet(x_x, t_t, uc_c).to("CPU").reshape(-1, 2, 4, 64, 64).chunk(2, dim=1)
+    out_uncond = out_uncond.squeeze(1).shard(GPUS,axis=0)
+    out = out.squeeze(1).shard(GPUS,axis=0)
+    v_t = out_uncond + 8.0 * (out - out_uncond)
+    e_t = sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t * v_t + sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t * x
+    pred_x0 = sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t * x - sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t * v_t
+    dir_xt = (1. - alpha_prev).sqrt() * e_t
+    x_prev = alpha_prev.sqrt() * pred_x0 + dir_xt
+    return x_prev.realize()
+
+  def shard_tensor(t:Tensor) -> Tensor: return t.shard(GPUS, axis=0) if len(GPUS) > 1 else t.to(GPUS[0])
+  def get_batch(whole:Tensor, i:int, bs:int) -> tuple[Tensor, int]:
+    batch = whole[i: i + bs].to("CPU")
+    if (unpadded_bs:=batch.shape[0]) < bs:
+      batch = batch.cat(batch[-1:].expand(bs - unpadded_bs, *batch[-1].shape))
+    return batch, unpadded_bs 
+
+  @Tensor.train(mode=False)
+  def eval_unet(eval_inputs:list[dict], unet:UNetModel, cond_stage:FrozenOpenClipEmbedder, first_stage:AutoencoderKL,
+                inception:FidInceptionV3, clip:OpenClipEncoder) -> tuple[float, float]:
+    # Eval is divided into 5 jits, one per model
+    # It doesn't make sense to merge these jits, e.g. unet repeats 50 times in isolation; images fork to separate inception/clip
+    # We're generating and scoring 30,000 images per eval, and all the data can flow through one jit at a time
+    # To maximize throughput for each jit, we have only one model/jit on the GPU at a time, and pool outputs from each jit off-GPU
+    for model in (unet, first_stage, inception, clip):
+      Tensor.realize(*[p.to_("CPU") for p in get_parameters(model)])
+
+    uc_written = False
+    models = (cond_stage, unet, first_stage, inception, clip)
+    jits = (jit_context:=TinyJit(cond_stage.embed_tokens), denoise_step, vae_decode, jit_inception:=TinyJit(inception),
+            jit_clip:=TinyJit(clip.get_clip_score))
+    all_bs = (CONTEXT_BS, DENOISE_BS, DECODE_BS, INCEPTION_BS, CLIP_BS)
+    if (EVAL_SAMPLES:=getenv("EVAL_SAMPLES", 0)) and EVAL_SAMPLES > 0:
+      eval_inputs = eval_inputs[0:EVAL_SAMPLES]
+    output_shapes = [(ns:=len(eval_inputs),77), (ns,77,1024), (ns,4,64,64), (ns,3,512,512), (ns,2048), (ns,)]
+    # Writing progress to disk lets us resume eval if we crash
+    stages = ["tokens", "embeds", "latents", "imgs", "inception", "clip"]
+    disk_tensor_names, disk_tensor_shapes = stages + ["end", "uc"], output_shapes + [(6,), (1,77,1024)]
+    if not all(os.path.exists(f"{EVAL_CKPT_DIR}/{name}.bytes") for name in disk_tensor_names):
+      for name, shape in zip(disk_tensor_names, disk_tensor_shapes):
+        file = Path(f"{EVAL_CKPT_DIR}/{name}.bytes")
+        file.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        with file.open("wb") as f: f.truncate(prod(shape) * 4)
+    progress = {name: Tensor.empty(*shape, device=f"disk:{EVAL_CKPT_DIR}/{name}.bytes", dtype=dtypes.int if name in {"tokens", "end"} else dtypes.float)
+                for name, shape in zip(disk_tensor_names, disk_tensor_shapes)}
+
+    def embed_tokens(tokens:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+      nonlocal uc_written
+      if not uc_written:
+        with Context(BEAM=0): progress["uc"].assign(cond_stage.embed_tokens(cond_stage.tokenize("").to(GPUS)).to("CPU").realize()).realize()
+        uc_written = True
+      return jit_context(shard_tensor(tokens))
+
+    def generate_latents(embeds:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+      uc_c = Tensor.stack(progress["uc"].to("CPU").expand(bs, 77, 1024), embeds, dim=1).reshape(-1, 77, 1024)
+      uc_c = shard_tensor(uc_c)
+      x = shard_tensor(Tensor.randn(bs,4,64,64))
+      for step_idx, timestep in enumerate(tqdm(eval_timesteps)):
+        reversed_idx = Tensor([50 - step_idx - 1], device=GPUS)
+        alpha_prev = eval_alphas_prev[reversed_idx]
+        ts = Tensor.full(bs, fill_value=timestep, dtype=dtypes.int, device="CPU")
+        ts_ts = shard_tensor(ts.cat(ts))
+        ts = shard_tensor(ts)
+        sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t = sqrt_alphas_cumprod[ts].reshape(bs, 1, 1, 1)
+        sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t = sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod[ts].reshape(bs, 1, 1, 1)
+        x_x = shard_tensor(Tensor.stack(x.to("CPU"), x.to("CPU"), dim=1).reshape(-1, 4, 64, 64))
+        x.assign(denoise_step(x, x_x, ts_ts, uc_c, sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t, sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t, alpha_prev, unet, GPUS)).realize()
+      return x
+
+    def decode_latents(latents:Tensor) -> Tensor: return vae_decode(shard_tensor(latents), first_stage, disable_beam=True)
+    def generate_inception(imgs:Tensor) -> Tensor: return jit_inception(shard_tensor(imgs))[:,:,0,0]
+
+    def calc_clip_scores(batch:Tensor, batch_tokens:Tensor) -> Tensor:
+      # Tensor.interpolate does not yet support bicubic, so we use PIL
+      batch = (batch.to(GPUS[0]).permute(0,2,3,1) * 255).clip(0, 255).cast(dtypes.uint8).numpy()
+      batch = [np.array(PIL.Image.fromarray(batch[i]).resize((224,224), PIL.Image.BICUBIC)) for i in range(bs)]
+      batch = shard_tensor(Tensor(np.stack(batch, axis=0).transpose(0,3,1,2), device="CPU").realize())
+      batch = batch.cast(dtypes.float) / 255
+      batch = (batch - model.mean) / model.std
+      batch = jit_clip(shard_tensor(batch_tokens), batch)
+      return batch
+
+    callbacks = (embed_tokens, generate_latents, decode_latents, generate_inception, calc_clip_scores)
+
+    # save every forward pass output to disk; NOTE: this needs ~100 GB disk space because 30k images are large
+    def stage_progress(stage_idx:int) -> int: return progress["end"].to("CPU")[stage_idx].item()
+    if stage_progress(0) < len(eval_inputs):
+      tokens = []
+      for i in tqdm(range(0, len(eval_inputs), CONTEXT_BS)):
+        subset = [cond_stage.tokenize(row["caption"], device="CPU") for row in eval_inputs[i: i+CONTEXT_BS]]
+        tokens.append(Tensor.cat(*subset, dim=0).realize())
+      progress["tokens"].assign(Tensor.cat(*tokens, dim=0).realize()).realize()
+      progress["end"][0:1].assign(Tensor([len(eval_inputs)], dtype=dtypes.int)).realize()
+    prev_stage = "tokens"
+    tokens = progress["tokens"]
+
+    # wrapper code for every model
+    for stage_idx, model, jit, bs, callback in zip(range(1,6), models, jits, all_bs, callbacks):
+      stage = stages[stage_idx]
+      if stage_progress(stage_idx) >= len(eval_inputs):
+        prev_stage = stage
+        continue # use cache
+      t0 = time.perf_counter()
+      print(f"starting eval with model: {model}")
+      if stage_idx == 1: inputs = tokens
+      elif stage_idx == 5: inputs = progress["imgs"]
+      else: inputs = progress[prev_stage]
+
+      Tensor.realize(*[p.to_(GPUS) for p in get_parameters(model)])
+      for batch_idx in tqdm(range(stage_progress(stage_idx), inputs.shape[0], bs)):
+        t1 = time.perf_counter()
+        batch, unpadded_bs = get_batch(inputs, batch_idx, bs)
+        if isinstance(model, OpenClipEncoder): batch = callback(batch, get_batch(tokens, batch_idx, bs)[0].realize())
+        else: batch = callback(batch)
+        # to(GPUS[0]) is necessary for this to work, without that the result is still on GPUS, probably due to a bug
+        batch = batch.to(GPUS[0]).to("CPU")[0:unpadded_bs].realize()
+        progress[stage][batch_idx: batch_idx + bs].assign(batch).realize()
+        # keep track of what our last output was, so we can resume from there if we crash in this loop
+        progress["end"][stage_idx: stage_idx + 1].assign(Tensor([batch_idx + bs], dtype=dtypes.int)).realize()
+        print(f"model: {model}, batch_idx: {batch_idx}, elapsed: {(time.perf_counter() - t1):.2f}")
+      del batch
+        
+      jit.reset()
+      Tensor.realize(*[p.to_("CPU") for p in get_parameters(model)])
+      print(f"done with model: {model}, elapsed: {(time.perf_counter() - t0):.2f}")
+      prev_stage = stage
+
+    inception_stats_fn = str(DATADIR / "coco2014" / "val2014_30k_stats.npz")
+    fid_score = inception.compute_score(progress["inception"].to("CPU"), inception_stats_fn)
+    clip_score = progress["clip"].to(GPUS[0]).mean().item()
+    for name in disk_tensor_names:
+      Path(f"{EVAL_CKPT_DIR}/{name}.bytes").unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    
+    if EVAL_SAMPLES and BEAM:
+      print("BEAM COMPLETE", flush=True) # allows wrapper script to detect BEAM search completion and retry if it failed
+      sys.exit() # Don't eval additional models; we don't care about clip/fid scores when running BEAM on eval sample subset
+
+    return clip_score, fid_score
+
+  # evaluate checkpoints in reverse chronological order
+  for ckpt_iteration, p in sorted(eval_queue, reverse=True):
+    unet_ckpt = safe_load(p)
+    load_state_dict(unet, unet_ckpt)
+    clip_score, fid_score = eval_unet(eval_inputs, unet, model.cond_stage_model, model.first_stage_model, inception, clip_encoder)
+    converged = True if clip_score >= 0.15 and fid_score <= 90 else False
+    print(f"eval results for {EVAL_CKPT_DIR}/{p.name}: clip={clip_score}, fid={fid_score}, converged={converged}")
+    if WANDB:
+      wandb.log({"eval/ckpt_iteration": ckpt_iteration, "eval/clip_score": clip_score, "eval/fid_score": fid_score})
+    if converged and STOP_IF_CONVERGED:
+      print(f"Convergence detected, exiting early before evaluating other checkpoints due to STOP_IF_CONVERGED={STOP_IF_CONVERGED}")
+      sys.exit()
+
+  # for testing
+  return clip_score, fid_score, ckpt_iteration
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
  # inference only
  Tensor.training = False
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import multiprocessing

 from tinygrad import Device, GlobalCounters, Tensor, TinyJit, dtypes
-from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, BEAM, WINO, round_up, diskcache_clear, FUSE_CONV_BW, Profiling
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, BEAM, WINO, round_up, diskcache_clear, Profiling
 from tinygrad.nn.state import get_parameters, get_state_dict, load_state_dict, safe_load, safe_save
 from tinygrad.nn.optim import LAMB, LARS, SGD, OptimizerGroup, Adam, AdamW

@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ def train_unet3d():
  ```BASEDIR=<folder_path> ./examples/mlperf/scripts/setup_kits19_dataset.sh```

  2) To start training the model, run the following:
-  ```time PYTHONPATH=. WANDB=1 TRAIN_BEAM=3 FUSE_CONV_BW=1 GPUS=6 BS=6 MODEL=unet3d python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py```
+  ```time PYTHONPATH=. WANDB=1 TRAIN_BEAM=3 GPUS=6 BS=6 MODEL=unet3d python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py```
  """
  from examples.mlperf.losses import dice_ce_loss
  from examples.mlperf.metrics import dice_score
@@ -749,7 +749,6 @@ def train_unet3d():
    "train_beam": TRAIN_BEAM,
    "eval_beam": EVAL_BEAM,
    "wino": WINO.value,
-    "fuse_conv_bw": FUSE_CONV_BW.value,
    "gpus": GPUS,
    "default_float": dtypes.default_float.name
  }
@@ -1189,7 +1188,9 @@ def train_bert():
      if MLLOGGER and RUNMLPERF:
        MLLOGGER.start(key=mllog_constants.EVAL_START, value=None, metadata={"epoch_num": i*GBS, "step_num": i})
      if getenv("RESET_STEP"): train_step_bert.reset()
-      elif getenv("FREE_INTERMEDIATE", 1) and train_step_bert.captured is not None: train_step_bert.captured.free_intermediates()
+      elif getenv("FREE_INTERMEDIATE", 0) and train_step_bert.captured is not None:
+        # TODO: FREE_INTERMEDIATE nan'ed after jit step 2
+        train_step_bert.captured.free_intermediates()
      eval_lm_losses = []
      eval_clsf_losses = []
      eval_lm_accs = []
@@ -1223,7 +1224,7 @@ def train_bert():
          return

      if getenv("RESET_STEP"): eval_step_bert.reset()
-      elif getenv("FREE_INTERMEDIATE", 1) and eval_step_bert.captured is not None: eval_step_bert.captured.free_intermediates()
+      elif getenv("FREE_INTERMEDIATE", 0) and eval_step_bert.captured is not None: eval_step_bert.captured.free_intermediates()

      del eval_data
      avg_lm_loss = sum(eval_lm_losses) / len(eval_lm_losses)
@@ -1309,7 +1310,7 @@ def train_llama3():
  EVAL_BS            = config["EVAL_BS"]                = getenv("EVAL_BS", 16)
  EVAL_TARGET        = config["EVAL_TARGET"]            = getenv("EVAL_TARGET", 5.6)

-  # LR=1e-4 TRAIN_ON_VAL=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=bfloat16 FUSE_ARANGE=1 JITBEAM=2 OPTIM_DTYPE=bfloat16 LLAMA3_SIZE=1B WARMUP_STEPS=36 DECAY_STEPS=360 SEQLEN=512 PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 AMD_LLVM=0 MODEL=llama3 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
+  # LR=1e-4 TRAIN_ON_VAL=1 DEFAULT_FLOAT=bfloat16 JITBEAM=2 OPTIM_DTYPE=bfloat16 LLAMA3_SIZE=1B WARMUP_STEPS=36 DECAY_STEPS=360 SEQLEN=512 PYTHONPATH=. AMD=1 AMD_LLVM=0 MODEL=llama3 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
  # trains to 7

  opt_adamw_beta_1 = 0.9
@@ -1493,6 +1494,144 @@ def train_llama3():
          safe_save(get_state_dict(model), fn)
        break

+def train_stable_diffusion():
+  from extra.models.unet import UNetModel
+  from examples.mlperf.dataloader import batch_load_train_stable_diffusion
+  from examples.mlperf.lr_schedulers import LambdaLR, LambdaLinearScheduler
+  from examples.mlperf.initializers import init_stable_diffusion
+  from examples.mlperf.helpers import get_training_state
+  import numpy as np
+
+  config = {}
+  GPUS               = config["GPUS"]                   = [f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}" for i in range(getenv("GPUS", 1))]
+  seed               = config["seed"]                   = getenv("SEED", 12345)
+  # ** hyperparameters **
+  BS                 = config["BS"]                     = getenv("BS", 1 * len(GPUS))
+  BASE_LR            = config["LEARNING_RATE"]          = getenv("LEARNING_RATE", 2.5e-7)
+  # https://github.com/mlcommons/training_policies/blob/cfa99da479b8d5931f7a3c67612d021dfb47510a/training_rules.adoc#benchmark_specific_rules
+  # "Checkpoint must be collected every 512,000 images. CEIL(512000 / global_batch_size) if 512000 is not divisible by GBS."
+  # NOTE: It's inferred that "steps" is the unit for the output of the CEIL formula, based on all other cases of CEIL in the rules
+  CKPT_STEP_INTERVAL = config["CKPT_STEP_INTERVAL"]     = getenv("CKPT_STEP_INTERVAL", math.ceil(512_000 / BS))
+  CKPTDIR            = config["CKPTDIR"]                = Path(getenv("CKPTDIR", "./checkpoints"))
+  DATADIR            = config["DATADIR"]                = Path(getenv("DATADIR", "./datasets"))
+  UNET_CKPTDIR       = config["UNET_CKPTDIR"]           = Path(getenv("UNET_CKPTDIR", "./checkpoints"))
+  TOTAL_CKPTS        = config["TOTAL_CKPTS"]            = getenv("TOTAL_CKPTS", 0)
+
+  print(f"training on {GPUS}")
+  lr = BS * BASE_LR
+  print(f"BS={BS}, BASE_LR={BASE_LR}, lr={lr}")
+  print(f"CKPT_STEP_INTERVAL = {CKPT_STEP_INTERVAL}")
+  for x in GPUS: Device[x]
+  if (WANDB := getenv("WANDB", "")):
+    import wandb
+    wandb.init(config=config, project="MLPerf-Stable-Diffusion")
+
+  Tensor.manual_seed(seed)  # seed for weight initialization
+  model, unet, sqrt_alphas_cumprod, sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod = init_stable_diffusion("v2-mlperf-train", CKPTDIR / "sd" / "512-base-ema.ckpt", GPUS)
+
+  optimizer = AdamW(get_parameters(unet))
+  lambda_lr_callback = LambdaLinearScheduler(1000, 1.0, 1.0, 1e-06, 10000000000000).schedule
+  lr_scheduler = LambdaLR(optimizer, Tensor(lr, dtype=dtypes.float, device=optimizer.device), lambda_lr_callback)
+
+  @TinyJit
+  def train_step(mean:Tensor, logvar:Tensor, tokens:Tensor, unet:UNetModel, optimizer:LAMB, lr_scheduler:LambdaLR) -> Tensor:
+    optimizer.zero_grad()
+
+    timestep = Tensor.randint(BS, low=0, high=model.alphas_cumprod.shape[0], dtype=dtypes.int, device=GPUS[0])
+    latent_randn = Tensor.randn(*mean.shape, device=GPUS[0])
+    noise = Tensor.randn(*mean.shape, device=GPUS[0])
+    for t in (mean, logvar, tokens, timestep, latent_randn, noise):
+      t.shard_(GPUS, axis=0)
+
+    std = Tensor.exp(0.5 * logvar.clamp(-30.0, 20.0))
+    latent = (mean + std * latent_randn) * 0.18215
+
+    sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t = sqrt_alphas_cumprod[timestep].reshape(timestep.shape[0], 1, 1, 1)
+    sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t = sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod[timestep].reshape(timestep.shape[0], 1, 1, 1)
+    latent_with_noise = sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t * latent + sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t * noise
+    v_true = sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t * noise - sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t * latent
+
+    context = model.cond_stage_model.embed_tokens(tokens)
+
+    out = unet(latent_with_noise, timestep, context)
+    loss = ((out - v_true) ** 2).mean()
+    del mean, logvar, std, latent, noise, sqrt_alphas_cumprod_t, sqrt_one_minus_alphas_cumprod_t
+    del out, v_true, context, latent_randn, tokens, timestep
+    loss.backward()
+
+    optimizer.step()
+    lr_scheduler.step()
+    loss, out_lr = loss.detach().to("CPU"), optimizer.lr.to("CPU")
+    Tensor.realize(loss, out_lr)
+    return loss, out_lr
+    
+  # checkpointing takes ~9 minutes without this, and ~1 minute with this
+  @TinyJit
+  def ckpt_to_cpu():
+    ckpt = get_training_state(unet, optimizer, lr_scheduler)
+    # move to CPU first so more GPU bufs aren't created (can trigger OOM)
+    for k,v in ckpt.items(): ckpt[k] = v.detach().to("CPU")
+    Tensor.realize(*[v for v in ckpt.values()])
+    for k,v in ckpt.items(): ckpt[k] = v.cast(v.dtype.base).contiguous()
+    Tensor.realize(*[v for v in ckpt.values()])
+    return ckpt
+
+  # training loop
+  dl = batch_load_train_stable_diffusion(f'{DATADIR}/laion-400m/webdataset-moments-filtered/{{00000..00831}}.tar', BS)
+  # for tests
+  saved_checkpoints = []
+
+  train_start_time = time.perf_counter()
+  t0 = t6 = time.perf_counter()
+  for i, batch in enumerate(dl, start=1):
+    loop_time = time.perf_counter() - t0
+    t0 = time.perf_counter()
+    dl_time = t0 - t6
+    GlobalCounters.reset()
+
+    mean, logvar = np.split(np.concatenate(batch["npy"], axis=0), 2, axis=1)
+    mean, logvar = Tensor(mean, dtype=dtypes.float32, device="CPU"), Tensor(logvar, dtype=dtypes.float32, device="CPU")
+    tokens = []
+    for text in batch['txt']: tokens += model.cond_stage_model.tokenizer.encode(text, pad_with_zeros=True)
+    tokens = Tensor(tokens, dtype=dtypes.int32, device="CPU").reshape(-1, 77)
+
+    t1 = time.perf_counter()
+    loss, lr = train_step(mean, logvar, tokens, unet, optimizer, lr_scheduler)
+    loss_item, lr_item = loss.item(), lr.item()
+    t2 = time.perf_counter()
+
+    if i == 3:
+      for _ in range(3): ckpt_to_cpu() # do this at the beginning of run to prevent OOM surprises when checkpointing
+      print("BEAM COMPLETE", flush=True) # allows wrapper script to detect BEAM search completion and retry if it failed
+      
+    total_train_time = time.perf_counter() - train_start_time
+    if WANDB:
+      wandb.log({"train/loss": loss_item, "train/lr": lr_item, "train/loop_time_prev": loop_time, "train/dl_time": dl_time, "train/step": i,
+                    "train/GFLOPS": GlobalCounters.global_ops * 1e-9 / (t2-t1), "train/input_prep_time": t1-t0,
+                    "train/train_step_time": t2-t1, "train/total_time": total_train_time})
+
+      if i == 1 and wandb.run is not None:
+        with open(f"{UNET_CKPTDIR}/wandb_run_id_{wandb.run.id}", "w") as f:
+          f.write(f"wandb.run.id = {wandb.run.id}")
+
+    if i % CKPT_STEP_INTERVAL == 0:
+      # https://github.com/mlcommons/training_policies/blob/cfa99da479b8d5931f7a3c67612d021dfb47510a/training_rules.adoc#benchmark_specific_rules
+      # "evaluation is done offline, the time is not counted towards the submission time."
+      fn = f"{UNET_CKPTDIR}/{i}.safetensors"
+      print(f"saving unet checkpoint at {fn}")
+      saved_checkpoints.append(fn)
+      safe_save({k.replace("model.", ""):v for k,v in ckpt_to_cpu().items() if k.startswith("model.")}, fn)
+      if TOTAL_CKPTS and i == TOTAL_CKPTS * CKPT_STEP_INTERVAL:
+        print(f"ending run after {i} steps ({TOTAL_CKPTS} checkpoints collected)")
+        return saved_checkpoints
+
+    t3 = time.perf_counter()
+    print(f"""step {i}: {GlobalCounters.global_ops * 1e-9 / (t2-t1):9.2f} GFLOPS, mem_used: {GlobalCounters.mem_used / 1e9:.2f} GB,
+  loop_time_prev: {loop_time:.2f}, dl_time: {dl_time:.2f}, input_prep_time: {t1-t0:.2f}, train_step_time: {t2-t1:.2f},
+  t3-t2: {t3-t2:.4f}, loss:{loss_item:.5f}, lr:{lr_item:.3e}, total_train_time:{total_train_time:.2f}
+  """)
+    t6 = time.perf_counter()
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
  multiprocessing.set_start_method('spawn')

@@ -1501,7 +1640,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
  else: bench_log_manager = contextlib.nullcontext()

  with Tensor.train():
-    for m in getenv("MODEL", "resnet,retinanet,unet3d,rnnt,bert,maskrcnn").split(","):
+    for m in getenv("MODEL", "resnet,retinanet,unet3d,rnnt,bert,maskrcnn,stable_diffusion").split(","):
      nm = f"train_{m}"
      if nm in globals():
        print(f"training {m}")
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# adapted from https://github.com/mlcommons/training/blob/4bdf5c8ed218ad76565a2ba1ac27c919ccc6d689/stable_diffusion/README.md
+
+# setup dirs
+
+DATA=/raid/datasets/stable_diffusion
+
+LAION=$DATA/laion-400m/webdataset-moments-filtered 
+COCO=$DATA/coco2014
+mkdir -p $LAION $COCO
+
+CKPT=/raid/weights/stable_diffusion
+mkdir -p $CKPT/clip $CKPT/sd $CKPT/inception
+
+# download data
+
+# if rclone isn't installed system-wide / in your PATH, put the executable path in quotes below
+#RCLONE=""
+RCLONE="rclone"
+
+## VAE-encoded image latents, from 6.1M image subset of laion-400m
+## about 1 TB for whole download
+$RCLONE config create mlc-training s3 provider=Cloudflare access_key_id=76ea42eadb867e854061a1806220ee1e secret_access_key=a53625c4d45e3ca8ac0df8a353ea3a41ffc3292aa25259addd8b7dc5a6ce2936 endpoint=c2686074cb2caf5cbaf6d134bdba8b47.r2.cloudflarestorage.com
+$RCLONE copy mlc-training:mlcommons-training-wg-public/stable_diffusion/datasets/laion-400m/moments-webdataset-filtered/ ${LAION} --include="*.tar" -P
+$RCLONE copy mlc-training:mlcommons-training-wg-public/stable_diffusion/datasets/laion-400m/moments-webdataset-filtered/sha512sums.txt ${LAION} -P
+cd $LAION && grep -E '\.tar$' sha512sums.txt | sha512sum -c --quiet - && \
+  echo "All .tar files verified" || { echo "Checksum failure when validating downloaded Laion moments"; exit 1; }
+
+## prompts and FID statistics from 30k image subset of coco2014
+## 33 MB
+$RCLONE config create mlc-training s3 provider=Cloudflare access_key_id=76ea42eadb867e854061a1806220ee1e secret_access_key=a53625c4d45e3ca8ac0df8a353ea3a41ffc3292aa25259addd8b7dc5a6ce2936 endpoint=c2686074cb2caf5cbaf6d134bdba8b47.r2.cloudflarestorage.com
+$RCLONE copy mlc-training:mlcommons-training-wg-public/stable_diffusion/datasets/coco2014/val2014_30k.tsv ${COCO} -P
+
+$RCLONE config create mlc-training s3 provider=Cloudflare access_key_id=76ea42eadb867e854061a1806220ee1e secret_access_key=a53625c4d45e3ca8ac0df8a353ea3a41ffc3292aa25259addd8b7dc5a6ce2936 endpoint=c2686074cb2caf5cbaf6d134bdba8b47.r2.cloudflarestorage.com
+$RCLONE copy mlc-training:mlcommons-training-wg-public/stable_diffusion/datasets/coco2014/val2014_30k_stats.npz ${COCO} -P
+
+# download checkpoints
+
+## clip (needed for text and vision encoders for validation)
+CLIP_WEIGHTS_URL="https://huggingface.co/laion/CLIP-ViT-H-14-laion2B-s32B-b79K/resolve/main/open_clip_pytorch_model.bin"
+CLIP_WEIGHTS_SHA256="9a78ef8e8c73fd0df621682e7a8e8eb36c6916cb3c16b291a082ecd52ab79cc4"
+CLIP_CONFIG_URL="https://huggingface.co/laion/CLIP-ViT-H-14-laion2B-s32B-b79K/raw/main/open_clip_config.json"
+wget -N -P ${CKPT}/clip ${CLIP_WEIGHTS_URL}
+wget -N -P ${CKPT}/clip ${CLIP_CONFIG_URL}
+echo "${CLIP_WEIGHTS_SHA256}  ${CKPT}/clip/open_clip_pytorch_model.bin"                    | sha256sum -c
+
+## sd (needed for latent->image decoder for validation, also has clip text encoder for training)
+SD_WEIGHTS_URL='https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-base/resolve/main/512-base-ema.ckpt'
+SD_WEIGHTS_SHA256="d635794c1fedfdfa261e065370bea59c651fc9bfa65dc6d67ad29e11869a1824"
+wget -N -P ${CKPT}/sd ${SD_WEIGHTS_URL}
+echo "${SD_WEIGHTS_SHA256}  ${CKPT}/sd/512-base-ema.ckpt"                    | sha256sum -c
+
+## inception (needed for validation)
+FID_WEIGHTS_URL='https://github.com/mseitzer/pytorch-fid/releases/download/fid_weights/pt_inception-2015-12-05-6726825d.pth'
+FID_WEIGHTS_SHA1="bd836944fd6db519dfd8d924aa457f5b3c8357ff"
+wget -N -P ${CKPT}/inception ${FID_WEIGHTS_URL}
+echo "${FID_WEIGHTS_SHA1}  ${CKPT}/inception/pt_inception-2015-12-05-6726825d.pth"                    | sha1sum -c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+DATETIME=${2:-$(date "+%m%d%H%M")}
+LOGFILE="${HOME}/logs/sd_mi300x_${DATETIME}.log"
+# UNET_CKPTDIR must be set: training saves checkpoints to this path, then a separate eval process scans this path to know which checkpoints to eval
+export UNET_CKPTDIR="${HOME}/stable_diffusion/training_checkpoints/${DATETIME}"
+mkdir -p "${HOME}/logs" "$UNET_CKPTDIR"
+
+# run this script in isolation when using the --bg flag
+if [[ "${1:-}" == "--bg" ]]; then
+  echo "logging output to $LOGFILE"
+  echo "saving UNet checkpoints to $UNET_CKPTDIR"
+  script_path="$(readlink -f "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
+  nohup bash "$script_path" run "$DATETIME" >"$LOGFILE" 2>&1 & disown $!
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# venv management
+if [[ -d .venv-sd-mlperf ]]; then
+  . .venv-sd-mlperf/bin/activate
+else
+  python3 -m venv .venv-sd-mlperf && . .venv-sd-mlperf/bin/activate
+  pip install --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu torch && pip install tqdm numpy ftfy regex pillow scipy wandb webdataset
+fi
+pip list
+apt list --installed | grep amdgpu
+rocm-smi --version
+modinfo amdgpu | grep version
+
+export BEAM=2 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=8000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 HCQDEV_WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS=300000
+export AMD_LLVM=0 # bf16 seems to require this
+export DATADIR="/raid/datasets/stable_diffusion"
+export CKPTDIR="/raid/weights/stable_diffusion"
+export EVAL_CKPT_DIR=$UNET_CKPTDIR
+export MODEL="stable_diffusion" PYTHONPATH="."
+export GPUS=8 BS=304
+export CONTEXT_BS=816 DENOISE_BS=600 DECODE_BS=384 INCEPTION_BS=560 CLIP_BS=240
+export WANDB=1
+export PARALLEL=4
+export PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+sudo rocm-smi -d 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 --setperfdeterminism 1500 || exit 1
+
+# Retry BEAM search if script fails before BEAM COMPLETE is printed, but don't retry after that
+run_retry(){ local try=0 max=5 code tmp py pgid kids
+  while :; do
+    tmp=$(mktemp)
+    setsid bash -c 'exec env "$@"' _ "$@" > >(tee -a "$LOGFILE" | tee "$tmp") 2>&1 &
+    py=$!; pgid=$(ps -o pgid= -p "$py" | tr -d ' ')
+    wait "$py"; code=$?
+    [[ -n "$pgid" ]] && { kill -TERM -"$pgid" 2>/dev/null; sleep 1; kill -KILL -"$pgid" 2>/dev/null; }
+    kids=$(pgrep -P "$py" || true)
+    while [[ -n "$kids" ]]; do
+      kill -TERM $kids 2>/dev/null; sleep 0.5
+      kids=$(for k in $kids; do pgrep -P "$k" || true; done)
+    done
+    grep -q 'BEAM COMPLETE' "$tmp" && { rm -f "$tmp"; return 1; }
+    rm -f "$tmp"
+    ((code==0)) && return 0
+    ((try>=max)) && return 2
+    ((try++)); sleep 90; echo "try = ${try}"
+  done
+}
+
+# Power limiting to 400W is only needed if GPUs fall out of sync (causing 2.2x increased train time) at higher power, which has been observed at 450W
+sudo rocm-smi -d 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 --setpoweroverdrive 750 && \
+run_retry TOTAL_CKPTS=7 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py; (( $? == 2 )) && { echo "training failed before BEAM completion"; exit 2; }
+sleep 90
+
+run_retry EVAL_SAMPLES=600 python3 examples/mlperf/model_eval.py; (( $? == 2 )) && { echo "eval failed before BEAM completion"; exit 2; }
+# Checkpoints will be evaluated in reverse chronological order, even if above training crashed early
+# STOP_IF_CONVERGED=1: Stop the eval after the first time convergence is detected; no more checkpoints will be evaluated after that.
+STOP_IF_CONVERGED=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_eval.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=1 BS=128 EVAL_BS=128
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+
+export BEAM=3 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=4000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+# export BEAM_LOG_SURPASS_MAX=1
+# export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+export RESET_STEP=1
+export BENCHMARK=10 BERT_LAYERS=2 DEBUG=2
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# 1. Problem
+
+This problem uses BERT for NLP.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Install tinygrad and mlperf-logging (uncomment mlperf from setup.py) from branch mlperf_training_v5.0.
+```
+git clone https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad.git
+python3 -m pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+```
+Also install gdown (for dataset), numpy, tqdm and tensorflow.
+```
+pip install gdown numpy tqdm tensorflow
+```
+
+### tinybox_green
+Install the p2p driver per [README](https://github.com/tinygrad/open-gpu-kernel-modules/blob/550.54.15-p2p/README.md)
+This is the default on production tinybox green.
+
+# 2. Directions
+
+## Steps to download and verify data
+
+### 1. Download raw data
+
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" WIKI_TRAIN=1 VERIFY_CHECKSUM=1 python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia_download.py
+```
+
+### 2. Preprocess train and validation data
+
+Note: The number of threads used for preprocessing is limited by available memory. With 128GB of RAM, a maximum of 16 threads is recommended. 
+
+#### Training:
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" NUM_WORKERS=16 python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-train all
+```
+
+Generating a specific topic (Between 0 and 499)
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-train 42
+```
+
+#### Validation:
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-eval
+```
+## Running
+
+### tinybox_green
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_green/run_and_time.sh
+```
+
+### tinybox_red
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_red/run_and_time.sh
+```
+### tinybox_8xMI300X
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_8xMI300X/run_and_time.sh
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=8 BS=1024 EVAL_BS=1024
+export OPT_BASE_LEARNING_RATE=0.0011 OPT_LAMB_BETA_1=0.60466 OPT_LAMB_BETA_2=0.85437 DECAY=0.1
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=3 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=6000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 FREE_INTERMEDIATE=0
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+export BENCHMARK=10 BERT_LAYERS=2
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=8 BS=1024 EVAL_BS=1024
+
+# similar to https://github.com/mlcommons/training_results_v3.1/blob/d06288b2bd675a9d88e0e6181f5bb5626b71ec19/Quanta_Cloud_Technology/results/D54U-3U/bert/result_1.txt#L54
+export OPT_BASE_LEARNING_RATE=0.0011 OPT_LAMB_BETA_1=0.60466 OPT_LAMB_BETA_2=0.85437 DECAY=0.1
+export TRAIN_STEPS=3900
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=3 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=6000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 FREE_INTERMEDIATE=0
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+export WANDB=1 PARALLEL=0
+
+RUNMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  # Exit on any error
+set -o pipefail  # Make pipeline fail if any command fails
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export SUBMISSION_PLATFORM="tinybox_8xMI300X"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=8 BS=1024 EVAL_BS=1024
+
+# similar to https://github.com/mlcommons/training_results_v3.1/blob/d06288b2bd675a9d88e0e6181f5bb5626b71ec19/Quanta_Cloud_Technology/results/D54U-3U/bert/result_1.txt#L54
+export OPT_BASE_LEARNING_RATE=0.0011 OPT_LAMB_BETA_1=0.60466 OPT_LAMB_BETA_2=0.85437 DECAY=0.1
+export TRAIN_STEPS=3900
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=3 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=6000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 FREE_INTERMEDIATE=0
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+# pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+export LOGMLPERF=1
+
+export SEED=$RANDOM
+DATETIME=$(date "+%m%d%H%M")
+LOGFILE="bert_8xMI300x_${DATETIME}_${SEED}.log"
+
+BENCHMARK=10 INITMLPERF=1 BERT_LAYERS=2 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee $LOGFILE
+
+# run
+PARALLEL=0 RUNMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee -a $LOGFILE
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# 1. Problem
+
+This problem uses BERT for NLP.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Install tinygrad and mlperf-logging (uncomment mlperf from setup.py) from branch mlperf_training_v5.0.
+```
+git clone https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad.git
+python3 -m pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+```
+Also install gdown (for dataset), numpy, tqdm and tensorflow.
+```
+pip install gdown numpy tqdm tensorflow
+```
+
+### tinybox_green
+Install the p2p driver per [README](https://github.com/tinygrad/open-gpu-kernel-modules/blob/550.54.15-p2p/README.md)
+This is the default on production tinybox green.
+
+# 2. Directions
+
+## Steps to download and verify data
+
+### 1. Download raw data
+
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" WIKI_TRAIN=1 VERIFY_CHECKSUM=1 python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia_download.py
+```
+
+### 2. Preprocess train and validation data
+
+Note: The number of threads used for preprocessing is limited by available memory. With 128GB of RAM, a maximum of 16 threads is recommended. 
+
+#### Training:
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" NUM_WORKERS=16 python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-train all
+```
+
+Generating a specific topic (Between 0 and 499)
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-train 42
+```
+
+#### Validation:
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-eval
+```
+## Running
+
+### tinybox_green
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_green/run_and_time.sh
+```
+
+### tinybox_red
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_red/run_and_time.sh
+```
+### tinybox_8xMI300X
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_8xMI300X/run_and_time.sh
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" SUM_DTYPE="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=8 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=10000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+export BEAM_LOG_SURPASS_MAX=1
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+export BENCHMARK=10 BERT_LAYERS=2 DEBUG=2
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" SUM_DTYPE="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=8 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=10000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+export WANDB=1 PARALLEL=0
+
+RUNMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  # Exit on any error
+set -o pipefail  # Make pipeline fail if any command fails
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export SUBMISSION_PLATFORM="tinybox_green"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" SUM_DTYPE="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=8 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=10000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+# pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+export LOGMLPERF=1
+
+export SEED=$RANDOM
+DATETIME=$(date "+%m%d%H%M")
+LOGFILE="bert_green_${DATETIME}_${SEED}.log"
+
+# init
+BENCHMARK=10 INITMLPERF=1 BERT_LAYERS=2 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee $LOGFILE
+
+# run
+PARALLEL=0 RUNMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee -a $LOGFILE
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# 1. Problem
+
+This problem uses BERT for NLP.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Install tinygrad and mlperf-logging (uncomment mlperf from setup.py) from branch mlperf_training_v5.0.
+```
+git clone https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad.git
+python3 -m pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+```
+Also install gdown (for dataset), numpy, tqdm and tensorflow.
+```
+pip install gdown numpy tqdm tensorflow
+```
+
+### tinybox_green
+Install the p2p driver per [README](https://github.com/tinygrad/open-gpu-kernel-modules/blob/550.54.15-p2p/README.md)
+This is the default on production tinybox green.
+
+# 2. Directions
+
+## Steps to download and verify data
+
+### 1. Download raw data
+
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" WIKI_TRAIN=1 VERIFY_CHECKSUM=1 python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia_download.py
+```
+
+### 2. Preprocess train and validation data
+
+Note: The number of threads used for preprocessing is limited by available memory. With 128GB of RAM, a maximum of 16 threads is recommended. 
+
+#### Training:
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" NUM_WORKERS=16 python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-train all
+```
+
+Generating a specific topic (Between 0 and 499)
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-train 42
+```
+
+#### Validation:
+```
+BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki" python3 extra/datasets/wikipedia.py pre-eval
+```
+## Running
+
+### tinybox_green
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_green/run_and_time.sh
+```
+
+### tinybox_red
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_red/run_and_time.sh
+```
+### tinybox_8xMI300X
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/bert/implementations/tinybox_8xMI300X/run_and_time.sh
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" SUM_DTYPE="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=5 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=8000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+export BEAM_LOG_SURPASS_MAX=1
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+export RESET_STEP=1
+export BENCHMARK=10 BERT_LAYERS=2 DEBUG=2
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" SUM_DTYPE="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=5 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=8000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+export WANDB=1 PARALLEL=0
+
+RUNMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  # Exit on any error
+set -o pipefail  # Make pipeline fail if any command fails
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="bert"
+export SUBMISSION_PLATFORM="tinybox_red"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" SUM_DTYPE="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+
+export IGNORE_OOB=1
+export REWRITE_STACK_LIMIT=500000
+
+export BEAM=5 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=8000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=256 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/wiki"
+
+# pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+export LOGMLPERF=${LOGMLPERF:-1}
+
+export SEED=$RANDOM
+DATETIME=$(date "+%m%d%H%M")
+LOGFILE="bert_red_${DATETIME}_${SEED}.log"
+
+export HCQDEV_WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS=100000  # prevents hang?
+
+# init
+sleep 5 && sudo rmmod amdgpu || true
+BENCHMARK=10 INITMLPERF=1 BERT_LAYERS=2 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee $LOGFILE
+
+# run
+PARALLEL=0 RUNMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee -a $LOGFILE
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# 1. Problem
+
+This problem uses the ResNet-50 CNN to do image classification.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Install tinygrad and mlperf-logging from master.
+```
+git clone https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad.git
+python3 -m pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+```
+
+### tinybox_green
+Install the p2p driver per [README](https://github.com/tinygrad/open-gpu-kernel-modules/blob/550.54.15-p2p/README.md)
+This is the default on production tinybox green.
+
+### tinybox_red
+Disable cwsr
+This is the default on production tinybox red.
+```
+sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/amdgpu.conf
+cat <<EOF > /etc/modprobe.d/amdgpu.conf
+options amdgpu cwsr_enable=0
+EOF
+sudo update-initramfs -u
+sudo reboot
+
+# validate
+sudo cat /sys/module/amdgpu/parameters/cwsr_enable #= 0
+```
+
+# 2. Directions
+
+## Steps to download and verify data
+
+```
+IMGNET_TRAIN=1 python3 extra/datasets/imagenet_download.py
+```
+
+## Steps for one time setup
+
+### tinybox_red
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v4.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/resnet/implementations/tinybox_red/setup.sh
+```
+
+## Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v4.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/resnet/implementations/tinybox_red/run_and_time.sh
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="resnet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=1536 EVAL_BS=192
+
+export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=4 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=10 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export BENCHMARK=10 DEBUG=2
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="resnet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=1536 EVAL_BS=192
+
+export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=4 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=10 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export EVAL_START_EPOCH=3 EVAL_FREQ=4
+
+export WANDB=1 PARALLEL=0
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  # Exit on any error
+set -o pipefail  # Make pipeline fail if any command fails
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="resnet"
+export SUBMISSION_PLATFORM="tinybox_green"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=1536 EVAL_BS=192
+
+export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=4 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=10 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+# pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+export LOGMLPERF=${LOGMLPERF:-1}
+
+export SEED=$RANDOM
+DATETIME=$(date "+%m%d%H%M")
+LOGFILE="resnet_green_${DATETIME}_${SEED}.log"
+
+# init
+BENCHMARK=10 INITMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee $LOGFILE
+
+# run
+PARALLEL=0 RUNMLPERF=1 EVAL_START_EPOCH=3 EVAL_FREQ=4 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee -a $LOGFILE
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# 1. Problem
+
+This problem uses the ResNet-50 CNN to do image classification.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Install tinygrad and mlperf-logging from master.
+```
+git clone https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad.git
+python3 -m pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+```
+
+### tinybox_green
+Install the p2p driver per [README](https://github.com/tinygrad/open-gpu-kernel-modules/blob/550.54.15-p2p/README.md)
+This is the default on production tinybox green.
+
+### tinybox_red
+Disable cwsr
+This is the default on production tinybox red.
+```
+sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/amdgpu.conf
+cat <<EOF > /etc/modprobe.d/amdgpu.conf
+options amdgpu cwsr_enable=0
+EOF
+sudo update-initramfs -u
+sudo reboot
+
+# validate
+sudo cat /sys/module/amdgpu/parameters/cwsr_enable #= 0
+```
+
+# 2. Directions
+
+## Steps to download and verify data
+
+```
+IMGNET_TRAIN=1 python3 extra/datasets/imagenet_download.py
+```
+
+## Steps for one time setup
+
+### tinybox_red
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v4.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/resnet/implementations/tinybox_red/setup.sh
+```
+
+## Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v4.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/resnet/implementations/tinybox_red/run_and_time.sh
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="resnet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=1536 EVAL_BS=192
+
+export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=4 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=2000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=96 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export BENCHMARK=10 DEBUG=${DEBUG:-2}
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="resnet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=1536 EVAL_BS=192
+
+export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=4 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=2000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=96 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export EVAL_START_EPOCH=3 EVAL_FREQ=4
+
+export WANDB=1 PARALLEL=0
+
+python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  # Exit on any error
+set -o pipefail  # Make pipeline fail if any command fails
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="resnet"
+export SUBMISSION_PLATFORM="tinybox_red"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=1536 EVAL_BS=192
+
+export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=4 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=2000 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=96 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+# pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+export LOGMLPERF=${LOGMLPERF:-1}
+
+export SEED=$RANDOM
+DATETIME=$(date "+%m%d%H%M")
+LOGFILE="resnet_red_${DATETIME}_${SEED}.log"
+
+# init
+sleep 5 && sudo rmmod amdgpu || true
+BENCHMARK=10 INITMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee $LOGFILE
+
+# run
+PARALLEL=0 RUNMLPERF=1 EVAL_START_EPOCH=3 EVAL_FREQ=4 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee -a $LOGFILE
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+rocm-smi --setprofile compute
+rocm-smi --setmclk 3
+rocm-smi --setperflevel high
+
+# power cap to 350W
+echo "350000000" | sudo tee /sys/class/drm/card{1..6}/device/hwmon/hwmon*/power1_cap
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# 1. Problem
+
+This problem uses RetinaNet for SSD.
+
+## Requirements
+
+Install tinygrad and mlperf-logging (uncomment mlperf from setup.py) from branch mlperf_training_v5.0.
+```
+git clone https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad.git
+python3 -m pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+```
+
+Also install the following dependencies:
+```
+pip install tqdm numpy pycocotools boto3 pandas torch torchvision
+```
+
+### tinybox_green
+Install the p2p driver per [README](https://github.com/tinygrad/open-gpu-kernel-modules/blob/550.54.15-p2p/README.md)
+This is the default on production tinybox green.
+
+# 2. Directions
+
+## Steps to download data
+
+Run the following:
+```
+BASEDIR=/raid/datasets/openimages python3 extra/datasets/openimages.py
+```
+
+## Running
+
+### tinybox_green
+
+#### Steps to run benchmark
+```
+examples/mlperf/training_submission_v5.0/tinycorp/benchmarks/retinanet/implementations/tinybox_green/run_and_time.sh
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="retinanet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/openimages"
+
+# export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=2 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export BENCHMARK=5 DEBUG=2
+
+python examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="retinanet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/openimages"
+
+# export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=2 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export WANDB=1 PARALLEL=0
+export RUNMLPERF=1
+
+python examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e  # Exit on any error
+set -o pipefail  # Make pipeline fail if any command fails
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." NV=1
+export MODEL="retinanet"
+export SUBMISSION_PLATFORM="tinybox_green"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=2 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+export IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/openimages"
+
+# pip install -e ".[mlperf]"
+export LOGMLPERF=1
+
+export SEED=$RANDOM
+DATETIME=$(date "+%m%d%H%M")
+LOGFILE="retinanet_green_${DATETIME}_${SEED}.log"
+
+# init
+BENCHMARK=10 INITMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee $LOGFILE
+
+# run
+PARALLEL=0 RUNMLPERF=1 python3 examples/mlperf/model_train.py | tee -a $LOGFILE
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="retinanet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/openimages"
+
+# export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=2 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export BENCHMARK=5 DEBUG=2
+
+python examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export PYTHONPATH="." AMD=1
+export MODEL="retinanet"
+export DEFAULT_FLOAT="HALF" GPUS=6 BS=96 EVAL_BS=96
+export BASEDIR="/raid/datasets/openimages"
+
+# export RESET_STEP=0
+
+export TRAIN_BEAM=2 IGNORE_JIT_FIRST_BEAM=1 BEAM_UOPS_MAX=1500 BEAM_UPCAST_MAX=64 BEAM_LOCAL_MAX=1024 BEAM_MIN_PROGRESS=5 BEAM_PADTO=0
+
+export WANDB=1 PARALLEL=0
+export RUNMLPERF=1
+
+python examples/mlperf/model_train.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+    "submitter": "tinycorp",
+    "division": "closed",
+    "status": "Available on-premise",
+    "system_name": "tinybox 8xMI300X",
+    "number_of_nodes": "1",
+    "host_processors_per_node": "2",
+    "host_processor_model_name": "AMD EPYC 9354",
+    "host_processor_core_count": "32",
+    "host_processor_vcpu_count": "64",
+    "host_processor_frequency": "",
+    "host_processor_caches": "",
+    "host_processor_interconnect": "",
+    "host_memory_capacity": "2304GB",
+    "host_storage_type": "NVMe SSD",
+    "host_storage_capacity": "3x 4TB raid array",
+    "host_networking": "",
+    "host_networking_topology": "",
+    "host_memory_configuration": "24x 96GB DDR5",
+    "accelerators_per_node": "8",
+    "accelerator_model_name": "AMD Instinct MI300X 192GB HBM3",
+    "accelerator_host_interconnect": "PCIe 5.0 x16",
+    "accelerator_frequency": "",
+    "accelerator_on-chip_memories": "",
+    "accelerator_memory_configuration": "HBM3",
+    "accelerator_memory_capacity": "192GB",
+    "accelerator_interconnect": "",
+    "accelerator_interconnect_topology": "",
+    "cooling": "air",
+    "hw_notes": "",
+    "framework": "tinygrad, branch mlperf_training_v5.0",
+    "other_software_stack": {
+        "python": "3.10.16",
+        "ROCm": "3.0.0+94441cb"
+    },
+    "operating_system": "Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS",
+    "sw_notes": ""
+  }
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "submitter": "tinycorp",
+  "division": "closed",
+  "status": "Available on-premise",
+  "system_name": "tinybox green",
+  "number_of_nodes": "1",
+  "host_processors_per_node": "1",
+  "host_processor_model_name": "AMD EPYC 7532",
+  "host_processor_core_count": "32",
+  "host_processor_vcpu_count": "64",
+  "host_processor_frequency": "",
+  "host_processor_caches": "",
+  "host_processor_interconnect": "",
+  "host_memory_capacity": "128GB",
+  "host_storage_type": "NVMe SSD",
+  "host_storage_capacity": "4 TB raid array + 1 TB boot",
+  "host_networking": "",
+  "host_networking_topology": "",
+  "host_memory_configuration": "8x 16GB DDR4",
+  "accelerators_per_node": "6",
+  "accelerator_model_name": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090",
+  "accelerator_host_interconnect": "PCIe 4.0 x16",
+  "accelerator_frequency": "",
+  "accelerator_on-chip_memories": "",
+  "accelerator_memory_configuration": "GDDR6X",
+  "accelerator_memory_capacity": "24GB",
+  "accelerator_interconnect": "",
+  "accelerator_interconnect_topology": "",
+  "cooling": "air",
+  "hw_notes": "",
+  "framework": "tinygrad, branch mlperf_training_v5.0",
+  "other_software_stack": {
+    "python": "3.10.12",
+    "CUDA": "12.4"
+  },
+  "operating_system": "Ubuntu 22.04.4",
+  "sw_notes": ""
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "submitter": "tinycorp",
+  "division": "closed",
+  "status": "Available on-premise",
+  "system_name": "tinybox red",
+  "number_of_nodes": "1",
+  "host_processors_per_node": "1",
+  "host_processor_model_name": "AMD EPYC 7532",
+  "host_processor_core_count": "32",
+  "host_processor_vcpu_count": "64",
+  "host_processor_frequency": "",
+  "host_processor_caches": "",
+  "host_processor_interconnect": "",
+  "host_memory_capacity": "128GB",
+  "host_storage_type": "NVMe SSD",
+  "host_storage_capacity": "4 TB raid array + 1 TB boot",
+  "host_networking": "",
+  "host_networking_topology": "",
+  "host_memory_configuration": "8x 16GB DDR4",
+  "accelerators_per_node": "6",
+  "accelerator_model_name": "AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX",
+  "accelerator_host_interconnect": "PCIe 4.0 x16",
+  "accelerator_frequency": "",
+  "accelerator_on-chip_memories": "",
+  "accelerator_memory_configuration": "GDDR6",
+  "accelerator_memory_capacity": "24GB",
+  "accelerator_interconnect": "",
+  "accelerator_interconnect_topology": "",
+  "cooling": "air",
+  "hw_notes": "",
+  "framework": "tinygrad, branch mlperf_training_v5.0",
+  "other_software_stack": {
+    "python": "3.10.12"
+  },
+  "operating_system": "Ubuntu 22.04.4",
+  "sw_notes": ""
+}
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
-import os, sys, pickle, time
+import os, sys, pickle, time, re
 import numpy as np
-if "FLOAT16" not in os.environ: os.environ["FLOAT16"] = "1"
-if "IMAGE" not in os.environ: os.environ["IMAGE"] = "2"
-if "NOLOCALS" not in os.environ: os.environ["NOLOCALS"] = "1"
 if "JIT_BATCH_SIZE" not in os.environ: os.environ["JIT_BATCH_SIZE"] = "0"

 from tinygrad import fetch, Tensor, TinyJit, Context, GlobalCounters, Device, dtypes
 from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner
-
-import onnx
-from tinygrad.frontend.onnx import OnnxRunner
+from tinygrad.nn.onnx import OnnxRunner

 OPENPILOT_MODEL = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.7/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx"
 OUTPUT = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "/tmp/openpilot.pkl"
@@ -21,11 +16,14 @@ def compile(onnx_file):

  input_shapes = {name: spec.shape for name, spec in run_onnx.graph_inputs.items()}
  input_types = {name: spec.dtype for name, spec in run_onnx.graph_inputs.items()}
+
  # Float inputs and outputs to tinyjits for openpilot are always float32
+  # TODO this seems dumb
  input_types = {k:(dtypes.float32 if v is dtypes.float16 else v) for k,v in input_types.items()}
  Tensor.manual_seed(100)
-  new_inputs = {k:Tensor.randn(*shp, dtype=input_types[k]).mul(8).realize() for k,shp in sorted(input_shapes.items())}
-  new_inputs_numpy = {k:v.numpy() for k,v in new_inputs.items()}
+  inputs = {k:Tensor(Tensor.randn(*shp, dtype=input_types[k]).mul(8).realize().numpy(), device='NPY') for k,shp in sorted(input_shapes.items())}
+  if not getenv("NPY_IMG"):
+    inputs = {k:Tensor(v.numpy(), device=Device.DEFAULT).realize() if 'img' in k else v for k,v in inputs.items()}
  print("created tensors")

  run_onnx_jit = TinyJit(lambda **kwargs:
@@ -33,8 +31,6 @@ def compile(onnx_file):
  for i in range(3):
    GlobalCounters.reset()
    print(f"run {i}")
-    inputs = {**{k:v.clone() for k,v in new_inputs.items() if 'img' in k},
-              **{k:Tensor(v, device="NPY").realize() for k,v in new_inputs_numpy.items() if 'img' not in k}}
    with Context(DEBUG=max(DEBUG.value, 2 if i == 2 else 1)):
      ret = run_onnx_jit(**inputs).numpy()
    # copy i == 1 so use of JITBEAM is okay
@@ -43,7 +39,7 @@ def compile(onnx_file):
  np.testing.assert_equal(test_val, ret, "JIT run failed")
  print("jit run validated")

-  # checks from compile2
+  # check gated read_image usage
  kernel_count = 0
  read_image_count = 0
  gated_read_image_count = 0
@@ -52,6 +48,8 @@ def compile(onnx_file):
      kernel_count += 1
      read_image_count += ei.prg.p.src.count("read_image")
      gated_read_image_count += ei.prg.p.src.count("?read_image")
+      for v in [m.group(1) for m in re.finditer(r'(val\d+)\s*=\s*read_imagef\(', ei.prg.p.src)]:
+        if len(re.findall(fr'[\?\:]{v}\.[xyzw]', ei.prg.p.src)) > 0: gated_read_image_count += 1
  print(f"{kernel_count=},  {read_image_count=}, {gated_read_image_count=}")
  if (allowed_kernel_count:=getenv("ALLOWED_KERNEL_COUNT", -1)) != -1:
    assert kernel_count == allowed_kernel_count, f"different kernels! {kernel_count=}, {allowed_kernel_count=}"
@@ -67,85 +65,77 @@ def compile(onnx_file):
  print(f"mdl size is {mdl_sz/1e6:.2f}M")
  print(f"pkl size is {pkl_sz/1e6:.2f}M")
  print("**** compile done ****")
-  return test_val
+  return inputs, test_val

-def test_vs_compile(run, new_inputs, test_val=None):
-  new_inputs_numpy = {k:v.numpy() for k,v in new_inputs.items()}
-
-  # create fake "from_blob" tensors for the inputs, and wrapped NPY tensors for the numpy inputs (these have the same underlying memory)
-  inputs = {**{k:v for k,v in new_inputs.items() if 'img' in k},
-            **{k:Tensor(v, device="NPY").realize() for k,v in new_inputs_numpy.items() if 'img' not in k}}
+def test_vs_compile(run, inputs, test_val=None):

  # run 20 times
+  step_times = []
  for _ in range(20):
    st = time.perf_counter()
    out = run(**inputs)
    mt = time.perf_counter()
    val = out.numpy()
    et = time.perf_counter()
-    print(f"enqueue {(mt-st)*1e3:6.2f} ms -- total run {(et-st)*1e3:6.2f} ms")
-  print(out, val.shape, val.dtype)
+    step_times.append((et-st)*1e3)
+    print(f"enqueue {(mt-st)*1e3:6.2f} ms -- total run {step_times[-1]:6.2f} ms")
+
+  if (assert_time:=getenv("ASSERT_MIN_STEP_TIME")):
+    min_time = min(step_times)
+    assert min_time < assert_time, f"Speed regression, expected min step time of < {assert_time} ms but took: {min_time} ms"
+
  if test_val is not None: np.testing.assert_equal(test_val, val)
  print("**** test done ****")

  # test that changing the numpy changes the model outputs
-  if any([x.device == 'NPY' for x in inputs.values()]):
-    for v in new_inputs_numpy.values(): v *= 2
-    out = run(**inputs)
-    changed_val = out.numpy()
-    np.testing.assert_raises(AssertionError, np.testing.assert_array_equal, val, changed_val)
+  inputs_2x = {k: Tensor(v.numpy()*2, device=v.device) for k,v in inputs.items()}
+  out = run(**inputs_2x)
+  changed_val = out.numpy()
+  np.testing.assert_raises(AssertionError, np.testing.assert_array_equal, val, changed_val)
  return val

-def test_vs_onnx(new_inputs, test_val, onnx_file, ort=False):
-  new_inputs_numpy = {k:v.numpy() for k,v in new_inputs.items()}
+def test_vs_onnx(new_inputs, test_val, onnx_file, tol):
+  import onnx
+  import onnxruntime as ort
+  
+  onnx_inputs = {k:v.numpy() for k,v in new_inputs.items()}
  onnx_model = onnx.load(onnx_file)

-  timings = []
-  if ort:
-    # test with onnxruntime
-    import onnxruntime as ort
-    onnx_session = ort.InferenceSession(onnx_file)
-    for _ in range(1 if test_val is not None else 5):
-      st = time.perf_counter()
-      onnx_output = onnx_session.run([onnx_model.graph.output[0].name], {k:v.astype(np.float16) for k,v in new_inputs_numpy.items()})
-      timings.append(time.perf_counter() - st)
-    new_torch_out = onnx_output[0]
-  else:
-    # test with torch
-    import torch
-    from onnx2torch import convert
-    inputs = {k.name:new_inputs_numpy[k.name] for k in onnx_model.graph.input}
-    torch_model = convert(onnx_model).float()
-    with torch.no_grad():
-      for _ in range(1 if test_val is not None else 5):
-        st = time.perf_counter()
-        torch_out = torch_model(*[torch.tensor(x) for x in inputs.values()])
-        timings.append(time.perf_counter() - st)
-      new_torch_out = torch_out.numpy()
+  ORT_TO_NP_DTYPES: dict[str, np.dtype] = {
+    'tensor(float)': np.dtype('float32'),
+    'tensor(float16)': np.dtype('float16'),
+    'tensor(uint8)': np.dtype('uint8'),
+  }

-  if test_val is not None:
-    np.testing.assert_allclose(new_torch_out.reshape(test_val.shape), test_val, atol=1e-4, rtol=1e-2)
-    print("test vs onnx passed")
+  timings = []
+  onnx_session = ort.InferenceSession(onnx_file)
+  onnx_types = {x.name: ORT_TO_NP_DTYPES[x.type] for x in onnx_session.get_inputs()}
+  onnx_inputs = {k:onnx_inputs[k].astype(onnx_types[k]) for k in onnx_inputs}
+
+  for _ in range(1 if test_val is not None else 5):
+    st = time.perf_counter()
+    onnx_output = onnx_session.run([onnx_model.graph.output[0].name], onnx_inputs)
+    timings.append(time.perf_counter() - st)
+
+  np.testing.assert_allclose(onnx_output[0].reshape(test_val.shape), test_val, atol=tol, rtol=tol)
+  print("test vs onnx passed")
  return timings

+def bench(run, inputs):
+  from extra.bench_log import WallTimeEvent, BenchEvent
+  for _ in range(10):
+    with WallTimeEvent(BenchEvent.STEP):
+      run(**inputs).numpy()
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
  onnx_file = fetch(OPENPILOT_MODEL)
-  test_val = compile(onnx_file) if not getenv("RUN") else None
+  inputs, outputs = compile(onnx_file)

  with open(OUTPUT, "rb") as f: pickle_loaded = pickle.load(f)

-  # same randomness as compile
-  Tensor.manual_seed(100)
-  new_inputs = {nm:Tensor.randn(*st.shape, dtype=dtype).mul(8).realize() for nm, (st, _, dtype, _) in
-                sorted(zip(pickle_loaded.captured.expected_names, pickle_loaded.captured.expected_st_vars_dtype_device))}
-
-  test_val = test_vs_compile(pickle_loaded, new_inputs, test_val)
-  if getenv("BENCHMARK"):
-    for be in ["torch", "ort"]:
-      try:
-        timings = test_vs_onnx(new_inputs, None, onnx_file, be=="ort")
-        print(f"timing {be}: {min(timings)*1000:.2f} ms")
-      except Exception as e:
-        print(f"{be} fail with {e}")
-  if not getenv("FLOAT16"): test_vs_onnx(new_inputs, test_val, onnx_file, getenv("ORT"))
+  test_vs_compile(pickle_loaded, inputs, outputs)
+  if getenv("SELFTEST"):
+    test_vs_onnx(inputs, outputs, onnx_file, 1e-4)

+  if getenv("BENCHMARK_LOG", ""):
+    bench(pickle_loaded, inputs)
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-from tinygrad import Tensor, fetch, GlobalCounters, dtypes
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp
-from tinygrad.frontend.onnx import OnnxRunner
-from tinygrad.schedule.kernelize import get_kernelize_map
-from tinygrad.engine.schedule import create_schedule_with_vars
-from tinygrad.engine.realize import run_schedule
-
-# NOLOCALS=1 CL=1 IMAGE=2 FLOAT16=1 VIZ=1 DEBUG=2 python3 examples/openpilot/compile4.py
-
-OPENPILOT_MODEL = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "https://github.com/commaai/openpilot/raw/v0.9.7/selfdrive/modeld/models/supercombo.onnx"
-OUTPUT = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "/tmp/openpilot.pkl"
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-  onnx_file = fetch(OPENPILOT_MODEL)
-  run_onnx = OnnxRunner(onnx_file)
-
-  inputs = run_onnx.get_empty_input_data("npy", dtypes.float32)
-  out: Tensor = next(iter(run_onnx({k:v.to(None) for k,v in inputs.items()}).values())).to('cpu')
-  root = out.uop
-  targets = [x.uop for x in inputs.values()]
-  print(targets)
-
-  # TODO: abstract this from gradient?
-
-  # compute the target path (top down)
-  in_target_path: dict[UOp, bool] = {}
-  for u in root.toposort(): in_target_path[u] = any(x in targets or in_target_path[x] for x in u.src)
-  independent_set = {}
-  for u in root.toposort():
-    if in_target_path[u]:
-      for s in u.src:
-        if not in_target_path[s]:
-          independent_set[s] = None
-  independent = UOp.sink(*independent_set.keys())
-  kernelized = get_kernelize_map(independent)
-  independent = independent.substitute(kernelized)
-  schedule, var_vals = create_schedule_with_vars(independent)
-  run_schedule(schedule)
-
-  print("**** real ****")
-  GlobalCounters.reset()
-  out.uop = root.substitute(kernelized)
-  out.kernelize()
-
-  # realize
-  out.realize()
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Model(nn.Module):

 if __name__ == "__main__":
  if getenv("TINY_BACKEND"):
-    import tinygrad.frontend.torch  # noqa: F401
+    import tinygrad.nn.torch  # noqa: F401
    device = torch.device("tiny")
  else:
    device = torch.device({"METAL":"mps","NV":"cuda"}.get(Device.DEFAULT, "cpu"))
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
  parser.add_argument('--timing',      action='store_true', help="Print timing per step")
  parser.add_argument('--noshow',      action='store_true', help="Don't show the image")
  parser.add_argument('--fp16',        action='store_true', help="Cast the weights to float16")
+  parser.add_argument('--fakeweights', action='store_true', help="Skip loading checkpoints and use fake weights")
  args = parser.parse_args()

  N = 1
@@ -112,19 +113,22 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":

  model = StableDiffusionV2(**params)

-  default_weights_url = 'https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1/resolve/main/v2-1_768-ema-pruned.safetensors'
-  weights_fn = args.weights_fn
-  if not weights_fn:
-    weights_url = args.weights_url if args.weights_url else default_weights_url
-    weights_fn  = fetch(weights_url, os.path.basename(str(weights_url)))
-
  with WallTimeEvent(BenchEvent.LOAD_WEIGHTS):
-    load_state_dict(model, safe_load(weights_fn), strict=False)
+    if not args.fakeweights:
+      default_weights_url = 'https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1/resolve/main/v2-1_768-ema-pruned.safetensors'
+      weights_fn = args.weights_fn
+      if not weights_fn:
+        weights_url = args.weights_url if args.weights_url else default_weights_url
+        weights_fn  = fetch(weights_url, os.path.basename(str(weights_url)))
+
+        load_state_dict(model, safe_load(weights_fn), strict=False)

    if args.fp16:
      for k,v in get_state_dict(model).items():
        if k.startswith("model"):
-          v.replace(v.cast(dtypes.float16).realize())
+          v.replace(v.cast(dtypes.float16))
+
+    Tensor.realize(*get_state_dict(model).values())

  c  = { "crossattn": model.cond_stage_model(args.prompt) }
  uc = { "crossattn": model.cond_stage_model("") }
@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@ from typing import Dict, Any
 from PIL import Image
 import numpy as np
 from tinygrad import Device, GlobalCounters, dtypes, Tensor, TinyJit
-from tinygrad.helpers import Timing, Context, getenv, fetch, colored, tqdm
+from tinygrad.helpers import Timing, Context, getenv, fetch, colored, tqdm, flatten
 from tinygrad.nn import Conv2d, GroupNorm
 from tinygrad.nn.state import torch_load, load_state_dict, get_state_dict
-from extra.models.clip import Closed, Tokenizer
+from extra.models.clip import Closed, Tokenizer, FrozenOpenClipEmbedder
+from extra.models import unet, clip
 from extra.models.unet import UNetModel
+from examples.mlperf.initializers import AutocastLinear, AutocastConv2d, AutocastGroupNorm, AutocastLayerNorm, zero_module, attn_f32_softmax, gelu_erf
 from extra.bench_log import BenchEvent, WallTimeEvent

 class AttnBlock:
@@ -154,12 +156,46 @@ unet_params: Dict[str,Any] = {
  "use_linear": False,
 }

+mlperf_params: Dict[str,Any] = {"adm_in_ch": None, "in_ch": 4, "out_ch": 4, "model_ch": 320, "attention_resolutions": [4, 2, 1], "num_res_blocks": 2,
+                                "channel_mult": [1, 2, 4, 4], "d_head": 64, "transformer_depth": [1, 1, 1, 1], "ctx_dim": 1024, "use_linear": True,
+                                "num_groups":16, "st_norm_eps":1e-6}
+
 class StableDiffusion:
-  def __init__(self):
+  def __init__(self, version:str|None=None, pretrained:str|None=None):
    self.alphas_cumprod = get_alphas_cumprod()
-    self.model = namedtuple("DiffusionModel", ["diffusion_model"])(diffusion_model = UNetModel(**unet_params))
-    self.first_stage_model = AutoencoderKL()
-    self.cond_stage_model = namedtuple("CondStageModel", ["transformer"])(transformer = namedtuple("Transformer", ["text_model"])(text_model = Closed.ClipTextTransformer()))
+    if version != "v2-mlperf-train":
+      self.first_stage_model = AutoencoderKL() # only needed for decoding generated latents to images; not needed in mlperf training from preprocessed moments
+
+    if not version:
+      self.cond_stage_model = namedtuple("CondStageModel", ["transformer"])(transformer = namedtuple("Transformer", ["text_model"])(text_model = Closed.ClipTextTransformer()))
+      unet_init_params = unet_params
+    elif version in {"v2-mlperf-train", "v2-mlperf-eval"}:
+      unet_init_params = mlperf_params
+      clip.gelu = gelu_erf
+      self.cond_stage_model = FrozenOpenClipEmbedder(**{"dims": 1024, "n_heads": 16, "layers": 24, "return_pooled": False, "ln_penultimate": True,
+                                                        "clip_tokenizer_version": "sd_mlperf_v5_0"})
+      unet.Linear, unet.Conv2d, unet.GroupNorm, unet.LayerNorm = AutocastLinear, AutocastConv2d, AutocastGroupNorm, AutocastLayerNorm
+      unet.attention, unet.gelu, unet.mixed_precision_dtype = attn_f32_softmax, gelu_erf, dtypes.bfloat16
+      if pretrained:
+        print("loading text encoder")
+        weights: dict[str,Tensor] = {k.replace("cond_stage_model.", "", 1):v for k,v in torch_load(pretrained)["state_dict"].items() if k.startswith("cond_stage_model.")}
+        weights["model.attn_mask"] = Tensor.full((77, 77), fill_value=float("-inf")).triu(1)
+        load_state_dict(self.cond_stage_model, weights)
+        # only the eval model needs the decoder
+        if version == "v2-mlperf-eval":
+          print("loading image latent encoder")
+          weights = {k.replace("first_stage_model.", "", 1):v for k,v in torch_load(pretrained)["state_dict"].items() if k.startswith("first_stage_model.")}
+          load_state_dict(self.first_stage_model, weights)
+
+    self.model = namedtuple("DiffusionModel", ["diffusion_model"])(diffusion_model = UNetModel(**unet_init_params))
+    if version == "v2-mlperf-train":
+      # the mlperf reference inits certain weights as zeroes
+      for bb in flatten(self.model.diffusion_model.input_blocks) + self.model.diffusion_model.middle_block + flatten(self.model.diffusion_model.output_blocks):
+        if isinstance(bb, unet.ResBlock):
+          zero_module(bb.out_layers[3])
+        elif isinstance(bb, unet.SpatialTransformer):
+          zero_module(bb.proj_out)
+      zero_module(self.model.diffusion_model.out[2])

  def get_x_prev_and_pred_x0(self, x, e_t, a_t, a_prev):
    temperature = 1
@@ -227,18 +263,23 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
  parser.add_argument('--timing', action='store_true', help="Print timing per step")
  parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, help="Set the random latent seed")
  parser.add_argument('--guidance', type=float, default=7.5, help="Prompt strength")
+  parser.add_argument('--fakeweights', action='store_true', help="Skip loading checkpoints and use fake weights")
  args = parser.parse_args()

  model = StableDiffusion()

  # load in weights
  with WallTimeEvent(BenchEvent.LOAD_WEIGHTS):
-    load_state_dict(model, torch_load(fetch('https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion-v-1-4-original/resolve/main/sd-v1-4.ckpt', 'sd-v1-4.ckpt'))['state_dict'], strict=False)
+    if not args.fakeweights:
+      model_bin = fetch('https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion-v-1-4-original/resolve/main/sd-v1-4.ckpt', 'sd-v1-4.ckpt')
+      load_state_dict(model, torch_load(model_bin)['state_dict'], verbose=False, strict=False, realize=False)

    if args.fp16:
      for k,v in get_state_dict(model).items():
        if k.startswith("model"):
-          v.replace(v.cast(dtypes.float16).realize())
+          v.replace(v.cast(dtypes.float16))
+
+    Tensor.realize(*get_state_dict(model).values())

  # run through CLIP to get context
  tokenizer = Tokenizer.ClipTokenizer()
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ from tinygrad.helpers import fetch, getenv

 # QUANT=1 python3 examples/test_onnx_imagenet.py
 #   https://github.com/xamcat/mobcat-samples/raw/refs/heads/master/onnx_runtime/InferencingSample/InferencingSample/mobilenetv2-7.onnx
-# DONT_REALIZE_EXPAND=1 python3 examples/test_onnx_imagenet.py /tmp/model.quant.onnx
-# VIZ=1 DONT_REALIZE_EXPAND=1 python3 examples/benchmark_onnx.py /tmp/model.quant.onnx
+# python3 examples/test_onnx_imagenet.py /tmp/model.quant.onnx
+# VIZ=1 python3 examples/benchmark_onnx.py /tmp/model.quant.onnx

 def imagenet_dataloader(cnt=0):
  input_mean = Tensor([0.485, 0.456, 0.406]).reshape(1, -1, 1, 1)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":

  lr = 5e-3
  transform = ComposeTransforms([
-    lambda x: [Image.fromarray(xx, mode='L').resize((64, 64)) for xx in x],
+    lambda x: [Image.fromarray(xx).resize((64, 64)) for xx in x],
    lambda x: np.stack([np.asarray(xx) for xx in x], 0),
    lambda x: x / 255.0,
    lambda x: np.tile(np.expand_dims(x, 1), (1, 3, 1, 1)).astype(np.float32),
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import sys, base64, multiprocessing, itertools, collections
 from typing import Optional, Union, Literal, List

-from tinygrad import Tensor, TinyJit, Variable, nn
+from tinygrad import Tensor, TinyJit, Variable, nn, dtypes
 from tinygrad.nn.state import torch_load, load_state_dict
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, fetch

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class TextDecoder:

  def forward(self, x:Tensor, pos:Union[Variable, Literal[0]], encoded_audio:Tensor):
    seqlen = x.shape[-1]
-    x = self.token_embedding(x) + self.positional_embedding.shrink(((pos, pos+seqlen), None, None))
+    x = self.token_embedding(x) + self.positional_embedding.shrink(((pos, pos+seqlen), None))
    for block in self.blocks: x = block(x, xa=encoded_audio, mask=self.mask, len=pos)
    return self.output_tok(x)

@@ -244,15 +244,16 @@ def transcribe_waveform(model: Whisper, enc, waveforms, truncate=False):

  log_spec = prep_audio(waveforms, model.batch_size, truncate)
  nsample = model.decoder.max_tokens_to_sample
+  nctx = model.decoder.max_self_attn_cache_len

  def inferloop(ctx: Union[np.ndarray, List[np.ndarray]], encoded_audio):
    pos, next_tokens = 0, ctx
-    for i in range((nsample-len(start_tokens))*2):
-      next_tokens = model.decoder(Tensor(next_tokens), pos, encoded_audio)[:, -1].argmax(axis=-1).numpy().astype(np.int32).reshape(-1, 1)
+    for i in range(nsample):
+      next_tokens = model.decoder(Tensor(next_tokens, dtype=dtypes.int32), pos, encoded_audio)[:, -1].argmax(axis=-1).numpy().astype(np.int32).reshape(-1, 1)
      next_tokens[ctx[:, -1] == eot] = eot
      ctx = np.concatenate((ctx, next_tokens), axis=1)
      pos = ctx.shape[-1] - 1
-      if (next_tokens == eot).all(): break
+      if (next_tokens == eot).all() or pos == nctx: break
    return ctx

  def gettexttoks(line): return [tok for tok in line if tok < eot or tok > enc._special_tokens["<|notimestamps|>"]][-nsample+len(start_tokens):]
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import os
 from ultralytics import YOLO
 from pathlib import Path
-from tinygrad.frontend.onnx import OnnxRunner
+from tinygrad.nn.onnx import OnnxRunner
 from extra.onnx_helpers import get_example_inputs

 os.chdir("/tmp")
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, GlobalCounters, Context, dtypes
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, colored
+
+SZ = 8_000_000_000
+GPUS = getenv("GPUS", 4) # TODO: expose a way in tinygrad to access this
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  # create tensors
+  tens = [Tensor.ones(SZ, dtype=dtypes.uint8, device=f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}").contiguous() for i in range(GPUS)]
+  Tensor.realize(*tens)
+
+  bw = [[0.0]*GPUS for _ in range(GPUS)]
+  for i in range(GPUS):
+    for j in range(GPUS):
+      GlobalCounters.reset()
+      with Context(DEBUG=2):
+        if i == j:
+          # this copy would be optimized out, just add 1
+          (tens[i]+1).realize()
+        else:
+          tens[i].to(f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{j}").realize()
+      t = max(GlobalCounters.time_sum_s, 1e-9)
+      bw[i][j] = SZ / t / 1e9  # GB/s
+
+  def fmt(x):
+    c = "green" if x > 50 else "yellow" if x > 20 else "red"
+    return colored(f"{x:6.1f}", c)
+
+  # header
+  print(" " * 8 + " ".join(f"{'d'+str(j):>6}" for j in range(GPUS)))
+  # rows
+  for i in range(GPUS):
+    print(f"{'s'+str(i):>6} -> " + " ".join(fmt(x) for x in bw[i]))
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# source extra/cl_android.sh
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/lib:/system/vendor/lib64
+export LD_PRELOAD=/system/vendor/lib64/libOpenCL.so
+
@@ -1,355 +1,168 @@
 from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, Context, GlobalCounters, dtypes
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops, KernelInfo, graph_rewrite, AxisType, PatternMatcher, UPat
-from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner, ExecItem, get_program
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, KernelInfo, sint, AxisType
+from tinygrad.engine.realize import ExecItem, get_runner
 from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace
-from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, colored, prod, unwrap
-from tinygrad.shape.shapetracker import ShapeTracker, View
-from tinygrad.shape.view import strides_for_shape
-from tinygrad.codegen.opt.kernel import axis_colors, Opt, OptOps
-from tinygrad.codegen.opt.swizzler import merge_views, view_left
-
-def to_colored(full_shape, axis_types): return '_'.join([colored(str(s), axis_colors[at]) for s,at in zip(full_shape, axis_types)])
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv

 N = 4096
+M = K = N
 run_count = 5

-BN = 128
-BM = 128
-BK = 8
+# ---------------------------
+# launch/config constants
+# ---------------------------

-TN = 4
-TM = 4
+WARP_SIZE = 32

-# NOTE: this is from testgrad
-# change reduceop axes and input ShapeTrackers, view gets replaced with a reshape.
-# src->r->view  -->   src->view->r
-def swizzle_reduceop(src:UOp, r:UOp, view:UOp):
-  if r.tag is not None: return None
-  # confirm the input is in order
-  # TODO: replace this with a UOp that allows for nothing else then remove this
-  permute = tuple(i for i in range(len(src.shape)) if i not in r.axis_arg)+r.axis_arg
-  assert permute == tuple(range(len(permute))), f"reduce axis must already be in order, {permute} isn't"
+# Threadblock tile sizes (block-level tile of C that a block computes)
+BLOCK_N = 128   # columns of C (N-dim) per block
+BLOCK_M = 128   # rows of C (M-dim) per block
+BLOCK_K = 8     # K-slice per block iteration

-  # append the reduce shape to each of the views
-  prshape = prod(rshape:=src.shape[-len(r.axis_arg):])
-  rstrides = strides_for_shape(rshape)
-  nv = [View.create(v.shape+rshape, tuple(x*prshape for x in v.strides)+rstrides, v.offset*prshape,
-                    v.mask+tuple((0,s) for s in rshape) if v.mask is not None else None) for v in unwrap(view.st).views]
+# Register tile sizes (per-thread accumulator tile of C)
+TN = 4     # columns per thread
+TM = 4     # rows per thread

-  # no reshape required with shrinking REDUCE_AXIS
-  return UOp(Ops.REDUCE_AXIS, r.dtype, (src.view(ShapeTracker(tuple(nv))),),
-             (r.arg[0], tuple(range(len(view.shape), len(view.shape) + len(r.axis_arg)))))
+is_kernel5 = getenv("K5", 0)
+THREADS_PER_BLOCK = 128 if is_kernel5 else 256
+assert THREADS_PER_BLOCK % BLOCK_N == 0, "THREADS_PER_BLOCK must be divisible by BLOCK_N"
+assert THREADS_PER_BLOCK % BLOCK_K == 0, "THREADS_PER_BLOCK must be divisible by BLOCK_K"
+assert (BLOCK_N * BLOCK_K) % THREADS_PER_BLOCK == 0
+assert (BLOCK_M * BLOCK_K) % THREADS_PER_BLOCK == 0

-pm = PatternMatcher([
-  (UPat(Ops.VIEW, src=(UPat(Ops.REDUCE_AXIS, src=(UPat.var("src"),), name="r"),), name="view"), swizzle_reduceop),
-])
+WARPS_PER_BLOCK = THREADS_PER_BLOCK // WARP_SIZE
+WAVE_TILE_N = 128 if is_kernel5 else 64
+WAVE_TILE_M = BLOCK_N * BLOCK_M // WARPS_PER_BLOCK // WAVE_TILE_N
+assert BLOCK_N % WAVE_TILE_N == 0, "BN must be a multiple of WN"
+assert BLOCK_M % WAVE_TILE_M == 0, "BM must be a multiple of WM"
+WAVES_IN_BLOCK_X = BLOCK_N // WAVE_TILE_N
+WAVES_IN_BLOCK_Y = BLOCK_M // WAVE_TILE_M
+assert WAVES_IN_BLOCK_X * WAVES_IN_BLOCK_Y == WARPS_PER_BLOCK, "wave grid must match warps/block"

-def rangeify_kernel3():
-  a = Tensor.empty(N,N)
-  b = Tensor.empty(N,N)
-  c = a@b
-  #c = c.reshape((32,2,16,4,32,2,16,4)).contiguous()
-  with Context(RANGEIFY=1):
-    sink = c.schedule()[-1].ast
-  #print(sink)
+LANES_PER_WAVE_X = 8
+LANES_PER_WAVE_Y = 4
+ITERS_PER_WAVE_N = WAVE_TILE_N // (LANES_PER_WAVE_X * TN)
+ITERS_PER_WAVE_M = WAVE_TILE_M // (LANES_PER_WAVE_Y * TM)
+assert WAVE_TILE_N % (LANES_PER_WAVE_X * TN) == 0, "WAVE_TILE_N must be divisible by LANES_PER_WAVE_X*TN"
+assert WAVE_TILE_M % (LANES_PER_WAVE_Y * TM) == 0, "WAVE_TILE_M must be divisible by LANES_PER_WAVE_Y*TM"

-  opts  = [Opt(OptOps.UPCAST, 0, 4), Opt(OptOps.LOCAL, 0, 16), Opt(OptOps.UPCAST, 0, 2)]
-  opts += [Opt(OptOps.UPCAST, 1, 4), Opt(OptOps.LOCAL, 1, 16), Opt(OptOps.UPCAST, 1, 2)]
-  opts += [Opt(OptOps.UNROLL, 0, 8)]
+def rngs_for_shape(shape:tuple[sint, ...], rng:int, axis_type=AxisType.LOOP): return [UOp.range(s, rng+i, axis_type) for i,s in enumerate(shape)]
+def copy(dest:UOp, src:UOp, rng:int, set=False, upcast=False):
+  assert dest.shape == src.shape
+  rngs = rngs_for_shape(src.shape, rng, AxisType.UPCAST if upcast else AxisType.LOOP)
+  copy = dest[*rngs].store(src[*rngs]).end(*rngs)
+  return dest.after(copy) if set else copy

-  return sink.replace(arg=KernelInfo(opts_to_apply=tuple(opts)))
+def hand_spec_kernel3():
+  # ---------------------------
+  # block indices & placeholders
+  # ---------------------------
+  blockIdx_x = UOp.special(N // BLOCK_N, "gidx0")
+  blockIdx_y = UOp.special(N // BLOCK_M, "gidx1")

-def top_spec_kernel3():
-  a = Tensor.empty(N,N)
-  b = Tensor.empty(N,N)
-  c = a@b
-  sink = c.schedule()[-1].ast
-  L = 16
-  sink = sink.reshape((N//L, L, N//L, L)) #.lift({0:UOp.range(N//BM, 0), 2:UOp.range(N//BN, 1)})
-  sink = graph_rewrite(sink, view_left+pm)
-  axis_types = (AxisType.GLOBAL, AxisType.LOCAL, AxisType.GLOBAL, AxisType.LOCAL, AxisType.REDUCE)
-  return sink.replace(arg=KernelInfo(name="top_"+to_colored(sink.full_shape, axis_types), axis_types=axis_types))
+  a = UOp.placeholder((N, N), dtypes.float, slot=1)
+  b = UOp.placeholder((N, N), dtypes.float, slot=2)
+  c = UOp.placeholder((N, N), dtypes.float, slot=0)

-def hl_spec_kernel3():
-  nbIterWaveM = 2
-  nbIterWaveN = 2
+  # index the output with the globals
+  c = c.reshape(M // BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, N // BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N)[blockIdx_y, :, blockIdx_x, :]

-  # define buffers
-  # TODO: remove these views once the defines have a shape
-  a = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(N*N), arg=1).view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((N,N)))
-  b = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(N*N), arg=2).view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((N,N))).permute((1,0))
-  c = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(N*N), arg=0).view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((N,N)))
-  As = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_LOCAL, dtypes.float.ptr(BK*BM, AddrSpace.LOCAL), arg=0).view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((BK, BM))).permute((1,0))
-  Bs = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_LOCAL, dtypes.float.ptr(BK*BN, AddrSpace.LOCAL), arg=1).view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((BK, BN))).permute((1,0))
-  A_col = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_REG, dtypes.float.ptr(nbIterWaveM * TM, AddrSpace.REG), arg=0).view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((nbIterWaveM * TM,)))
-  B_row = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_REG, dtypes.float.ptr(nbIterWaveN * TN, AddrSpace.REG), arg=1).view(ShapeTracker.from_shape((nbIterWaveN * TN,)))
+  # open the main reduction range
+  k_tile_range = UOp.range(N // BLOCK_K, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
+  a = a.reshape(M // BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, N // BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K)[blockIdx_y, :, k_tile_range, :]
+  b = b.reshape(N // BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K, N // BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N)[k_tile_range, :, blockIdx_x, :]

-  # shape buffers. TODO: permutes
-  full_shape = (N//BM, nbIterWaveM, BM//(nbIterWaveM * TM), TM, N//BN, nbIterWaveN, BN//(nbIterWaveN * TN), TN, N//BK, BK)
-  a = a.reshape((N//BM, nbIterWaveM, BM//(nbIterWaveM * TM), TM, 1, 1, 1, 1, N//BK, BK)).expand(full_shape)
-  b = b.reshape((1, 1, 1, 1, N//BN, nbIterWaveN, BN//(nbIterWaveN * TN), TN, N//BK, BK)).expand(full_shape)
-  c = c.reshape((N//BM, nbIterWaveM, BM//(nbIterWaveM * TM), TM, N//BN, nbIterWaveN, BN//(nbIterWaveN * TN), TN, 1, 1))
-  As = As.reshape((1, nbIterWaveM, BM//(nbIterWaveM * TM), TM, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, BK)).expand(full_shape)
-  Bs = Bs.reshape((1, 1, 1, 1, 1, nbIterWaveN, BN//(nbIterWaveN * TN), TN, 1, BK)).expand(full_shape)
-  A_col = A_col.reshape((1, nbIterWaveM, 1, TM, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)).expand(full_shape)
-  B_row = B_row.reshape((1, 1, 1, 1, 1, nbIterWaveN, 1, TN, 1, 1)).expand(full_shape)
+  # globals are no longer used, they are already in the indexes
+  del blockIdx_y, blockIdx_x

-  #                     U1   L2 L3 L4 L5   U6 U7      U9   L10 L11 L12 L13   U14 U15      U17  U18  U19
-  expanded_shape = (32, 2,   2, 2, 2, 2,   2, 2,  32, 2,   2,  2,  2,  2,    2,  2,  512, 2,   2,   2)
-  assert len(expanded_shape) == 20
-  permute_a = list(range(len(expanded_shape)))
-  permute_b = permute_a[:]
+  # ---------------------------
+  # GLOBAL -> LOCAL (As, Bs)
+  # ---------------------------
+  tid = UOp.special(THREADS_PER_BLOCK, "lidx0")

-  # this makes all the global loads match
-  # this can also be more simply done by rebinding the RANGEs
-  # but sadly, rebinding the RANGEs doesn't work to change the order of the local axes
-  permute_a[17:20] = [11,12,13]
-  permute_a[11:14] = [17,18,19]
-  permute_a[7], permute_a[10] = permute_a[10], permute_a[7]
-  permute_a[2:7] = [3,4,5,6,2]
+  # A: read BM x BK tiles (permute on store into locals)
+  BM_As_stride = (BLOCK_M + 4) if is_kernel5 else BLOCK_M
+  As = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K, BM_As_stride), dtypes.float, slot=0, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL).shrink_to((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_M))
+  As_store = copy(As.permute((1,0)).reshape(-1, THREADS_PER_BLOCK)[:, tid], a.reshape(-1, THREADS_PER_BLOCK)[:, tid], rng=100)

-  permute_b[2:16] = [19,9,10,11,17,18,8,2,12,13,14,15,3,4]
-  permute_b[17:20] = [5,6,7]
+  # B: read BK x BN tiles
+  Bs = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_N), dtypes.float, slot=1, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL)
+  Bs_store = copy(Bs.reshape(-1, THREADS_PER_BLOCK)[:, tid], b.reshape(-1, THREADS_PER_BLOCK)[:, tid], rng=200)

-  a_permute   = a.reshape(expanded_shape).permute(tuple(permute_a)).reshape(full_shape)
-  As_permute = As.reshape(expanded_shape).permute(tuple(permute_a)).reshape(full_shape)
+  # TODO: can we automate barrier?
+  barrier = UOp.barrier(As_store, Bs_store)
+  As, Bs = As.after(barrier), Bs.after(barrier)

-  b_permute   = b.reshape(expanded_shape).permute(tuple(permute_b)).reshape(full_shape)
-  Bs_permute = Bs.reshape(expanded_shape).permute(tuple(permute_b)).reshape(full_shape)
+  # open inner k range
+  k = UOp.range(BLOCK_K, 3, AxisType.REDUCE)

-  #out = (a.load() * b.load()).r(Ops.ADD, (8, 9))
-  out = (As.load(As_permute.store(a_permute.load())) * Bs.load(Bs_permute.store(b_permute.load()))).r(Ops.ADD, (8, 9))
-  #out = (A_col.load(A_col.store(As.load(As.store(a.load())))) * B_row.load(B_row.store(Bs.load(Bs.store(b.load()))))).r(Ops.ADD, (8, 9))
+  # ---------------------------
+  # LOCAL -> REG (per-wave tiles)
+  # ---------------------------
+  waveIdx = (tid // WARP_SIZE) % WAVES_IN_BLOCK_X
+  waveIdy = (tid // WARP_SIZE) // WAVES_IN_BLOCK_X
+  assert waveIdy.vmax+1 == WAVES_IN_BLOCK_Y

-  axis_types = (
-    AxisType.GLOBAL, AxisType.UPCAST, AxisType.LOCAL, AxisType.UPCAST,
-    AxisType.GLOBAL, AxisType.UPCAST, AxisType.LOCAL, AxisType.UPCAST,
-    AxisType.REDUCE, AxisType.REDUCE)
+  laneIdx = (tid % WARP_SIZE) % LANES_PER_WAVE_X
+  laneIdy = (tid % WARP_SIZE) // LANES_PER_WAVE_X
+  assert laneIdy.vmax+1 == LANES_PER_WAVE_Y

-  sink = c.store(out).sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="tg_"+to_colored(full_shape, axis_types), axis_types=axis_types))
-  sink = graph_rewrite(sink, merge_views)
-  return sink
+  A_col = UOp.placeholder((ITERS_PER_WAVE_M, TM), dtypes.float, slot=0, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+  A_col = copy(A_col, As[k, :].reshape(WAVES_IN_BLOCK_Y, ITERS_PER_WAVE_M, LANES_PER_WAVE_Y, TM)[waveIdy, :, laneIdy, :], 300, set=True, upcast=True)

-def hand_spec_kernel3(kernel4=getenv("K4", 0), kernel5=getenv("K5", 0)):
-  BLOCK_SIZE = 128 if kernel5 else 256
+  B_row = UOp.placeholder((ITERS_PER_WAVE_N, TN), dtypes.float, slot=1, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+  B_row = copy(B_row, Bs[k, :].reshape(WAVES_IN_BLOCK_X, ITERS_PER_WAVE_N, LANES_PER_WAVE_X, TN)[waveIdx, :, laneIdx, :], 400, set=True, upcast=True)

-  nbWaves = BLOCK_SIZE // 32
-  WN = 128 if kernel5 else 64
-  WM = BN * BM // nbWaves // WN
+  # ---------------------------
+  # FMA: c_regs += A_col * B_row
+  # ---------------------------
+  c_regs = UOp.placeholder((ITERS_PER_WAVE_M, TM, ITERS_PER_WAVE_N, TN), dtypes.float, slot=2, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+  i = UOp.range(c_regs.size, 16)
+  c_regs = c_regs.after(c_regs.flatten()[i].store(0.0).end(i))

-  nbWaveX = BN // WN
-  nbWaveY = BM // WM
+  # TODO: why don't these work as upcast?
+  # why if the ranges merge is it slow?!? (if you change the order on end, they will merge. big slowdown on METAL)
+  iterWaveM, yt, iterWaveN, xt = rngs = rngs_for_shape(c_regs.shape, 500)
+  sink = c_regs[*rngs].store(c_regs.after(k)[*rngs] + A_col[iterWaveM, yt] * B_row[iterWaveN, xt]).end(iterWaveM, iterWaveN, yt, xt)

-  threadIdx_x = UOp(Ops.SPECIAL, dtypes.int, arg=("lidx0", BLOCK_SIZE))
-  waveIndex = threadIdx_x // 32
-  waveIdx = waveIndex % nbWaveX
-  waveIdy = waveIndex // nbWaveX
-  indexInWave = threadIdx_x % 32
+  # Close k, sync, and close K tiles
+  sink = sink.end(k).barrier().end(k_tile_range)

-  nbThreadXPerWave = 8
-  nbThreadYPerWave = 4
+  # ---------------------------
+  # REG -> GLOBAL (epilogue)
+  # ---------------------------
+  c = c.reshape(WAVES_IN_BLOCK_Y, ITERS_PER_WAVE_M, LANES_PER_WAVE_Y, TM,
+                WAVES_IN_BLOCK_X, ITERS_PER_WAVE_N, LANES_PER_WAVE_X, TN)
+  c = c[waveIdy, :, laneIdy, :,
+        waveIdx, :, laneIdx, :]
+  sink = copy(c, c_regs.after(sink), rng=600)

-  idxInWave = indexInWave % nbThreadXPerWave
-  idyInWave = indexInWave // nbThreadXPerWave
+  return sink.sink(arg=KernelInfo(opts_to_apply=())).simplify()

-  nbIterWaveN = WN // (nbThreadXPerWave * TN)
-  nbIterWaveM = WM // (nbThreadYPerWave * TM)
+def test_matmul(sink:UOp, N=N):
+  with Context(DEBUG=0):
+    a = Tensor.randn(N, N)
+    b = Tensor.randn(N, N)
+    hc = Tensor.empty(N, N)
+    Tensor.realize(a, b, hc)

-  SUBWN = WN // nbIterWaveN
-  SUBWM = WM // nbIterWaveM
+  ei = ExecItem(get_runner(Device.DEFAULT, sink), [t.uop.buffer for t in [hc, a, b]])

-  # Thread mapping to read BKxBN block from A
-  rAIdx = threadIdx_x % BK
-  rAIdy = threadIdx_x // BK
-  # Thread mapping to read BNxBK block from B
-  rBIdx = threadIdx_x % BN
-  rBIdy = threadIdx_x // BN
+  GlobalCounters.reset()
+  ets = []
+  with Context(DEBUG=2):
+    for _ in range(run_count):
+      ets.append(ei.run(wait=True))
+  print(f"REAL TFLOPS {N * N * N * 2 / min(ets) * 1e-12:.2f}")

-  strideReadB = BLOCK_SIZE // BN
-  strideReadA = BLOCK_SIZE // BK
-  nbReadsB = BN * BK // BLOCK_SIZE
-  nbReadsA = BM * BK // BLOCK_SIZE
-
-  blockIdx_x = UOp(Ops.SPECIAL, dtypes.int, arg=("gidx0", N//BN))
-  blockIdx_y = UOp(Ops.SPECIAL, dtypes.int, arg=("gidx1", N//BM))
-
-  a = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(N*N), arg=1)
-  b = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(N*N), arg=2)
-  c = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, dtypes.float.ptr(N*N), arg=0)
-
-  A_col = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_REG, dtypes.float.ptr(nbIterWaveM * TM, AddrSpace.REG), arg=0)
-  B_row = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_REG, dtypes.float.ptr(nbIterWaveN * TN, AddrSpace.REG), arg=1)
-
-  BM_As_stride = (BM+4) if kernel5 else BM
-  As = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_LOCAL, dtypes.float.ptr(BK*BM_As_stride, AddrSpace.LOCAL), arg=0)
-  Bs = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_LOCAL, dtypes.float.ptr(BK*BN, AddrSpace.LOCAL), arg=1)
-
-  c_regs = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_REG, dtypes.float.ptr(TM * nbIterWaveM * TN * nbIterWaveN), arg=2)
-
-  i = UOp.range(c_regs.dtype.size, 16)
-  init_store = c_regs[i].store(UOp.const(dtypes.float, 0.0), i)
-
-  if kernel4:
-    regA = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_REG, dtypes.float.ptr(nbReadsA, AddrSpace.REG), arg=3)
-    regB = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_REG, dtypes.float.ptr(nbReadsB, AddrSpace.REG), arg=4)
-
-    # initial load from globals into locals (0)
-    kId = 0
-
-    # load from globals into locals
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsB, 0)
-    index_x = BN * blockIdx_x + rBIdx
-    index_y = rBIdy + i * strideReadB + kId
-    Bs_store = Bs[(index_y % BK) * BN + index_x % BN].store(b[N * index_y + index_x].load(), i)
-
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsA, 1)
-    index_x = rAIdx + kId
-    index_y = BM * blockIdx_y + rAIdy + i * strideReadA
-    As_store = As[(index_x % BK) * BM_As_stride + index_y % BM].store(a[N * index_y + index_x].load(), i)
-
-    # iterate over the middle chunk
-    kId_range = UOp.range(N//BK-1, 2)
-    kId = kId_range*BK
-
-    barrier = UOp.barrier(As_store, Bs_store)
-
-    # load from globals into registers (next round)
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsB, 3)
-    index_x = BN * blockIdx_x + rBIdx
-    index_y = rBIdy + i * strideReadB + kId + BK
-    regB_store = regB[i].store(b[N * index_y + index_x].load(), i)
-
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsA, 4)
-    index_x = rAIdx + kId + BK
-    index_y = BM * blockIdx_y + rAIdy + i * strideReadA
-    regA_store = regA[i].store(a[N * index_y + index_x].load(), i)
-
-    def inner_loop(first_range, inp_dep=()):
-      # inner unroll
-      k = UOp.range(BK, first_range+0)
-
-      # load from locals into registers
-      iterWave = UOp.range(nbIterWaveN, first_range+1)
-      i = UOp.range(TN, first_range+2)
-      index = waveIdx * WN + iterWave * SUBWN + TN * idxInWave + i
-      B_row_store = B_row[iterWave*TN + i].store(Bs[k*BN + index].load(*inp_dep), iterWave, i)
-
-      iterWave = UOp.range(nbIterWaveM, first_range+3)
-      i = UOp.range(TM, first_range+4)
-      index = waveIdy * WM + iterWave * SUBWM + TM * idyInWave + i
-      A_col_store = A_col[iterWave*TM + i].store(As[k*BM_As_stride + index].load(*inp_dep), iterWave, i)
-
-      # do the GEMM math
-      iterWaveM = UOp.range(nbIterWaveM, first_range+5)
-      yt = UOp.range(TM, first_range+6)
-      iterWaveN = UOp.range(nbIterWaveN, first_range+7)
-      xt = UOp.range(TN, first_range+8)
-      x = iterWaveN * TN + xt
-      y = iterWaveM * TM + yt
-      c_regs_idx = c_regs[y * TN * nbIterWaveN + x]
-      # sketchy, this should end the kId_range but it doesn't
-      sink = c_regs_idx.store(c_regs_idx.load(init_store) + A_col[y].load(A_col_store) * B_row[x].load(B_row_store),
-                              iterWaveM, iterWaveN, yt, xt, k)
-      return sink
-
-    # TODO: kId_range should endrange after a barrier
-    sink = inner_loop(5, (barrier, regB_store, regA_store)).barrier()
-
-    # load from registers into locals
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsB, 14)
-    index_x = BN * blockIdx_x + rBIdx
-    index_y = rBIdy + i * strideReadB + kId + BK
-    Bs_store = Bs[(index_y % BK) * BN + index_x % BN].store(regB[i].load(sink), i, kId_range)
-
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsA, 15)
-    index_x = rAIdx + kId + BK
-    index_y = BM * blockIdx_y + rAIdy + i * strideReadA
-    As_store = As[(index_x % BK) * BM_As_stride + index_y % BM].store(regA[i].load(sink), i, kId_range)
-
-    # final iteration without the copy
-    sink = inner_loop(16, (UOp.barrier(Bs_store, As_store),))
-  else:
-    kId_range = UOp.range(N//BK, 0)
-    kId = kId_range*BK
-
-    # load from globals into locals
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsB, 1)
-    index_x = BN * blockIdx_x + rBIdx
-    index_y = rBIdy + i * strideReadB + kId
-    Bs_store = Bs[(index_y % BK) * BN + index_x % BN].store(b[N * index_y + index_x].load(), i)
-
-    i = UOp.range(nbReadsA, 2)
-    index_x = rAIdx + kId
-    index_y = BM * blockIdx_y + rAIdy + i * strideReadA
-    As_store = As[(index_x % BK) * BM_As_stride + index_y % BM].store(a[N * index_y + index_x].load(), i)
-
-    barrier = UOp.barrier(As_store, Bs_store)
-
-    k = UOp.range(BK, 3)
-
-    # load from locals into registers
-    iterWave = UOp.range(nbIterWaveN, 4)
-    i = UOp.range(TN, 5)
-    index = waveIdx * WN + iterWave * SUBWN + TN * idxInWave + i
-    B_row_store = B_row[iterWave*TN + i].store(Bs[k*BN + index].load(barrier), iterWave, i)
-
-    iterWave = UOp.range(nbIterWaveM, 6)
-    i = UOp.range(TM, 7)
-    index = waveIdy * WM + iterWave * SUBWM + TM * idyInWave + i
-    A_col_store = A_col[iterWave*TM + i].store(As[k*BM_As_stride + index].load(barrier), iterWave, i)
-
-    # do the GEMM math
-    iterWaveM = UOp.range(nbIterWaveM, 8)
-    yt = UOp.range(TM, 9)
-    iterWaveN = UOp.range(nbIterWaveN, 10)
-    xt = UOp.range(TN, 12)
-    x = iterWaveN * TN + xt
-    y = iterWaveM * TM + yt
-    c_regs_idx = c_regs[y * TN * nbIterWaveN + x]
-    sink = c_regs_idx.store(c_regs_idx.load(init_store) + A_col[y].load(A_col_store) * B_row[x].load(B_row_store),
-                            iterWaveM, iterWaveN, yt, xt, k, kId_range)
-
-  # store c_regs into c
-  iterWaveM = UOp.range(nbIterWaveM, 1000)
-  yt = UOp.range(TM, 1001)
-  iterWaveN = UOp.range(nbIterWaveN, 1002)
-  xt = UOp.range(TN, 1003)
-  xOut = blockIdx_x * BN + waveIdx * WN + iterWaveN * SUBWN + TN * idxInWave
-  yOut = blockIdx_y * BM + waveIdy * WM + iterWaveM * SUBWM + TM * idyInWave
-  indexC = N * (yOut + yt) + xOut + xt
-  sink = c[indexC].store(c_regs[TN * nbIterWaveN * (iterWaveM * TM + yt) + (iterWaveN * TN + xt)].load(sink),
-                         iterWaveM, iterWaveN, yt, xt)
-
-  return sink.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="tinygemm"))
+  GlobalCounters.reset()
+  with Context(DEBUG=2):
+    tc = (a @ b).realize()
+  with Context(DEBUG=0):
+    err = (hc - tc).square().mean().item()
+  print(f"mean squared error {err}")
+  if err > 1e-06:
+    raise RuntimeError("matmul is wrong!")

 if __name__ == "__main__":
-  HL = getenv("HL")
-  if HL == 3: hprg = rangeify_kernel3()
-  elif HL == 2: hprg = top_spec_kernel3()
-  elif HL == 1: hprg = hl_spec_kernel3()
-  else: hprg = hand_spec_kernel3()
-  if HL == 3:
-    with Context(RANGEIFY=1, BLOCK_REORDER=0):
-      prg = get_program(hprg, Device.default.renderer)
-  else:
-    prg = get_program(hprg, Device.default.renderer)
-  print(prg.src)
-  if getenv("SRC"): exit(0)
-  hrunner = CompiledRunner(prg)
-
-  a = Tensor.randn(N, N).realize()
-  b = Tensor.randn(N, N).realize()
-  hc = Tensor.zeros(N, N).contiguous().realize()
-
-  GlobalCounters.reset()
-  with Context(DEBUG=2):
-    for _ in range(run_count): tc = (a@b).realize()
-
-  GlobalCounters.reset()
-  buffers = [hc.uop.buffer, a.uop.buffer, b.uop.buffer]
-  ei = ExecItem(hrunner, buffers)
-  with Context(DEBUG=2):
-    for _ in range(run_count): ei.run(wait=True)
-  err = (hc-tc).square().mean().item()
-  print(f"hrunner {err}")
-  if err > 1e-06: raise RuntimeError("matmul is wrong!")
+  test_matmul(hand_spec_kernel3(), N=N)
@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
 import numpy as np, os
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, flat_mv
 from tinygrad import dtypes
-from typing import Optional, List, Tuple, cast, Dict, Final, DefaultDict, Self
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import get_program

 # for copied uops
-from tinygrad.codegen.opt.kernel import Kernel, KernelOptError
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops, BinaryOps, UnaryOps, TernaryOps, KernelInfo
-from tinygrad.codegen.opt.search import Opt, OptOps
-from tinygrad import Device, dtypes, Tensor
-from tinygrad.dtype import PtrDType, DType, DTYPES_DICT
-from tinygrad.shape.shapetracker import ShapeTracker
-from tinygrad.shape.view import View
+from tinygrad import dtypes
+from tinygrad.dtype import DTYPES_DICT

 script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

@@ -53,12 +47,6 @@ def randoms():
    nc = nc.astype(np.bfloat16 if DTYPE_IN == dtypes.bfloat16 else np.float16)
  return na, nb, nc

-def ast_to_cuda_prog(compiler, ast, opts):
-  k = Kernel(ast)
-  k.apply_opts(opts)
-  p = get_program(k.ast, k.opts, k.applied_opts)
-  return CUDAProgram(device, p.function_name, compiler.compile(p.src))
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
  print(f"gemm variation: {GEMM_VARIATION=} {M=} {N=} {K=} {DTYPE_IN=} {DTYPE_OUT=} {DTYPE_ACC=}")
  prog, global_size, local_size = None, None, None
@@ -189,11 +177,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":

    tms = []
    na, nb, nc = randoms()
-    cudaalloc.copyin(a, bytearray(na))
-    cudaalloc.copyin(b, bytearray(nb))
+    cudaalloc._copyin(a, memoryview(bytearray(na)))
+    cudaalloc._copyin(b, memoryview(bytearray(nb)))
    for i in range(CNT):
      tms.append(prog(*args, **kwargs))
-    cudaalloc.copyout(flat_mv(nc.data), c)
+    cudaalloc._copyout(flat_mv(nc.data), c)
    comp = na.astype(np.float32) @ nb.astype(np.float32)
    result = nc.reshape(M, N).astype(np.float32)

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from tinygrad import UOp, dtypes
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import AxisType, Ops, KernelInfo, AddrSpace
+from extra.gemm.amd_uop_matmul import test_matmul
+
+N = 2048
+
+# metal has an 8x8 tensor core. this is the indexing
+def mat_idx(buf, g0, g1, warp, u):
+  l = [(warp//2**i)%2 for i in range(5)]
+  return buf[g0, l[4]*4 + l[2]*2 + l[1], g1, l[3]*4 + l[0]*2 + u]
+
+def hand_spec_tc_cores():
+  gx = UOp.special(N // 8, "gidx0")
+  gy = UOp.special(N // 8, "gidx1")
+  warp = UOp.special(32, "lidx0")
+
+  c = UOp.placeholder((N, N), dtypes.float, slot=0).reshape((N//8, 8, N//8, 8))
+  a = UOp.placeholder((N, N), dtypes.float, slot=1).reshape((N//8, 8, N//8, 8))
+  b = UOp.placeholder((N, N), dtypes.float, slot=2).reshape((N//8, 8, N//8, 8))
+
+  gk = UOp.range(N // 8, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
+
+  a_tc = UOp.vectorize(*[mat_idx(a, gx, gk, warp, i) for i in range(2)])
+  b_tc = UOp.vectorize(*[mat_idx(b, gk, gy, warp, i) for i in range(2)])
+
+  acc = UOp.placeholder((2,), dtypes.float, slot=0, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+  acc = acc[0].set(0.0)
+  acc = acc[1].set(0.0)
+
+  # TODO: make this simple
+  wmma_arg = ('WMMA_8_8_8_float_float', (8, 8, 8), dtypes.float, dtypes.float, 'METAL', 32, (((3, 2),), ((3, 2),), ((3, 2),)), ())
+
+  acc_load = UOp.vectorize(acc.after(gk)[0], acc.after(gk)[1])
+  out = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float.vec(2), (a_tc, b_tc, acc_load), arg=wmma_arg)
+
+  end_loop = UOp.group(*[acc[i].store(out.gep(i)) for i in range(2)]).end(gk)
+
+  sink = UOp.group(*[mat_idx(c.after(end_loop), gx, gy, warp, i).store(acc[i]) for i in range(2)])
+  return sink.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="custom_metal_matmul", opts_to_apply=())).simplify()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  test_matmul(hand_spec_tc_cores(), N=N)
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import os
+import numpy as np
+np.set_printoptions(linewidth=1000000)
+os.environ["AMD_LLVM"] = "0"
+
+from tinygrad import Tensor, Context, dtypes, UOp, GlobalCounters
+from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv
+from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import AxisType, KernelInfo, Ops
+
+WARP_SIZE = 64
+
+# Reg tile sizes (tensor cores)
+TC_M = 16
+TC_N = 16
+TC_K = 32
+
+# 1024 matrix cores
+# 16 cycle mfma
+# 2.2 GHz
+# 16x16x32x2 FLOPS/mma = 16384
+# 2.2*1e9*16384*1024/16*1e-12 TFLOPS = 2306 TFLOPS
+
+#N,M,K = 256,256,64
+N,M,K = 4096,4096,4096
+
+# Threadblock tile sizes (block-level tile of C that a block computes)
+#BLOCK_M = 128   # rows of C (M-dim) per block
+#BLOCK_N = 128   # columns of C (N-dim) per block
+#BLOCK_K = 128   # K-slice per block iteration
+
+BLOCK_M = 64
+BLOCK_N = 64
+BLOCK_K = 128
+
+WARPGROUP_SIZE = 1
+BLOCK_M = BLOCK_M * WARPGROUP_SIZE
+
+# TODO: improve the syntax of this. better syntax, faster iteration
+#  -- DONE: add working slice a[gx, :, i] -> shape of the : (aka (16,16,32) becomes (16,))
+#  -- DONE(ish): add argfix to movement (traits shared with Tensor)
+#  -- fix WMMA to not require all the junk
+#  -- improve syntax for vectorized loads/stores (both with DEVECTORIZE and without)
+#  -- DONE: be able to use CONTRACT on a range
+#  -- fix upcasted RANGE on an already vectorized buffer
+#  -- improve "all ranges not ended error" / fix the bug with after on ended ranges (if you are after end of range, range is closed)
+
+CUS_PER_GPU = 256
+assert ((M//BLOCK_M) * (N//BLOCK_N)) >= CUS_PER_GPU, "not enough globals"
+
+def custom_gemm(C:UOp, A:UOp, B:UOp) -> UOp:
+  # A = (M x K)
+  # B = (K x N)
+  # C = (M x N)
+
+  # check it's proper matmul
+  assert C.shape[0] == A.shape[0]
+  assert C.shape[1] == B.shape[1]
+  assert A.shape[1] == B.shape[0]
+
+  gx, gy = UOp.special(M//BLOCK_M, "gidx0"), UOp.special(N//BLOCK_N, "gidx1")
+  warp = UOp.special(WARP_SIZE, "lidx0")
+  warpgroup = UOp.special(WARPGROUP_SIZE, "lidx1")
+
+  # generic copy logic (not good)
+  def generic_copy(glbl, gargs, lcl, rng):
+    # Fully coalesced 128-bit loads/stores.
+    INNER_SIZE = 8
+    cp_i = UOp.range(lcl.size//(WARPGROUP_SIZE*WARP_SIZE*INNER_SIZE), rng)
+    cp_inner = UOp.range(INNER_SIZE, rng+1, AxisType.UPCAST)
+    idx_i = cp_i*WARPGROUP_SIZE*WARP_SIZE*INNER_SIZE + warpgroup*WARP_SIZE*INNER_SIZE + warp*INNER_SIZE + cp_inner
+    return lcl[idx_i].store(glbl[*gargs, idx_i]).end(cp_i, cp_inner)
+
+  # split out the globals into blocks
+  C = C.reshape((M//BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, N//BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N))
+  A = A.reshape((M//BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, K//BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K))
+  B = B.reshape((K//BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K, N//BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N))
+
+  # this is the big accumulator
+  acc = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_N//TC_N, BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE), dtypes.float.vec(4), 0, AddrSpace.REG)
+  assert acc.size*WARP_SIZE*WARPGROUP_SIZE*4 == BLOCK_M*BLOCK_N
+  acc = acc[init_l:=UOp.range(acc.size, 500)].set(UOp.const(dtypes.float.vec(4), 0.0), end=init_l)
+
+  # create locals (note A is permuted, and the stride is changed to avoid bank conflicts)
+  def make_locals(slot) -> tuple[UOp, UOp]:
+    BM_As_stride = (BLOCK_M + 1)
+    BN_Bs_stride = (BLOCK_N + 0)
+    INNER_SLICE = 8
+    As = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K//INNER_SLICE, BM_As_stride, INNER_SLICE), dtypes.half, slot=slot, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL)
+    INNER_SLICE = 1
+    Bs = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K//INNER_SLICE, BN_Bs_stride, INNER_SLICE), dtypes.half, slot=slot+1, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL)
+    As = As.permute((0,2,1)).reshape((BLOCK_K, BM_As_stride)).shrink_to((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_M))
+    Bs = Bs.permute((0,2,1)).reshape((BLOCK_K, BN_Bs_stride)).shrink_to((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_N))
+    return As, Bs
+
+  # load from globals into locals (TODO: use the warpgroup)
+
+  def load_to_locals(l_K_outer_loop:UOp, Asl:UOp, Bsl:UOp, rng:int, barrier=True) -> tuple[UOp, UOp]:
+    if getenv("FAKE"):
+      return Asl[0].set(0), Bsl[0].set(0)
+    else:
+      pA = A.permute((0,2,1,3)).reshape((M//BLOCK_M, K//BLOCK_K, BLOCK_M*BLOCK_K))
+      pas = Asl.permute((1,0)).reshape((BLOCK_M*BLOCK_K,))
+      As_store = generic_copy(pA, (gx, l_K_outer_loop), pas, rng)
+
+      pB = B.permute((0,2,1,3)).reshape((K//BLOCK_K, N//BLOCK_N, BLOCK_K*BLOCK_N))
+      pbs = Bsl.reshape((BLOCK_K*BLOCK_N,))
+      Bs_store = generic_copy(pB, (l_K_outer_loop, gy), pbs, rng+2)
+
+      barrier = UOp.barrier(As_store, Bs_store) if barrier else UOp.group(As_store, Bs_store)
+      return Asl.after(barrier), Bsl.after(barrier)
+
+  def compute_on_locals(acc:UOp, Asl:UOp, Bsl:UOp, rng:int, afters:tuple[UOp, ...]=()) -> UOp:
+    K_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_K//TC_K, rng, AxisType.REDUCE)
+
+    # load from locals into registers
+    Ar = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE,), dtypes.half.vec(8), slot=1, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+    Br = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_N//TC_N,), dtypes.half.vec(8), slot=2, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+
+    M_load_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, rng+10)
+    Asl = Asl.reshape((BLOCK_K//TC_K, TC_K, BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, WARPGROUP_SIZE, TC_M))
+    load_rng = UOp.range(8, rng+11, axis_type=AxisType.UPCAST)
+    A_in = Asl[K_inner_loop, (warp//16)*8+load_rng, M_load_loop, warpgroup, warp%16].contract(load_rng)
+    Ar = Ar[M_load_loop].set(A_in, end=M_load_loop)
+
+    N_load_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_N//TC_N, rng+20)
+    Bsl = Bsl.reshape((BLOCK_K//TC_K, TC_K, BLOCK_N//TC_N, TC_N))
+    load_rng = UOp.range(8, rng+21, axis_type=AxisType.UPCAST)
+    B_in = Bsl[K_inner_loop, (warp//16)*8+load_rng, N_load_loop, warp%16].contract(load_rng)
+    Br = Br[N_load_loop].set(B_in, end=N_load_loop)
+
+    M_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, rng+30)
+    N_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_N//TC_N, rng+31)
+
+    # load values
+    acc_after = acc.after(*afters, M_inner_loop, N_inner_loop, K_inner_loop)
+    acc_load = acc_after[N_inner_loop, M_inner_loop]
+
+    # do WMMA
+    wmma_arg = ('WMMA_16_16_32_half_float', (16, 16, 32), dtypes.half, dtypes.float, 'AMD', 64, ((), (), ((3, 2), (2, 2))), ())
+    out = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float.vec(4), (Ar[M_inner_loop], Br[N_inner_loop], acc_load), arg=wmma_arg)
+
+    # store back the acc
+    acc_store = acc[N_inner_loop, M_inner_loop].store(out)
+    return acc_store.end(M_inner_loop, N_inner_loop, K_inner_loop)
+
+  # **** START INNER LOOP *****
+  # inner loop -- locals -> regs
+
+  # no pipeline
+  if not getenv("PIPELINE"):
+    As, Bs = make_locals(slot=0)
+
+    K_outer_loop = UOp.range(K//BLOCK_K, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
+    As, Bs = load_to_locals(K_outer_loop, As, Bs, 1000, barrier=True)
+    acc_store = compute_on_locals(acc, As, Bs, 1500, afters=(K_outer_loop,))
+    acc = acc.after(acc_store.barrier().end(K_outer_loop))
+  else:
+    # this doesn't work
+    As0, Bs0 = make_locals(slot=0)
+    As1, Bs1 = make_locals(slot=2)
+    As0, Bs0 = load_to_locals(0, As0, Bs0, 1000)
+
+    K_outer_loop = UOp.range((K//BLOCK_K-2)//2, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
+    As1, Bs1 = load_to_locals(K_outer_loop+1, As1, Bs1, 2000, barrier=False)
+    acc_store = compute_on_locals(acc, As0, Bs0, 1500, afters=(K_outer_loop,))
+    As0, Bs0 = load_to_locals(K_outer_loop+2, As0, Bs0, 3000, barrier=False)
+    acc_store = compute_on_locals(acc, As1, Bs1, 2500, afters=(acc_store, As0, Bs0))
+    acc = acc.after(acc_store.barrier().end(K_outer_loop))
+
+    #acc_store = compute_on_locals(acc, As0, Bs0, 3500, afters=(acc_store.barrier().end(K_outer_loop)))
+    """
+    As1, Bs1 = load_to_locals(K//BLOCK_K-1, As1, Bs1, 4000)
+    acc_store = compute_on_locals(acc, As1, Bs1, 4500, afters=(acc_store))
+    """
+    #acc = acc.after(acc_store)
+
+  # **** END LOOPS *****
+
+  # store the acc into gmem
+  cp_i, cp_j = UOp.range(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, 10004), UOp.range(BLOCK_N//TC_N, 10005)
+  c_load = lambda i: C[gx, cp_i*TC_M*WARPGROUP_SIZE + warpgroup*TC_M + (warp//16)*4+i, gy, cp_j*TC_N + warp%16]
+  store = UOp.group(*[c_load(i).store(acc[cp_j, cp_i].gep(i)) for i in range(4)])
+  store = store.end(cp_i, cp_j)
+
+  return store.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="custom_gemm", opts_to_apply=())).simplify()
+
+# simplest WMMA
+"""
+# init the acc
+acc = UOp.placeholder((4,), dtypes.float, 0, AddrSpace.REG)
+acc = acc[init_l:=UOp.range(4, 1)].set(0.0, end=init_l)
+
+# do the wmma
+acc_load = UOp.vectorize(*[acc.after(K_loop)[i] for i in range(4)])
+wmma_arg = ('WMMA_16_16_32_half_float', (16, 16, 32), dtypes.half, dtypes.float, 'AMD', 64, ((), (), ((3, 2), (2, 2))), ())
+out = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float.vec(4), (A_in, B_in, acc_load), arg=wmma_arg)
+
+# store back the acc
+acc = acc.after(UOp.group(*[acc[i].store(out.gep(i)) for i in range(4)]).end(K_loop))
+
+# store the acc into gmem
+store = UOp.group(*[C[gx, (warp//16)*4+i, gy, warp%16].store(acc[i]) for i in range(4)])
+"""
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  a = Tensor.randn(M, K, dtype=dtypes.half)
+  b = Tensor.randn(K, N, dtype=dtypes.half)
+
+  #a = Tensor.zeros(M, K, dtype=dtypes.half).contiguous()
+  #a[0,16] = 1
+  #b = Tensor.ones(K, N, dtype=dtypes.half).contiguous()
+
+  c = Tensor.empty(M, N, dtype=dtypes.float)
+  with Context(DEBUG=0): Tensor.realize(a,b)
+
+  ref = a.dot(b, dtype=dtypes.float)
+  ref.realize()
+
+  GlobalCounters.reset()
+  with Context(DEBUG=max(2, DEBUG.value), DEVECTORIZE=2):
+    tst = Tensor.custom_kernel(c, a, b, fxn=custom_gemm)[0]
+    tst.realize()
+  print(f"{(N*M*K*2 / GlobalCounters.time_sum_s)*1e-12:.2f} REAL TFLOPS")
+
+  with Context(DEBUG=0):
+    #print(ref.numpy())
+    #print(tst.numpy())
+    assert Tensor.isclose(ref, tst, atol=1e-2).all().item(), "matrix not close"
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import os
+import numpy as np
+np.set_printoptions(linewidth=1000000)
+os.environ["AMD_LLVM"] = "0"
+
+from tinygrad import Tensor, Context, dtypes, UOp, GlobalCounters
+from tinygrad.helpers import DEBUG, getenv
+from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import sint, AxisType, KernelInfo, Ops
+
+WARP_SIZE = 64
+
+# Reg tile sizes (tensor cores)
+TC_M = 16
+TC_N = 16
+TC_K = 32
+
+N,M,K = 4096,4096,4096
+
+# Threadblock tile sizes (block-level tile of C that a block computes)
+BLOCK_M = 64
+BLOCK_N = 64
+BLOCK_K = 64
+
+WARPGROUP_SIZE = 1
+BLOCK_M = BLOCK_M * WARPGROUP_SIZE
+
+TID_SIZE = WARPGROUP_SIZE*WARP_SIZE
+
+def copy(dest:UOp, src:UOp, rng:int, set=False, upcast=()):
+  assert dest.shape == src.shape
+  rngs = [UOp.range(s, rng+i, AxisType.UPCAST if i in upcast else AxisType.LOOP) for i,s in enumerate(src.shape)]
+  copy = dest[*rngs].store(src[*rngs]).end(*rngs)
+  return dest.after(copy) if set else copy
+
+def compute_on_locals(acc:UOp, Asl:UOp, Bsl:UOp, rng:int, afters:tuple[UOp, ...], warpgroup, warp) -> UOp:
+  K_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_K//TC_K, rng, AxisType.REDUCE)
+
+  # load from locals into registers
+  Ar = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE,), dtypes.half.vec(8), slot=1, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+  Br = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_N//TC_N,), dtypes.half.vec(8), slot=2, addrspace=AddrSpace.REG)
+
+  M_load_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, rng+10)
+  Asl = Asl.reshape(BLOCK_K//TC_K, TC_K, BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, WARPGROUP_SIZE, TC_M)
+  load_rng = UOp.range(8, rng+11, axis_type=AxisType.UPCAST)
+  A_in = Asl[K_inner_loop, (warp//16)*8+load_rng, M_load_loop, warpgroup, warp%16].contract(load_rng)
+  Ar = Ar[M_load_loop].set(A_in, end=M_load_loop)
+
+  N_load_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_N//TC_N, rng+20)
+  Bsl = Bsl.reshape(BLOCK_K//TC_K, TC_K, BLOCK_N//TC_N, TC_N)
+  load_rng = UOp.range(8, rng+21, axis_type=AxisType.UPCAST)
+  B_in = Bsl[K_inner_loop, (warp//16)*8+load_rng, N_load_loop, warp%16].contract(load_rng)
+  Br = Br[N_load_loop].set(B_in, end=N_load_loop)
+
+  M_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, rng+30)
+  N_inner_loop = UOp.range(BLOCK_N//TC_N, rng+31)
+
+  # load values
+  acc_after = acc.after(*afters, M_inner_loop, N_inner_loop, K_inner_loop)
+  acc_load = acc_after[N_inner_loop, M_inner_loop]
+
+  # do WMMA
+  wmma_arg = ('WMMA_16_16_32_half_float', (16, 16, 32), dtypes.half, dtypes.float, 'AMD', 64, ((), (), ((3, 2), (2, 2))), ())
+  out = UOp(Ops.WMMA, dtypes.float.vec(4), (Ar[M_inner_loop], Br[N_inner_loop], acc_load), arg=wmma_arg)
+
+  # store back the acc
+  acc_store = acc[N_inner_loop, M_inner_loop].store(out)
+  return acc_store.end(M_inner_loop, N_inner_loop, K_inner_loop)
+
+def custom_gemm(C:UOp, A:UOp, B:UOp) -> UOp:
+  gx, gy = UOp.special(M//BLOCK_M, "gidx0"), UOp.special(N//BLOCK_N, "gidx1")
+  K_outer_loop = UOp.range(K//BLOCK_K, 0, AxisType.REDUCE)
+
+  # split out the globals into blocks
+  C = C.src[0].cast(dtypes.float.vec(4).ptr(C.ptrdtype.size)).reshape((M//BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, N//BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N))
+  A = A.reshape((M//BLOCK_M, BLOCK_M, K//BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K))[gx, :, K_outer_loop, :]
+  B = B.reshape((K//BLOCK_K, BLOCK_K, N//BLOCK_N, BLOCK_N))[K_outer_loop, :, gy, :]
+
+  # ---------------------------
+  # GLOBAL -> LOCAL (As, Bs)
+  # ---------------------------
+  tid = UOp.special(TID_SIZE, "lidx0")
+  warpgroup, warp = tid//WARP_SIZE, tid%WARP_SIZE
+
+  A_view = A.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+  B_view = B.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+
+  # A: read BM x BK tiles (permute on store into locals)
+  As = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_M), dtypes.half, slot=0, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL).shrink_to(BLOCK_K, BLOCK_M)
+  As_view = As.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+
+  Bs = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_K, BLOCK_N+4), dtypes.half, slot=1, addrspace=AddrSpace.LOCAL).shrink_to(BLOCK_K, BLOCK_N)
+  Bs_view = Bs.reshape(-1, TID_SIZE, 8)
+
+  outer_copy = UOp.range(A_view.shape[0], 100, AxisType.UPCAST)
+  inner_copy = UOp.range(A_view.shape[2], 101, AxisType.UPCAST)
+  As_store = As_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy].store(A_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy])
+  Bs_store = Bs_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy].store(B_view[outer_copy, tid, inner_copy])
+
+  if getenv("NOLOAD"):
+    As_store = As[0,0].store(0)
+    Bs_store = Bs[0,0].store(0)
+
+  # TODO: can we automate barrier?
+  barrier = UOp.barrier(UOp.group(As_store, Bs_store).end(outer_copy, inner_copy))
+
+  if getenv("COMPUTE"):
+    As, Bs = As.after(barrier), Bs.after(barrier)
+
+    acc = UOp.placeholder((BLOCK_N//TC_N, BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE), dtypes.float.vec(4), 0, AddrSpace.REG)
+
+    sink = compute_on_locals(acc, As, Bs, 200, afters=(barrier,), warpgroup=warpgroup, warp=warp)
+    sink = sink.end(K_outer_loop)
+
+    C_view = C[gx, :, gy, :].reshape(BLOCK_M//TC_M//WARPGROUP_SIZE, WARPGROUP_SIZE, TC_M, BLOCK_N//TC_N, TC_N)[:, warpgroup, warp%16, :, (warp//16)*4]
+    sink = copy(C_view, acc.after(sink), rng=300)
+  else:
+    sink = C.after(barrier.end(K_outer_loop))[0,0,0,0].store(As[0,0]+Bs[0,0])
+
+  return sink.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="custom_gemm", opts_to_apply=())).simplify()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  a = Tensor.randn(M, K, dtype=dtypes.half)
+  b = Tensor.randn(K, N, dtype=dtypes.half)
+  c = Tensor.empty(M, N, dtype=dtypes.float)
+  with Context(DEBUG=0): Tensor.realize(a,b)
+
+
+  GlobalCounters.reset()
+  with Context(DEBUG=max(2, DEBUG.value), DEVECTORIZE=2):
+    tst = Tensor.custom_kernel(c, a, b, fxn=custom_gemm)[0]
+    tst.realize()
+  print(f"{(N*M*K*2 / GlobalCounters.time_sum_s)*1e-12:.2f} REAL TFLOPS")
+
+
+  with Context(DEBUG=0):
+    ref = a.dot(b, dtype=dtypes.float)
+    ref.realize()
+    #print(ref.numpy())
+    #print(tst.numpy())
+    assert Tensor.isclose(ref, tst, atol=1e-2).all().item(), "matrix not close"
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ from tinygrad.dtype import _to_np_dtype
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt import OptOps
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import lower_schedule

-dtype_in = dtypes.half if getenv("HALF") else dtypes.bfloat16 if getenv("BFLOAT16") else dtypes.float
-acc_dtype = dtypes.half if getenv("ACC_HALF") else dtypes.bfloat16 if getenv("ACC_BFLOAT16") else None
+dtype_in = (dtypes.half if getenv("HALF") else dtypes.bfloat16 if getenv("BFLOAT16") else
+            dtypes.fp8e4m3 if getenv("FP8E4M3") else dtypes.fp8e5m2 if getenv("FP8E5M2") else dtypes.float)
+acc_dtype = (dtypes.half if getenv("ACC_HALF") else dtypes.bfloat16 if getenv("ACC_BFLOAT16") else
+            dtypes.fp8e4m3 if getenv("ACC_FP8E4M3") else dtypes.fp8e5m2 if getenv("ACC_FP8E5M2") else None)
 if getenv("INT"):  dtype_in, acc_dtype = dtypes.int8, dtypes.int32
 if getenv("UINT"): dtype_in, acc_dtype = dtypes.uint8, dtypes.int32

@@ -14,8 +16,10 @@ N = getenv("N", 4096)
 M = getenv("M", N)
 K = getenv("K", N)
 CNT = getenv("CNT", 10)
-ATOL = getenv("ATOL", 1e-4)
-RTOL = getenv("RTOL", 3e-2)
+
+atol, rtol = {dtypes.half:{1e-3, 1e-2}, dtypes.bfloat16:(1e-3, 1e-2), dtypes.fp8e4m3:(1e-1, 1e-1), dtypes.fp8e5m2:(1.0, 5e-1)}.get(dtype_in, (1e-4, 3e-2))
+ATOL, RTOL = getenv("ATOL", atol), getenv("RTOL", rtol)
+
 INT_LOW = getenv("INT_LOW", 0)
 INT_HIGH = getenv("INT_HIGH", 10)

@@ -8,19 +8,23 @@ import torch
 torch.set_num_threads(1)
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv
 CUDA = getenv("CUDA", 1)
+MPS = getenv("MPS", 0)
+if getenv("FP16_ACC"): torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_fp16_accumulation = True

-for dtype in [torch.float32, torch.float16]:
-  for N in [256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096]:
+for dtype in [torch.float32, torch.float16, torch.bfloat16]:
+  for N in [256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096] + ([6144, 8192] if getenv("BIG") else []):
    FLOPS = N*N*N*2

    b = torch.rand((N,N), dtype=dtype)
    c = torch.rand((N,N), dtype=dtype)
    if CUDA: b,c = b.cuda(),c.cuda()
+    if MPS: b,c = b.to('mps'),c.to('mps')

    def torch_prog(b, c):
      st = time.perf_counter()
      a = b@c
      if CUDA: torch.cuda.synchronize()
+      if MPS: torch.mps.synchronize()
      return time.perf_counter() - st
    tm = min([torch_prog(b, c) for _ in range(20)])
    print(f"{N*N:10d} {tm*1e6:9.2f} us, would be {FLOPS*1e-9/tm:9.2f} GFLOPS {N:4d}x{N:4d}x{N:4d} matmul in {dtype}")
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from tinygrad import Tensor, Device, TinyJit, dtypes
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv
+
+GPUS = getenv("GPUS", 4) # TODO: expose a way in tinygrad to access this
+N = 6144
+
+@TinyJit
+def many_matmul(A, B):
+  out = A
+  for _ in range(8): out = out@B
+  return out
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+  A = Tensor.ones(GPUS, N, N, dtype=dtypes.half).shard(devices=tuple([f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}" for i in range(GPUS)]), axis=0).contiguous()
+  B = Tensor.ones(GPUS, N, N, dtype=dtypes.half).shard(devices=tuple([f"{Device.DEFAULT}:{i}" for i in range(GPUS)]), axis=0).contiguous()
+  while 1: many_matmul(A, B)
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3

-from tinygrad.runtime.support.system import System
-import argparse, glob, os, re, time, subprocess, sys
+import argparse, glob, os, time, subprocess, sys

 def scan_devs_based_on_lock(prefix:str, args) -> list[str]:
  target_dev = args.pci_bus if 'pci_bus' in args.__dir__() else ""
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ def scan_devs_based_on_lock(prefix:str, args) -> list[str]:
    if os.path.exists(f"/sys/bus/pci/devices/{dev_id}") and dev_id.startswith(target_dev): devs.append(dev_id)
  return devs

-def _do_reset_device(pci_bus): System.pci_reset(pci_bus)
+def _do_reset_device(pci_bus): os.system(f"sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/{pci_bus}/reset'")
 def _is_module_loaded(name: str) -> bool: return os.path.isdir(f"/sys/module/{name}")

 def cmd_remove_module(args):
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ bert_train_params = {
  "GPUS": 6,
  "BS": 96,
  "EVAL_BS": 96,
-  "FUSE_ARANGE": 1,
  "BASEDIR": "/raid/datasets/wiki",
 }

@@ -51,11 +51,15 @@ def create_report(dev, test, result, stdout, stderr):
  dmesg_output = subprocess.check_output(["sudo", "dmesg", "--ctime", "--color=never"], text=True)
  with open(dmesg_path, "w") as f: f.write(dmesg_output)

+  env_vars = " ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in test.env.items())
+  reproduce_cmd = f"{env_vars} {test.cmd}"
+
  summary_path = os.path.join(report_path, "summary.txt")
  with open(summary_path, "w") as f:
    f.write(f"Test: {test.name()}\n")
    f.write(f"Dev params: {vars(dev)}\n")
    f.write(f"Test params: {vars(test)}\n")
+    f.write(f"Reproduce cmd: {reproduce_cmd}\n")
    f.write(f"Exit Code: {result}\n")

  print(f"Crash report saved to {report_path}")
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def ioctls_from_header():
  hdr = (pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "kfd_ioctl.h").read_text().replace("\\\n", "")
  pattern = r'#define\s+(AMDKFD_IOC_[A-Z0-9_]+)\s+AMDKFD_IOW?R?\((0x[0-9a-fA-F]+),\s+struct\s([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\)'
  matches = re.findall(pattern, hdr, re.MULTILINE)
-  return {int(nr, 0x10):(name, getattr(kfd_ioctl, "struct_"+sname)) for name, nr, sname in matches}
+  return {int(nr, 0x10):(name, getattr(kfd_ioctl, "struct_"+sname, None)) for name, nr, sname in matches}
 nrs = ioctls_from_header()

@ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_ulong, ctypes.c_void_p)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import onnx, yaml, tempfile, time, argparse, json
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
-from tinygrad.frontend.onnx import OnnxRunner
+from tinygrad.nn.onnx import OnnxRunner
 from extra.onnx_helpers import validate, get_example_inputs
 from extra.huggingface_onnx.huggingface_manager import DOWNLOADS_DIR, snapshot_download_with_retry

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ "$#" -ne 1 ] || ! [ -d $1 ]; then
+  echo "usage: $0 MESA_PREFIX"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+TMP=$(mktemp)
+trap 'rm -f "$TMP"' EXIT
+
+(
+  cat <<EOF
+#define HAVE_ENDIAN_H
+#define HAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC
+#define HAVE_PTHREAD
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "nir_shader_compiler_options.h"
+#include "compiler/shader_enums.h"
+EOF
+  sed -n '/struct nir_shader_compiler_options/,/^}/{p;/^}/q}' $1/src/gallium/drivers/llvmpipe/lp_screen.c
+  echo "int main(void) { write(1, &gallivm_nir_options, sizeof(gallivm_nir_options)); }"
+) | cc -x c -o $TMP - -I$1/src/compiler/nir -I$1/src -I$1/include || exit 1
+
+printf 'lvp_nir_options = gzip.decompress(base64.b64decode("%s"))' $("$TMP" | gzip | base64 -w0)
@@ -7,31 +7,34 @@ import os
 NUM_WORKGROUPS = 96
 WAVE_SIZE = 32
 NUM_WAVES = 2
-FLOPS_PER_MATMUL =  16*16*16*2
-INTERNAL_LOOP  = 1_000_000
-INSTRUCTIONS_PER_LOOP = 1_000
+FLOPS_PER_MATMUL = 16*16*16*2
+INTERNAL_LOOP = 1_000_00
+INSTRUCTIONS_PER_LOOP = 200
+DIRECTIVE = ".amdhsa_wavefront_size32 1"

 assemblyTemplate = (pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "template.s").read_text()

-def launchBenchmark(instruction, vgprIndices, dense = True):
-  if dense:
+def launchBenchmark(instruction, vgprIndices, dense=True, accum=False, extra=""):
+  if accum:
+    instructions = "{} a[0:{}], v[{}:{}], v[{}:{}], 1{}\n".format(instruction, vgprIndices[0],
+                                                                vgprIndices[1], vgprIndices[2],
+                                                                vgprIndices[1], vgprIndices[2], extra)
+  elif dense:
    instructions = "{} v[0:{}], v[{}:{}], v[{}:{}], 1\n".format(instruction, vgprIndices[0],
                                                                vgprIndices[1], vgprIndices[2],
-                                                                vgprIndices[1], vgprIndices[2]) * INSTRUCTIONS_PER_LOOP
+                                                                vgprIndices[1], vgprIndices[2])
  else:
    instructions = "{} v[0:{}], v[{}:{}], v[{}:{}], v{}\n".format(instruction, vgprIndices[0],
-                                                                vgprIndices[1], vgprIndices[2],
-                                                                vgprIndices[3], vgprIndices[4],
-                                                                vgprIndices[5]) * INSTRUCTIONS_PER_LOOP
-  src = assemblyTemplate.replace("INSTRUCTION", instructions)
+                                                                  vgprIndices[1], vgprIndices[2],
+                                                                  vgprIndices[3], vgprIndices[4],
+                                                                  vgprIndices[5])
+  src = assemblyTemplate.replace("INTERNAL_LOOP", str(INTERNAL_LOOP)).replace("INSTRUCTION", instructions*INSTRUCTIONS_PER_LOOP)
+  src = src.replace("DIRECTIVE", DIRECTIVE)
  lib = COMPILER.compile(src)
  fxn = AMDProgram(DEV, "matmul", lib)
-  start = time.perf_counter()
-  fxn(global_size=(NUM_WORKGROUPS,1,1), local_size=(WAVE_SIZE*NUM_WAVES,1,1), wait=True) #For some reason the returned time is very small after the first kernel execution
-  end = time.perf_counter()
-  elapsed = end-start
+  elapsed = min([fxn(global_size=(NUM_WORKGROUPS,1,1), local_size=(WAVE_SIZE*NUM_WAVES,1,1), wait=True) for _ in range(2)])
  FLOPs = FLOPS_PER_MATMUL * NUM_WAVES * NUM_WORKGROUPS * INTERNAL_LOOP * INSTRUCTIONS_PER_LOOP
-  print("{:<29} : {} T(FL)OPS".format(instruction, round(FLOPs/elapsed/10**12, 2)))
+  print(f"{instruction:<29} : {FLOPs/elapsed/10**12:.2f} T(FL)OPS")

 if __name__=="__main__":
  DEVICENUM = os.getenv("DEVICENUM", "0")
@@ -40,18 +43,17 @@ if __name__=="__main__":
  except:
    raise RuntimeError("Error while initiating AMD device")

-  if (ARCH := DEV.arch) not in ['gfx1100', 'gfx1201']:
-    raise RuntimeError("only gfx1100 and gfx1201 supported")
-  COMPILER = HIPCompiler(ARCH)
-
-  if ARCH == 'gfx1100':
+  COMPILER = HIPCompiler(DEV.arch)
+  if DEV.arch in {'gfx1100', 'gfx1103'}:
+    if DEV.arch == 'gfx1103':
+      NUM_WORKGROUPS = 8
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_bf16_16x16x16_bf16", (7,8,15))
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_f16_16x16x16_f16", (7,8,15))
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_f32_16x16x16_bf16", (7,8,15))
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_f32_16x16x16_f16", (7,8,15))
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu4", (7,8,9))
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_i32_16x16x16_iu8", (7,8,11))
-  if ARCH == 'gfx1201':
+  elif DEV.arch == 'gfx1201':
    NUM_WORKGROUPS = 64
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_bf16_16x16x16_bf16", (3,4,7))
    launchBenchmark("v_wmma_f16_16x16x16_f16", (3,4,7))
@@ -76,4 +78,20 @@ if __name__=="__main__":
    launchBenchmark("v_swmmac_f32_16x16x32_bf8_fp8", (7,8,9,10,13,14), False)
    launchBenchmark("v_swmmac_f32_16x16x32_bf8_bf8", (7,8,9,10,13,14), False)
    FLOPS_PER_MATMUL = 16*16*64*2
-    launchBenchmark("v_swmmac_i32_16x16x64_iu4", (7,8,9,10,13,14), False)
+    launchBenchmark("v_swmmac_i32_16x16x64_iu4", (7,8,9,10,13,14), False)
+  elif DEV.arch == 'gfx950':
+    DIRECTIVE = ".amdhsa_accum_offset 4"
+    NUM_WORKGROUPS = 256
+    WAVE_SIZE = 64
+    NUM_WAVES = 4
+    launchBenchmark("v_mfma_f32_16x16x16_f16", (3,0,1), accum=True)
+    launchBenchmark("v_mfma_f32_16x16x16_bf16", (3,0,1), accum=True)
+    FLOPS_PER_MATMUL = 16*16*32*2
+    launchBenchmark("v_mfma_f32_16x16x32_f16", (3,0,3), accum=True)
+    launchBenchmark("v_mfma_f32_16x16x32_bf16", (3,0,3), accum=True)
+    FLOPS_PER_MATMUL = 16*16*128*2
+    launchBenchmark("v_mfma_f32_16x16x128_f8f6f4", (3,0,7), accum=True) # fp8
+    launchBenchmark("v_mfma_f32_16x16x128_f8f6f4", (3,0,5), accum=True, extra=", cbsz:2 blgp:2") # fp6
+    launchBenchmark("v_mfma_f32_16x16x128_f8f6f4", (3,0,3), accum=True, extra=", cbsz:4 blgp:4") # fp4
+  else:
+    raise RuntimeError(f"arch {DEV.arch} not supported.")
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
    .text
    .globl matmul
-    .p2align 8 
+    .p2align 8
    .type matmul,@function
 matmul:
-    s_mov_b32 s1, 1000000
-    s_mov_b32 s2, 0
-    inner_loop:
-        INSTRUCTION
-        s_sub_u32 s1, s1, 1
-        s_cmp_lg_i32 s1, s2
-        s_cbranch_scc1 inner_loop
-    s_endpgm
+  s_mov_b32 s1, INTERNAL_LOOP
+  s_mov_b32 s2, 0
+  inner_loop:
+    INSTRUCTION
+    s_sub_u32 s1, s1, 1
+    s_cmp_lg_i32 s1, s2
+    s_cbranch_scc1 inner_loop
+  s_endpgm

 .rodata
 .p2align 6
 .amdhsa_kernel matmul
  .amdhsa_next_free_vgpr .amdgcn.next_free_vgpr
  .amdhsa_next_free_sgpr .amdgcn.next_free_sgpr
-  .amdhsa_wavefront_size32 1
+  DIRECTIVE
 .end_amdhsa_kernel

 .amdgpu_metadata
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ amdhsa.version:
 amdhsa.kernels:
  - .name: matmul
    .symbol: matmul.kd
-    .kernarg_segment_size:  0
+    .kernarg_segment_size: 0
    .group_segment_fixed_size: 0
    .private_segment_fixed_size: 0
    .kernarg_segment_align: 4
@@ -36,6 +36,5 @@ amdhsa.kernels:
    .sgpr_count: 8
    .vgpr_count: 32
    .max_flat_workgroup_size: 1024
-    .args:
 ...
 .end_amdgpu_metadata
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ from PIL import Image
 import numpy as np
 import re, gzip

+# Allow for monkeypatching for mlperf.
+gelu = Tensor.gelu
+
@lru_cache()
 def default_bpe():
  # Clip tokenizer, taken from https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/main/clip/simple_tokenizer.py (MIT license)
@@ -53,8 +56,8 @@ class Tokenizer:
    cs = [chr(n) for n in cs]
    return dict(zip(bs, cs))
  class ClipTokenizer:
-    def __init__(self):
-      self.byte_encoder = Tokenizer.bytes_to_unicode()
+    def __init__(self, version=None):
+      self.byte_encoder, self.version = Tokenizer.bytes_to_unicode(), version
      merges = gzip.open(default_bpe()).read().decode("utf-8").split('\n')
      merges = merges[1:49152-256-2+1]
      merges = [tuple(merge.split()) for merge in merges]
@@ -62,11 +65,17 @@ class Tokenizer:
      vocab = vocab + [v+'</w>' for v in vocab]
      for merge in merges:
        vocab.append(''.join(merge))
-      vocab.extend(['<|startoftext|>', '<|endoftext|>'])
+      if self.version == "sd_mlperf_v5_0":
+        import regex
+        vocab.extend(['<start_of_text>', '<end_of_text>'])
+        self.cache = {'<start_of_text>': '<start_of_text>', '<end_of_text>': '<end_of_text>'}
+        self.pat = regex.compile(r"""<start_of_text>|<end_of_text>|'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d|[\p{L}]+|[\p{N}]|[^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+""", regex.IGNORECASE)
+      else:
+        vocab.extend(['<|startoftext|>', '<|endoftext|>'])
+        self.cache = {'<|startoftext|>': '<|startoftext|>', '<|endoftext|>': '<|endoftext|>'}
+        self.pat = re.compile(r"""<\|startoftext\|>|<\|endoftext\|>|'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d|[^\s]+""", re.IGNORECASE)
      self.encoder = dict(zip(vocab, range(len(vocab))))
      self.bpe_ranks = dict(zip(merges, range(len(merges))))
-      self.cache = {'<|startoftext|>': '<|startoftext|>', '<|endoftext|>': '<|endoftext|>'}
-      self.pat = re.compile(r"""<\|startoftext\|>|<\|endoftext\|>|'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d|[^\s]+""", re.IGNORECASE)

    def bpe(self, token):
      if token in self.cache:
@@ -110,8 +119,17 @@ class Tokenizer:

    def encode(self, text:str, pad_with_zeros:bool=False) -> List[int]:
      bpe_tokens: List[int] = []
-      text = Tokenizer.whitespace_clean(text.strip()).lower()
-      for token in re.findall(self.pat, text):
+      if self.version == "sd_mlperf_v5_0":
+        import regex, ftfy, html
+        text = ftfy.fix_text(text)
+        text = html.unescape(html.unescape(text)).strip()
+        text = Tokenizer.whitespace_clean(text).lower()
+        re_module = regex
+      else:
+        text = Tokenizer.whitespace_clean(text.strip()).lower()
+        re_module = re
+
+      for token in re_module.findall(self.pat, text):
        token = ''.join(self.byte_encoder[b] for b in token.encode('utf-8'))
        bpe_tokens.extend(self.encoder[bpe_token] for bpe_token in self.bpe(token).split(' '))
      # Truncation, keeping two slots for start and end tokens.
@@ -252,10 +270,8 @@ class Open:
      q,k,v = [y.reshape(T, B*self.n_heads, self.d_head).transpose(0, 1).reshape(B, self.n_heads, T, self.d_head) for y in proj.chunk(3)]

      attn_output = Tensor.scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, attn_mask=attn_mask)
-      attn_output = attn_output.permute(2, 0, 1, 3).reshape(T*B, C)
-
+      attn_output = attn_output.permute(2, 0, 1, 3).reshape(T, B, C)
      attn_output = self.out_proj(attn_output)
-      attn_output = attn_output.reshape(T, B, C)

      return attn_output

@@ -263,9 +279,10 @@ class Open:
    def __init__(self, dims, hidden_dims):
      self.c_fc   = Linear(dims, hidden_dims)
      self.c_proj = Linear(hidden_dims, dims)
+      self.gelu = gelu

    def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
-      return x.sequential([self.c_fc, Tensor.gelu, self.c_proj])
+      return x.sequential([self.c_fc, self.gelu, self.c_proj])

  # https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip/blob/58e4e39aaabc6040839b0d2a7e8bf20979e4558a/src/open_clip/transformer.py#L210
  class ResidualAttentionBlock:
@@ -350,15 +367,15 @@ class Open:
 # https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models/blob/fbdc58cab9f4ee2be7a5e1f2e2787ecd9311942f/sgm/modules/encoders/modules.py#L396
 # https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models/blob/fbdc58cab9f4ee2be7a5e1f2e2787ecd9311942f/sgm/modules/encoders/modules.py#L498
 class FrozenOpenClipEmbedder(Embedder):
-  def __init__(self, dims:int, n_heads:int, layers:int, return_pooled:bool, ln_penultimate:bool=False):
-    self.tokenizer = Tokenizer.ClipTokenizer()
+  def __init__(self, dims:int, n_heads:int, layers:int, return_pooled:bool, ln_penultimate:bool=False, clip_tokenizer_version=None):
+    self.tokenizer = Tokenizer.ClipTokenizer(version=clip_tokenizer_version)
    self.model = Open.ClipTextTransformer(dims, n_heads, layers)
    self.return_pooled = return_pooled
    self.input_key = "txt"
    self.ln_penultimate = ln_penultimate

  def tokenize(self, text:str, device:Optional[str]=None) -> Tensor:
-    return Tensor(self.tokenizer.encode(text, pad_with_zeros=True), dtype=dtypes.int64, device=device).reshape(1,-1)
+    return Tensor(self.tokenizer.encode(text, pad_with_zeros=True), dtype=dtypes.int32, device=device).reshape(1,-1)

  def text_transformer_forward(self, x:Tensor, attn_mask:Optional[Tensor]=None):
    for r in self.model.transformer.resblocks:
@@ -449,7 +466,7 @@ class OpenClipEncoder:
    x = x + self.positional_embedding
    x = self.transformer(x, attn_mask=self.attn_mask)
    x = self.ln_final(x)
-    x = x[:, tokens.argmax(axis=-1)]
+    x = x[Tensor.arange(x.shape[0], device=x.device), tokens.argmax(axis=-1)]
    x = x @ self.text_projection
    return x

@@ -270,8 +270,10 @@ class FidInceptionV3:
    self.Mixed_7b = inception.Mixed_7b
    self.Mixed_7c = inception.Mixed_7c

-  def load_from_pretrained(self):
-    state_dict = torch_load(str(fetch("https://github.com/mseitzer/pytorch-fid/releases/download/fid_weights/pt_inception-2015-12-05-6726825d.pth", "pt_inception-2015-12-05-6726825d.pth")))
+  def load_from_pretrained(self, path=None):
+    if path is None:
+      path = fetch("https://github.com/mseitzer/pytorch-fid/releases/download/fid_weights/pt_inception-2015-12-05-6726825d.pth", "pt_inception-2015-12-05-6726825d.pth")
+    state_dict = torch_load(str(path))
    for k,v in state_dict.items():
      if k.endswith(".num_batches_tracked"):
        state_dict[k] = v.reshape(1)
@@ -89,6 +89,20 @@ class Attention:
    keys, values = repeat_kv(keys, self.n_rep), repeat_kv(values, self.n_rep)
    xq, keys, values = xq.transpose(1, 2), keys.transpose(1, 2), values.transpose(1, 2)
    attn = xq.scaled_dot_product_attention(keys, values, mask).transpose(1, 2)
+    if getenv("STUB_ATTENTION"):
+      # TODO: do we need mask?
+      from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, KernelInfo
+      def fa_custom_forward(attn:UOp, q:UOp, k:UOp, v:UOp) -> UOp:
+        return UOp.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="fa_custom_forward"))
+      def fa_custom_backward(out_q:UOp, out_k:UOp, out_v:UOp, grad:UOp, q:UOp, k:UOp, v:UOp) -> UOp:
+        return UOp.sink(arg=KernelInfo(name="fa_custom_backward"))
+      def fa_backward(grad:UOp, kernel:UOp) -> tuple[None, UOp, UOp, UOp]:
+        grad_q = Tensor.empty_like(q:=Tensor(kernel.src[1]))
+        grad_k = Tensor.empty_like(k:=Tensor(kernel.src[2]))
+        grad_v = Tensor.empty_like(v:=Tensor(kernel.src[3]))
+        ck = Tensor.custom_kernel(grad_q, grad_k, grad_v, Tensor(grad), q, k, v, fxn=fa_custom_backward)[:3]
+        return (None, ck[0].uop, ck[1].uop, ck[2].uop)
+      attn = Tensor.empty_like(attn).custom_kernel(xq, keys, values, fxn=fa_custom_forward, grad_fxn=fa_backward)[0]
    attn = attn.reshape(bsz, seqlen, -1)
    return self.wo(attn)

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
-from tinygrad import Tensor, dtypes
-from tinygrad.nn import Linear, Conv2d, GroupNorm, LayerNorm
+from tinygrad import Tensor, dtypes, nn
 from tinygrad.device import is_dtype_supported
-from typing import Optional, Union, List, Any, Tuple
+from typing import Optional, Union, List, Any, Tuple, Callable
 import math

+# allow for monkeypatching
+Linear, Conv2d, GroupNorm, LayerNorm = nn.Linear, nn.Conv2d, nn.GroupNorm, nn.LayerNorm
+attention, gelu, mixed_precision_dtype = Tensor.scaled_dot_product_attention, Tensor.gelu, dtypes.float16
+
 # https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models/blob/fbdc58cab9f4ee2be7a5e1f2e2787ecd9311942f/sgm/modules/diffusionmodules/util.py#L207
 def timestep_embedding(timesteps:Tensor, dim:int, max_period=10000):
  half = dim // 2
  freqs = (-math.log(max_period) * Tensor.arange(half, device=timesteps.device) / half).exp()
  args = timesteps.unsqueeze(1) * freqs.unsqueeze(0)
  out = Tensor.cat(args.cos(), args.sin(), dim=-1)
-  return out.cast(dtypes.float16) if is_dtype_supported(dtypes.float16) else out
+  return out.cast(mixed_precision_dtype) if is_dtype_supported(mixed_precision_dtype) else out

 class ResBlock:
-  def __init__(self, channels:int, emb_channels:int, out_channels:int):
+  def __init__(self, channels:int, emb_channels:int, out_channels:int, num_groups:int=32):
    self.in_layers = [
-      GroupNorm(32, channels),
+      GroupNorm(num_groups, channels),
      Tensor.silu,
      Conv2d(channels, out_channels, 3, padding=1),
    ]
@@ -24,7 +27,7 @@ class ResBlock:
      Linear(emb_channels, out_channels),
    ]
    self.out_layers = [
-      GroupNorm(32, out_channels),
+      GroupNorm(num_groups, out_channels),
      Tensor.silu,
      lambda x: x,  # needed for weights loading code to work
      Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, 3, padding=1),
@@ -45,35 +48,37 @@ class CrossAttention:
    self.to_v = Linear(ctx_dim,   n_heads*d_head, bias=False)
    self.num_heads = n_heads
    self.head_size = d_head
+    self.attn = attention
    self.to_out = [Linear(n_heads*d_head, query_dim)]

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor, ctx:Optional[Tensor]=None) -> Tensor:
    ctx = x if ctx is None else ctx
    q,k,v = self.to_q(x), self.to_k(ctx), self.to_v(ctx)
    q,k,v = [y.reshape(x.shape[0], -1, self.num_heads, self.head_size).transpose(1,2) for y in (q,k,v)]
-    attention = Tensor.scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v).transpose(1,2)
+    attention = self.attn(q, k, v).transpose(1,2)
    h_ = attention.reshape(x.shape[0], -1, self.num_heads * self.head_size)
    return h_.sequential(self.to_out)

 class GEGLU:
  def __init__(self, dim_in:int, dim_out:int):
    self.proj = Linear(dim_in, dim_out * 2)
+    self.gelu = gelu
    self.dim_out = dim_out

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
    x, gate = self.proj(x).chunk(2, dim=-1)
-    return x * gate.gelu()
+    return x * self.gelu(gate)

 class FeedForward:
  def __init__(self, dim:int, mult:int=4):
-    self.net = [
+    self.net: tuple[GEGLU, Callable, nn.Linear] = (
      GEGLU(dim, dim*mult),
      lambda x: x,  # needed for weights loading code to work
      Linear(dim*mult, dim)
-    ]
+    )

  def __call__(self, x:Tensor) -> Tensor:
-    return x.sequential(self.net)
+    return x.sequential(list(self.net))

 class BasicTransformerBlock:
  def __init__(self, dim:int, ctx_dim:int, n_heads:int, d_head:int):
@@ -92,12 +97,13 @@ class BasicTransformerBlock:

 # https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models/blob/fbdc58cab9f4ee2be7a5e1f2e2787ecd9311942f/sgm/modules/attention.py#L619
 class SpatialTransformer:
-  def __init__(self, channels:int, n_heads:int, d_head:int, ctx_dim:Union[int,List[int]], use_linear:bool, depth:int=1):
+  def __init__(self, channels:int, n_heads:int, d_head:int, ctx_dim:Union[int,List[int]], use_linear:bool, depth:int=1,
+               norm_eps:float=1e-5):
    if isinstance(ctx_dim, int):
      ctx_dim = [ctx_dim]*depth
    else:
      assert isinstance(ctx_dim, list) and depth == len(ctx_dim)
-    self.norm = GroupNorm(32, channels)
+    self.norm = GroupNorm(32, channels, eps=norm_eps)
    assert channels == n_heads * d_head
    self.proj_in  = Linear(channels, channels) if use_linear else Conv2d(channels, channels, 1)
    self.transformer_blocks = [BasicTransformerBlock(channels, ctx_dim[d], n_heads, d_head) for d in range(depth)]
@@ -134,7 +140,9 @@ class Upsample:

 # https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models/blob/fbdc58cab9f4ee2be7a5e1f2e2787ecd9311942f/sgm/modules/diffusionmodules/openaimodel.py#L472
 class UNetModel:
-  def __init__(self, adm_in_ch:Optional[int], in_ch:int, out_ch:int, model_ch:int, attention_resolutions:List[int], num_res_blocks:int, channel_mult:List[int], transformer_depth:List[int], ctx_dim:Union[int,List[int]], use_linear:bool=False, d_head:Optional[int]=None, n_heads:Optional[int]=None):
+  def __init__(self, adm_in_ch:Optional[int], in_ch:int, out_ch:int, model_ch:int, attention_resolutions:List[int], num_res_blocks:int,
+               channel_mult:List[int], transformer_depth:List[int], ctx_dim:Union[int,List[int]], use_linear:bool=False, d_head:Optional[int]=None,
+               n_heads:Optional[int]=None, num_groups:int=32, st_norm_eps:float=1e-5):
    self.model_ch = model_ch
    self.num_res_blocks = [num_res_blocks] * len(channel_mult)

@@ -174,12 +182,12 @@ class UNetModel:
    for idx, mult in enumerate(channel_mult):
      for _ in range(self.num_res_blocks[idx]):
        layers: List[Any] = [
-          ResBlock(ch, time_embed_dim, model_ch*mult),
+          ResBlock(ch, time_embed_dim, model_ch*mult, num_groups),
        ]
        ch = mult * model_ch
        if ds in attention_resolutions:
          d_head, n_heads = get_d_and_n_heads(ch)
-          layers.append(SpatialTransformer(ch, n_heads, d_head, ctx_dim, use_linear, depth=transformer_depth[idx]))
+          layers.append(SpatialTransformer(ch, n_heads, d_head, ctx_dim, use_linear, depth=transformer_depth[idx], norm_eps=st_norm_eps))

        self.input_blocks.append(layers)
        input_block_channels.append(ch)
@@ -193,9 +201,9 @@ class UNetModel:

    d_head, n_heads = get_d_and_n_heads(ch)
    self.middle_block: List = [
-      ResBlock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch),
-      SpatialTransformer(ch, n_heads, d_head, ctx_dim, use_linear, depth=transformer_depth[-1]),
-      ResBlock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch),
+      ResBlock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch, num_groups),
+      SpatialTransformer(ch, n_heads, d_head, ctx_dim, use_linear, depth=transformer_depth[-1], norm_eps=st_norm_eps),
+      ResBlock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch, num_groups),
    ]

    self.output_blocks = []
@@ -203,13 +211,13 @@ class UNetModel:
      for i in range(self.num_res_blocks[idx] + 1):
        ich = input_block_channels.pop()
        layers = [
-          ResBlock(ch + ich, time_embed_dim, model_ch*mult),
+          ResBlock(ch + ich, time_embed_dim, model_ch*mult, num_groups),
        ]
        ch = model_ch * mult

        if ds in attention_resolutions:
          d_head, n_heads = get_d_and_n_heads(ch)
-          layers.append(SpatialTransformer(ch, n_heads, d_head, ctx_dim, use_linear, depth=transformer_depth[idx]))
+          layers.append(SpatialTransformer(ch, n_heads, d_head, ctx_dim, use_linear, depth=transformer_depth[idx], norm_eps=st_norm_eps))

        if idx > 0 and i == self.num_res_blocks[idx]:
          layers.append(Upsample(ch))
@@ -217,7 +225,7 @@ class UNetModel:
        self.output_blocks.append(layers)

    self.out = [
-      GroupNorm(32, ch),
+      GroupNorm(num_groups, ch),
      Tensor.silu,
      Conv2d(model_ch, out_ch, 3, padding=1),
    ]
@@ -230,10 +238,10 @@ class UNetModel:
      assert y.shape[0] == x.shape[0]
      emb = emb + y.sequential(self.label_emb[0])

-    if is_dtype_supported(dtypes.float16):
-      emb = emb.cast(dtypes.float16)
-      ctx = ctx.cast(dtypes.float16)
-      x   = x  .cast(dtypes.float16)
+    if is_dtype_supported(mixed_precision_dtype):
+      emb = emb.cast(mixed_precision_dtype)
+      ctx = ctx.cast(mixed_precision_dtype)
+      x   = x  .cast(mixed_precision_dtype)

    def run(x:Tensor, bb) -> Tensor:
      if isinstance(bb, ResBlock): x = bb(x, emb)
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * NVIDIA_COPYRIGHT_BEGIN
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * NVIDIA CORPORATION and its licensors retain all intellectual property
+ * and proprietary rights in and to this software, related documentation
+ * and any modifications thereto.  Any use, reproduction, disclosure or
+ * distribution of this software and related documentation without an express
+ * license agreement from NVIDIA CORPORATION is strictly prohibited.
+ *
+ * NVIDIA_COPYRIGHT_END
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef enum {
+  NVJITLINK_SUCCESS = 0,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_OPTION,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_MISSING_ARCH,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_PTX_COMPILE,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_NVVM_COMPILE,
+  NVJITLINK_ERROR_INTERNAL
+} nvJitLinkResult;
+
+typedef enum {
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_NONE = 0,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_CUBIN = 1,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_PTX,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_LTOIR,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_FATBIN,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_OBJECT,
+  NVJITLINK_INPUT_LIBRARY
+} nvJitLinkInputType;
+
+typedef struct nvJitLink* nvJitLinkHandle;
+
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkCreate(nvJitLinkHandle *handle, uint32_t numOptions, const char **options);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkDestroy(nvJitLinkHandle *handle);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkAddData(nvJitLinkHandle handle, nvJitLinkInputType inputType, const void *data, size_t size, const char *name);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkAddFile(nvJitLinkHandle handle, nvJitLinkInputType inputType, const char *fileName);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkComplete(nvJitLinkHandle handle);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubinSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedCubin(nvJitLinkHandle handle, void *cubin);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtxSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetLinkedPtx(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *ptx);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetErrorLogSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetErrorLog(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *log);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetInfoLogSize(nvJitLinkHandle handle, size_t *size);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkGetInfoLog(nvJitLinkHandle handle, char *log);
+nvJitLinkResult nvJitLinkVersion(unsigned int *major, unsigned int *minor);
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_GRID_HEIGHT_RESUME                        MW(271:256)
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_GRID_DEPTH_RESUME                         MW(287:272)
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE(i)                         MW((288+(i)*16):(288+(i)*16))
+#define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE0_ENABLE                           NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE(0)
+#define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE1_ENABLE                           NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE(1)
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE_FALSE                      0x00000000
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_ENABLE_TRUE                       0x00000001
 #define NVCEC0_QMDV05_00_RELEASE_STRUCTURE_SIZE(i)                 MW((290+(i)*16):(289+(i)*16))
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ def install_hook(c_function, python_function):
  return orig_func

 # *** ioctl lib end ***
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.nv_gpu as nv_gpu
+from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import nv_570 as nv_gpu
 nvescs = {getattr(nv_gpu, x):x for x in dir(nv_gpu) if x.startswith("NV_ESC")}
 nvcmds = {getattr(nv_gpu, x):(x, getattr(nv_gpu, "struct_"+x+"_PARAMS", getattr(nv_gpu, "struct_"+x.replace("_CMD_", "_")+"_PARAMS", None))) for x in dir(nv_gpu) if \
          x.startswith("NV") and x[6:].startswith("_CTRL_") and isinstance(getattr(nv_gpu, x), int)}

 def get_classes():
-  hdrpy = (pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_gpu.py").read_text()
+  hdrpy = (pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent / "tinygrad/runtime/autogen/nv_570.py").read_text()
  clss = re.search(r'NV01_ROOT.*?NV_SEMAPHORE_SURFACE = \(0x000000da\) # macro', hdrpy, re.DOTALL).group()
  pattern = r'([0-9a-zA-Z_]*) = +\((0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)\)'
  matches = re.findall(pattern, clss, re.MULTILINE)
@@ -272,4 +272,4 @@ def compare_launch_state(states, good_states):

  return True, "PASS"

-# IOCTL=1 CUDA=1 CUDA_PTX=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_tiny_add
+# IOCTL=1 CUDA=1 CUDA_PTX=1 python3 test/test_ops.py TestOps.test_tiny_add
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 1993-2021 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+ * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef PCIEXPTBL_H
+#define PCIEXPTBL_H
+
+#define NV_BCRT_HASH_INFO_BASE_CODE_TYPE_VBIOS_BASE   0x00
+#define NV_BCRT_HASH_INFO_BASE_CODE_TYPE_VBIOS_EXT    0xE0
+
+//
+// The VBIOS object comes from walking the PCI expansion code block
+// The following structure holds the expansion code format.
+//
+#define PCI_EXP_ROM_SIGNATURE     0xaa55
+#define PCI_EXP_ROM_SIGNATURE_NV  0x4e56 // "VN" in word format
+#define PCI_EXP_ROM_SIGNATURE_NV2 0xbb77
+#define IS_VALID_PCI_ROM_SIG(sig) ((sig == PCI_EXP_ROM_SIGNATURE) ||    \
+                                   (sig == PCI_EXP_ROM_SIGNATURE_NV) || \
+                                   (sig == PCI_EXP_ROM_SIGNATURE_NV2))
+
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_EXP_ROM_SIG                    0x0
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_EXP_ROM_NBSI_DATA_OFFSET       0x16
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_EXP_ROM_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_PTR    0x18
+
+#pragma pack(1)
+typedef struct _PCI_EXP_ROM_STANDARD
+{
+    NvU16       sig;                //  00h: ROM Signature 0xaa55
+    NvU8        reserved [0x16];    //  02h: Reserved (processor architecture unique data)
+    NvU16       pciDataStrucPtr;    //  18h: Pointer to PCI Data Structure
+    NvU32       sizeOfBlock;        //  1Ah: <NBSI-specific appendage>
+} PCI_EXP_ROM_STANDARD, *PPCI_EXP_ROM_STANDARD;
+#pragma pack()
+
+#pragma pack(1)
+typedef struct _PCI_EXP_ROM_NBSI
+{
+    NvU16       sig;                //  00h: ROM Signature 0xaa55
+    NvU8        reserved [0x14];    //  02h: Reserved (processor architecture unique data)
+    NvU16       nbsiDataOffset;     //  16h: Offset from header to NBSI image
+    NvU16       pciDataStrucPtr;    //  18h: Pointer to PCI Data Structure
+    NvU32       sizeOfBlock;        //  1Ah: <NBSI-specific appendage>
+} PCI_EXP_ROM_NBSI, *PPCI_EXP_ROM_NBSI;
+#pragma pack()
+
+typedef union _PCI_EXP_ROM {
+    PCI_EXP_ROM_STANDARD standard;
+    PCI_EXP_ROM_NBSI nbsi;
+} PCI_EXP_ROM, *PPCI_EXP_ROM;
+
+#define PCI_DATA_STRUCT_SIGNATURE     0x52494350 // "PCIR" in dword format
+#define PCI_DATA_STRUCT_SIGNATURE_NV  0x5344504E // "NPDS" in dword format
+#define PCI_DATA_STRUCT_SIGNATURE_NV2 0x53494752 // "RGIS" in dword format
+#define IS_VALID_PCI_DATA_SIG(sig) ((sig == PCI_DATA_STRUCT_SIGNATURE) ||    \
+                                    (sig == PCI_DATA_STRUCT_SIGNATURE_NV) || \
+                                    (sig == PCI_DATA_STRUCT_SIGNATURE_NV2))
+
+#define PCI_LAST_IMAGE NVBIT(7)
+#define PCI_ROM_IMAGE_BLOCK_SIZE 512U
+
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_SIG        0x0
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_VENDOR_ID  0x4
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_LEN        0xa
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_CLASS_CODE 0xd
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_CODE_TYPE  0x14
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_IMAGE_LEN  0x10
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_STRUCT_LAST_IMAGE 0x15
+
+#pragma pack(1)
+typedef struct _PCI_DATA_STRUCT
+{
+    NvU32       sig;                //  00h: Signature, the string "PCIR" or NVIDIA's alternate "NPDS"
+    NvU16       vendorID;           //  04h: Vendor Identification
+    NvU16       deviceID;           //  06h: Device Identification
+    NvU16       deviceListPtr;      //  08h: Device List Pointer
+    NvU16       pciDataStructLen;   //  0Ah: PCI Data Structure Length
+    NvU8        pciDataStructRev;   //  0Ch: PCI Data Structure Revision
+    NvU8        classCode[3];       //  0Dh: Class Code
+    NvU16       imageLen;           //  10h: Image Length (units of 512 bytes)
+    NvU16       vendorRomRev;       //  12h: Revision Level of the Vendor's ROM
+    NvU8        codeType;           //  14h: holds NBSI_OBJ_CODE_TYPE (0x70) and others
+    NvU8        lastImage;          //  15h: Last Image Indicator: bit7=1 is lastImage
+    NvU16       maxRunTimeImageLen; //  16h: Maximum Run-time Image Length (units of 512 bytes)
+} PCI_DATA_STRUCT, *PPCI_DATA_STRUCT;
+#pragma pack()
+
+#define NV_PCI_DATA_EXT_SIG 0x4544504E // "NPDE" in dword format
+#define NV_PCI_DATA_EXT_REV_10 0x100      // 1.0
+#define NV_PCI_DATA_EXT_REV_11 0x101      // 1.1
+
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT_SIG            0x0
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT_LEN            0x6
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT_REV            0x4
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT_SUBIMAGE_LEN   0x8
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT_LAST_IMAGE     0xa
+#define OFFSETOF_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT_FLAGS          0xb
+
+#define PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT_FLAGS_CHECKSUM_DISABLED 0x04
+
+#pragma pack(1)
+typedef struct _NV_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT
+{
+    NvU32   signature;          //  00h: Signature, the string "NPDE"
+    NvU16   nvPciDataExtRev;    //  04h: NVIDIA PCI Data Extension Revision
+    NvU16   nvPciDataExtLen;    //  06h: NVIDIA PCI Data Extension Length
+    NvU16   subimageLen;        //  08h: Sub-image Length
+    NvU8    privLastImage;      //  0Ah: Private Last Image Indicator
+    NvU8    flags;              //  0Bh: Private images enabled if bit0=1
+} NV_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT, *PNV_PCI_DATA_EXT_STRUCT;
+#pragma pack()
+
+#endif // PCIEXPTBL_H
+
+
@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
 from tinygrad import Tensor
 from tinygrad.tensor import _to_np_dtype
-from tinygrad.frontend.onnx import OnnxRunner, OnnxValue
+from tinygrad.nn.onnx import OnnxRunner, OnnxValue
 import numpy as np
 import onnxruntime as ort
+ort_options = ort.SessionOptions()
+ort_options.log_severity_level = 3

 def get_example_inputs(graph_inputs:dict[str, OnnxValue], config={}):
+  """
+  Generate example input tensors based on the provided ONNX graph input specifications.
+
+  NOTE: This is not guaranteed to be reliable. It's a best-effort helper
+  that uses heuristics to guess input shapes and values.
+
+  Example:
+    from tinygrad.nn.onnx import OnnxRunner
+    from extra.onnx_helpers import get_example_inputs
+    inputs = get_example_inputs(OnnxRunner(model_path).graph_inputs)
+  """
  def _get_shape(onnx_shape: tuple[str|int]):
    shape = []
    for onnx_dim in onnx_shape:
@@ -44,11 +57,9 @@ def get_example_inputs(graph_inputs:dict[str, OnnxValue], config={}):
    ret.update({name:value})
  return ret

-def validate(onnx_file, inputs, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-5):
+def _get_tinygrad_and_ort_np_outputs(onnx_file, inputs):
  run_onnx = OnnxRunner(onnx_file)

-  ort_options = ort.SessionOptions()
-  ort_options.log_severity_level = 3
  ort_sess = ort.InferenceSession(onnx_file, ort_options, ["CPUExecutionProvider"])
  np_inputs = {k:v.numpy() if isinstance(v, Tensor) else v for k,v in inputs.items()}
  out_names = list(run_onnx.graph_outputs)
@@ -56,9 +67,101 @@ def validate(onnx_file, inputs, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-5):
  ort_out = dict(zip(out_names, out_values))

  tinygrad_out = run_onnx(inputs)
+  Tensor.realize(*(x for x in tinygrad_out.values() if x is not None))
+  tinygrad_out = {k:v.numpy() if v is not None else None for k,v in tinygrad_out.items()}
+  return tinygrad_out, ort_out
+
+def validate(onnx_file, inputs, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-5):
+  """
+  Compares the final output tensors of an onnx model run in tinygrad and onnxruntime.
+  """
+  tinygrad_out, ort_out = _get_tinygrad_and_ort_np_outputs(onnx_file, inputs)

  assert tinygrad_out.keys() == ort_out.keys()
  for k in tinygrad_out.keys():
    tiny_v, onnx_v = tinygrad_out[k], ort_out[k]
    if tiny_v is None: assert onnx_v is None, f"{k}: {tiny_v=}, {onnx_v=}"
-    else: np.testing.assert_allclose(tiny_v.numpy(), onnx_v, rtol=rtol, atol=atol, err_msg=f"For tensor '{k}' in {tinygrad_out.keys()}")
+    else: np.testing.assert_allclose(tiny_v, onnx_v, rtol=rtol, atol=atol, err_msg=f"For tensor '{k}' in {tinygrad_out.keys()}")
+
+def validate_all_intermediates(onnx_file, inputs, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-5):
+  """
+  Compares all intermediate node output of an onnx model run in tinygrad and onnxruntime.
+  """
+  report = generate_node_output_report(onnx_file, inputs)
+  for i, node in enumerate(report):
+    node_name = node["node"]
+    op = node["op"]
+    outputs = node["outputs"]
+    for output in outputs:
+      output_name = output["name"]
+      tinygrad_out = output["tinygrad"]
+      ort_out = output["onnxruntime"]
+      try:
+        if tinygrad_out is None: assert ort_out is None, f"None outputs are not equal {tinygrad_out=} {ort_out=}"
+        else: np.testing.assert_allclose(tinygrad_out, ort_out, rtol=rtol, atol=atol)
+        print(f"Validated {i}: {op=} {node_name=} {output_name=}")
+      except AssertionError as e:
+        print(f"FAILED {i}: {op=} {node_name=} {output_name=}")
+        print(str(e).strip() + "\n")
+
+def generate_node_output_report(onnx_file, inputs):
+  """
+  Build a report of all ONNX node outputs from tinygrad and onnxruntime
+
+  Returns:
+    A list of dictionaries, where each entry corresponds to one
+    node in the ONNX graph. The structure is as follows:
+    [
+      {
+        "node": str,  # The name of the ONNX node.
+        "op": str,    # The operation type of the ONNX node.
+        "outputs": [
+          {
+            "name": str,                       # The name of the output tensor.
+            "tinygrad": np.ndarray | None,     # The output value from tinygrad.
+            "onnxruntime": np.ndarray | None,  # The output value from onnxruntime.
+          },
+          ...
+        ]
+      },
+      ...
+    ]
+  """
+  import onnx_graphsurgeon as gs
+  import onnx
+  import tempfile
+
+  # rewrite the model to output all the node outputs
+  # `infer_shapes` here tries to fill the shapes and dtypes of intermediate values which graphsurgeon requires when assigning them as outputs
+  inferred_model = onnx.shape_inference.infer_shapes(onnx.load(onnx_file))
+  model = gs.import_onnx(inferred_model)
+  model_nodes = model.nodes
+  node_outputs = [n.outputs for n in model.nodes]
+  model.outputs = [
+      each_output for outputs in node_outputs for each_output in outputs
+      if not (each_output.dtype is None and each_output.shape is None)  # output with None dtype and None shape is likely a `None` value
+  ]
+  rewritten_model = gs.export_onnx(model)
+
+  # TODO: remove this once ORT supports 1.18.0
+  if getattr(rewritten_model, "ir_version", 0) > 10:
+    rewritten_model.ir_version = 10
+
+  with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".onnx") as f:
+    onnx.save(rewritten_model, f.name)
+    rewritten_model_path = f.name
+    tinygrad_out, ort_out = _get_tinygrad_and_ort_np_outputs(rewritten_model_path, inputs)
+
+  report = []
+  for node in model_nodes:
+    outputs = []
+    for each_output in node.outputs:
+      if each_output.dtype is None and each_output.shape is None:
+        continue
+      name = each_output.name
+      tinygrad_output = tinygrad_out[name]
+      ort_output = ort_out[name]
+      outputs.append({"name": name, "tinygrad": tinygrad_output, "onnxruntime": ort_output})
+    report.append({"node": node.name, "op": node.op, "outputs": outputs})
+
+  return report
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def lin_to_feats(lin:Kernel, use_sts=True):
  ret = [float(x) for x in ret]

  if use_sts:
-    my_sts = dedup([(x.shape == lin.full_shape, x.real_strides(), any(v.mask is not None for v in x.views), len(x.views)) for x in lin.sts])
+    my_sts = dedup([(x.shape == lin.full_shape, x.is_expanded(), any(v.mask is not None for v in x.views), len(x.views)) for x in lin.sts])
    assert len(my_sts) < MAX_BUFS
    sts_len = 3 + 5*MAX_DIMS
    for s in my_sts:
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More